Trabecular bone deficits predominate in the appendicular skeleton of midlife women living with HIV: findings from a cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe.

HIV-related mortality has fallen due to scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), so more women living with HIV (WLH) now live to reach menopause. Menopausal estrogen loss causes bone loss, as do HIV and certain ART regimens. However, quantitative bone data from WLH are few in Africa.

Two London Memorials to "James Parkinson [1755-1824], Esq. Surgeon, Late of Hoxton-Square".

Of all London memorials commemorating historical medical personalities, none perhaps have been so frequented by neurologists as those honoring James Parkinson (1755-1824) of Hoxton square. Situated in the historical London borough of Hackney, there are two well-known memorials to James Parkinson that can still be easily visited: The first, a large, inscribed marble memorial tablet at St Leonard's Church that Parkinson was closely affiliated with throughout life; the second, a historical blue plaque marking the site of Parkinson's birthplace and former home practice at 1 Hoxton Square. Although many contemporary neurologists would freely recall the historical significance of these locations, very few now living can detail the circumstances leading up to these memorials being erected.

Postoperative delirium under general anaesthesia by remimazolam versus propofol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, has similar clinical effects to propofol for sedation in general anaesthesia. However, it remains uncertain whether remimazolam could increase postoperative delirium (POD) compared with propofol.

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to compare the incidence of POD between remimazolam and propofol as sedative agents in general anaesthesia.

The clinical assessment of lung involvement in patients with Still's disease, results from the multicentre international AIDA Network Still's Disease Registry.

Objectives: To assess the lung involvement in patients with Still's disease, an inflammatory disease assessing both children and adults. To exploit possible associated factors for parenchymal lung involvement in these patients.

Methods: A multicentre observational study was arranged assessing consecutive patients with Still's disease characterized by the lung involvement among those included in the AIDA (AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance) Network Still's Disease Registry.

Efficacy and Safety of Pegcetacoplan in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Recurrent Complement 3 Glomerulopathy or Primary Immune Complex Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis.

Introduction: Complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and primary immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) have high risks for disease recurrence and allograft loss in transplant kidneys. Pegcetacoplan (targeted complement 3 [C3]/C3b inhibitor) may prevent excessive deposition of C3 and complement 5 [C5] breakdown products and associated renal damage.

Methods: NOBLE (NCT04572854) is a prospective, phase 2, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of pegcetacoplan in posttransplant patients with recurrent C3G or IC-MPGN.

Disease activity and glucocorticoid tapering patterns in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with anifrolumab: post hoc analysis of the Japanese subpopulation of the TULIP-2 study.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of anifrolumab on disease activity and glucocorticoid tapering patterns in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: We analysed disease activity and glucocorticoid tapering in the Japanese subpopulation (anifrolumab, n = 24; placebo, n = 19) of the TULIP-2 trial, which showed the efficacy and safety of anifrolumab in patients with moderate-to-severe active SLE.

Results: The percentage of patients who achieved a British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment response at Week 52 was greater in the anifrolumab group than placebo [50.

Trajectory of depressive symptoms in a longitudinal stroke cohort.

Objectives: Knowledge of the trajectory of post-stroke depression is important to identify high-risk patients, develop precise management programs and enhance prognosis. We aimed to characterise the course of depressive symptoms within the first year post-stroke and to evaluate associations with time.

Materials And Methods: Depressive symptoms were measured using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) within the first week, and at 3 and 12 months post-stroke.

The Prominent Subarachnoid Space in Children: How has a Normal Variant Become Medicolegally Life-Threatening Pathology?

A prominent subarachnoid space (SAS) in infants under 24 months is a very common finding and is a normal variant that can be associated with macrocephaly. This must be differentiated from various pathological conditions that also cause a prominent SAS, including a reduction in brain volume, obstruction to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or malformations of the skull. The inappropriate labelling of normal SAS prominence as enlargement due to pathology and misrepresentation of published literature by some author groups has created confusion medicolegally, contributing to inappropriate conclusions that a normal prominent SAS may cause subdural haemorrhage (SDH) and brain injury.

Combined endonasal, endo-orbital and transcranial craniofacial resection of invasive anterior skullbase sinonasal carcinoma: 2D endoscopic video.

Background: Sinonasal malignancies, in which squamous cell carcinomas are the most common are rare and difficult to treat given the location and anatomical structures involved. Sinonasal malignancies often present late due to non-specific and benign symptoms. Partial resections are often associated with poorer outcomes [1].

Regulatory T cell therapy is associated with distinct immune regulatory lymphocytic infiltrates in kidney transplants.

Background: Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells (Tregs) is a promising therapeutic strategy aimed at enabling immunosuppression minimization following kidney transplantation. In our phase 1 clinical trial of Treg therapy in living donor renal transplantation, the ONE Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02129881), we observed focal lymphocytic infiltrates in protocol kidney transplant biopsies that are not regularly seen in biopsies of patients receiving standard immunosuppression.

Tranexamic acid in hip and spine surgery for children with cerebral palsy - a PRISMA-compliant scoping review.

Many children with cerebral palsy (CP) are frail and require major hip and/or spine surgeries associated with substantial blood loss. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly used to reduce blood loss, but there is uncertainty around the optimal dose and timing of administration. There have been reviews in sub-populations and specific dosing regimens, but a broad overview of the available literature is lacking.

Development and validation of a gonadotropin dose selection model for optimized ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: The ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation varies widely among women, and could impact the probability of live birth as well as treatment risks. Many studies have evaluated the impact of different gonadotropin starting doses, mainly based on predictive variables like ovarian reserve tests (ORT) including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH). A Cochrane systematic review revealed that individualizing the gonadotropin starting dose does not affect efficacy in terms of ongoing pregnancy/live birth rates, but may reduce treatment risks such as the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Management of Osteoporosis in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurological disorder globally. Defining features include tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, which in combination with nonmotor symptoms such as cognitive impairment and orthostatic hypotension increase the risk of falls. Along with low bone mineral density, fracture risk is high in PD.

Effects of statins on kidney function in older adults.

Background: The effect of statin therapy on kidney function among older adults is unclear.

Objectives: To examine the association between statin use and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), positive or negative, in an older adult cohort with versus without chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline.

Methods: This analysis included 18,056 participants aged ≥65 years with versus without CKD at baseline in a randomized trial of low-dose aspirin, who had no prior cardiovascular events, major physical disability, or dementia initially.

Clinical outcomes of cardiogenic shock among critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand from 2003 to 2022.

Purpose: Patients with Cardiogenic shock (CS) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have high mortality rates. We aimed to investigate the changes patient characteristics and outcomes over time among patients admitted to the ICU with CS.

Methods: Retrospective study utilizing a large bi-national ICU database from 2003 to 2022.

Classification of chronic kidney disease in older Australian adults by the CKD-EPI 2009 and 2021 equations: secondary analysis of ASPREE study data.

Objectives: To assess the clinical impact on generally healthy older Australians of changing from the 2009 CKD-EPI (CKD-EPI) to the 2021 CKD-EPI (CKD-EPI) equation for calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Study Design: Secondary analysis of data from the prospective ASPirin in Reducing events in the Elderly (ASPREE) cohort study.

Setting, Participants: Australians aged 70 years or older living in the community and without life-limiting medical conditions, recruited 1 March 2010 - 31 December 2014 for the ASPREE trial.