89,187 results match your criteria: "Monash University; karla.hutt@monash.edu.[Affiliation]"

Reductive acetogenesis is a dominant process in the ruminant hindgut.

Microbiome

January 2025

Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Background: The microbes residing in ruminant gastrointestinal tracts play a crucial role in converting plant biomass to volatile fatty acids, which serve as the primary energy source for ruminants. This gastrointestinal tract comprises a foregut (rumen) and hindgut (cecum and colon), which differ in structures and functions, particularly with respect to feed digestion and fermentation. While the rumen microbiome has been extensively studied, the cecal microbiome remains much less investigated and understood, especially concerning the assembling microbial communities and overriding pathways of hydrogen metabolism.

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Background: Workplace bullying (WPB) is common in nursing profession, leading to adverse effects on nurses' health and teamwork. Although it has been suggested that psychological capital (PsyCap) could potentially moderate the relationship between WPB and emotional exhaustion, there is currently a lack of direct empirical evidence supporting this claim. Therefore, this study aims to examine how PsyCap moderates the relationship between WPB and emotional exhaustion in nurses.

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Manual wheelchair training programs: a scoping review of educational approaches and intended learning outcomes.

BMC Med Educ

January 2025

School of Allied Health Science and Practice, Engineering Math and Science Building, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Level 4, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.

Background: Training programs grounded in educational theory offer a systematic framework to facilitate learning and outcomes. This scoping review aims to map the educational approaches documented for manual wheelchair training and to record intended learning outcomes and any relationships between learning theories, instructional design and outcomes.

Methods: Eight databases; Cochrane's Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, EmCare, Medline, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Database and grey literature were searched in September 2023, with citation chaining for relevant papers.

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Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion: Is it ethical?

Monash Bioeth Rev

January 2025

Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.

Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP), a new method of controlled donation after circulatory death, seems to provide more and better organs for patients on organ transplant waiting lists compared to standard controlled donation after circulatory death. Despite its benefits, the ethical permissibility of TA-NRP is currently a highly debated issue. The recent statement published by the American College of Physicians (ACP) highlights the reasons for these debates.

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Effective, scalable dementia prevention interventions are needed to address modifiable risk factors given global burden of dementia and challenges in developing disease-modifying treatments. A single-blind randomized controlled trial assessed an online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline over 3 years. Participants were dementia-free community-dwelling Australians aged 55-77 years with modifiable dementia risk factors.

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This review explores low-cost neurocritical care interventions for resource-limited settings, including economical devices, innovative care models, and disease-specific strategies. Devices like inexpensive ventilators, wearable technology, smartphone-based ultrasound, brain4care, transcranial Doppler, and smartphone pupillometry offer effective diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. Initiatives such as intermediate care units, minimally equipped stroke units, and tele-neurocritical care have demonstrated benefits by reducing hospital stays, preventing complications, and improving clinical and economic outcomes.

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Purpose Of Review: Breast malignancy is the most common cancer in females. Symptoms of pelvic floor disorders and sexual dysfunction secondary to systemic cancer treatment may occur. Non-surgical, non-pharmaceutical conservative therapies, namely pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and education-based therapies, could be beneficial to reduce these symptoms in this population.

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Background: Weight bias is a global health challenge and community members are endorsed as the most common source of weight bias. The nature of weight biases specifically against preconception, pregnant, and postpartum (PPP) women from the perspective of community members is not known, especially in terms of cross-cultural trends. We investigated the magnitude of explicit and implicit weight bias and profiles of characteristics associated with harbouring weight bias.

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Cognitive dysfunction is frequently reported in individuals with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), possibly resulting from reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). We used brain SPECT, an accessible imaging modality that has not been systematically evaluated in this patient group. Retrospective review of participants from our registry was undertaken to identify those who had a brain SPECT performed for investigation of cognitive dysfunction.

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Musculoskeletal modeling based on inverse dynamics provides a cost-effective non-invasive means for calculating intersegmental joint reaction forces and moments, solely relying on kinematic data, easily obtained from smart wearables. On the other hand, the accuracy and precision of such models strongly hinge upon the selected scaling methodology tailored to subject-specific data. This study investigates the impact of upper body mass distribution on internal and external kinetics computed using a comprehensive musculoskeletal model during level walking in both normal weight and obese individuals.

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Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In addition to the daily challenges that HF poses, acute exacerbations can lead to costly hospitalizations and increased mortality. High health care costs and the burden of HF have led to the emerging application of new technologies to support people living with HF to stay well while living in the community.

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The prognosis for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has improved dramatically since the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and intravenous arsenic trioxide (ATO). However, ATO administration requires daily infusions over several months, representing an onerous burden for hospitals and patients. We evaluated the bioavailability of a novel encapsulated oral ATO formulation in APL patients in first complete remission during standard-of-care consolidation.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the meanings and experiences of menopause for trans and gender diverse (TGD) people and how menopause affects clinical practice.

Methods: For this qualitative study in 2021-2022, a scoping literature review informed interview schedule development. Following email invitations, online semi-structured interviews were conducted in March-April 2021 in Australia with three prominent TGD community leaders (trans male, trans female, nonbinary person) and three experienced medical practitioners (general practitioner, endocrinologist, psychiatrist), which were audio-recorded and transcribed.

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Could metabolic imaging and artificial intelligence provide a novel path to non-invasive aneuploidy assessments? A certain clinical need.

Reprod Fertil Dev

January 2025

Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women health, School of Clinical Medicine and the Royal Hospital for Women, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) via embryo biopsy helps in embryo selection by assessing embryo ploidy. However, clinical practice needs to consider the invasive nature of embryo biopsy, potential mosaicism, and inaccurate representation of the entire embryo. This creates a significant clinical need for improved diagnostic practices that do not harm embryos or raise treatment costs.

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Introduction: The advancements in neonatal resuscitation and surgical care have enabled children with congenital abnormalities to receive corrective surgeries and achieve lifespans well into adulthood. These patients may require long-term follow-up as they continue to have risks of developing sequelae from their original diseases or surgical interventions.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the current practice and barriers to the transition of care (TOC) from the perspectives of adult surgeons.

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Background: Larsucosterol is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in development for alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a disease for which there is no approved therapy.

Methods: In this phase 2b trial, patients with severe AH were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive 30 mg or 90 mg of larsucosterol or placebo; a second dose was administered after 72 hours if the patient remained hospitalized. All patients received supportive care as determined by investigators.

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Objectives: To determine whether culturally adapted dementia prevention animations increased dementia prevention knowledge in ethnically diverse communities.

Methods: A before-and after survey conducted online and in-person between 1 February and 5 June 2022. Participants viewed the animation in Arabic, Hindi, Tamil, Cantonese, Mandarin, Greek, Italian, Spanish, Vietnamese or English.

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Unsafe abortion is a preventable contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly for young unmarried women in low resource settings. In Papua New Guinea, abortion is legally restricted and highly stigmatised, limiting access to safe abortion and post-abortion care, resulting in unsafe abortion. This paper explores young people's lived experiences and agency in relation to unsafe abortion.

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A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

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Dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation for procedural pain or discomfort in newborn infants.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev

January 2025

Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of dexmedetomidine compared with opioids, non-opioids and placebo in providing sedation and analgesia for procedural pain in newborn infants.

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A review of international clinical guidelines that inform the use of assistive technology to support adults living with progressive or complex conditions.

Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol

January 2025

Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.

Methods: A published review protocol guided searches of four electronic databases and 11 CPG portals. CPGs published between January 2012 and September 2023 in English for adults with progressive or complex conditions were included. Recommendations were catalogued according to: author, year and country of publication; grading of recommendations made; number of recommendations made overall and number pertaining to AT; target condition and/or population; age group/s recommendations related to (if specified); type of AT (categorised into "cognition", "communication", "vision", "hearing", "self-care", "mobility", "combination" or "other"); target professions to apply recommendations; evidence grading; and reference to supporting evidence.

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The coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global health challenge, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. T2DM is the leading cause of CKD, and CKD exacerbates diabetes-related complications, creating a bidirectional relationship driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), affecting some individuals with T2DM, accelerates progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and increases cardiovascular mortality.

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The impact of healthcare funding on interprofessional collaboration and integrated service delivery in primary and allied healthcare: a scoping review.

J Interprof Care

January 2025

Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.

This scoping review explores the concepts of integrated healthcare, interprofessional collaboration, and healthcare funding within the context of primary and allied healthcare. A systematic database, internet, and manual search of included article reference lists sought published and gray literature. From an initial 8,122 papers, a total of 63 met the inclusion criteria and were assessed using a three-stage narrative synthesis that sought to meaningfully account for the complexity and heterogeneity of the included papers: (1) Preliminary analysis involved data extraction and mapping of key themes, including article, integration, collaboration, and funding characteristics; (2) Robustness evaluation involved critically appraising the methodological quality of the literature using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool, and the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-based Practice Research Evidence Appraisal Tool, and Non-Research Evidence Appraisal Tool; and (3) Relationship exploration found that most primary and allied healthcare services still operate under fee-for-service funding arrangements that discourage the delivery of integrated collaborative, coordinated, and complex care, instead encouraging traditional siloed and hierarchical approaches that are linked to workload, remuneration, and job satisfaction inequalities between primary and allied healthcare professions.

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'Bone Health-Across a Woman's Lifespan'.

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)

January 2025

Centre for Endocrinology & Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Despite a high burden of osteoporosis and minimal trauma fractures worldwide, there is still a treatment gap in timely diagnosis and optimal treatment. There is also a lack of international consensus and guidelines on the management of bone fragility in premenopausal women. This review article provides an overview of the current understanding of factors impacting women's bone health across the adult lifespan, as well as dilemmas in the diagnosis, assessment and management of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, premature ovarian insufficiency and bone health following breast cancer.

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