Compromising the immunogenicity of diphtheria toxin-based immunotoxins through epitope engineering: An in silico approach.

Immunotoxins are genetically engineered recombinant proteins consisting of a targeting moiety, such as an antibody, and a cytotoxic toxin moiety of microbial origin. Pseudomonas exotoxin A and diphtheria toxin (DT) have been abundantly used in immunotoxins, with the latter applied as the toxin moiety of the FDA-approved drug Denileukin diftitox (ONTAK®). However, the use of immunotoxins provokes an adverse immune response in the host body against the toxin moiety, limiting their efficacy.

The activation of the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor promotes the aggressiveness of MDA-MB231 cells by targeting the IRE1α/TXNIP pathway.

Background And Purpose: This study investigated modulating the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) on the IRElα/TXNIP pathway and its role in drug resistance in MDA-MB231 cells.

Experimental Approach: To determine the optimal concentrations of G and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (TAM), GPER expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Cells were treated with individual concentrations of G (1000 nM), G (1000 nM), and TAM (2000 nM), as well as combinations of these treatments (G + G, TAM + G, and G + TAM) for 24 and 48 h.

SIRT1/NOX1 pathway mediated ameliorative effects of rosmarinic acid in folic acid-induced renal injury.

Background And Purpose: Renal injury is a serious disorder that can be caused by some diseases or agents. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural and safe compound with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the ameliorative effects of RA were assayed in folic acid (FA)-induced renal injury by involving the SIRT1/NOX1 pathway.

Protective Effects of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome On Oxidative Stress-Induced Bisphenol-A in Isolated Rat Testes Mitochondria and Sperm Quality.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential protective effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome (ASE) on oxidative stress triggered by Bisphenol-A (BisA) exposure in testicular mitochondria and sperm quality of rats.

Methods: Testicular tissue mitochondria and sperms were exposed to BisA (8 μM) and ASE (50 or 100 μg). ∆Ψm (mitochondrial membrane potential), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant biomarkers, and sperm parameters were measured.

Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells in combination with hyperbaric oxygen therapy enhance neuroregeneration in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury.

Peripheral nerve damage continues to be a significant challenge in the field of medicine, with no currently available effective treatment. Currently, we investigated the beneficial effects of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs)- derived exosomes along with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in a sciatic nerve injury model. Seventy-five male mature Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into five equal groups.

Electrochemical biosensors for depression: Diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.

Electrochemical biosensors have revolutionized the detection of biomarkers related to depression and the quantification of antidepressant drugs. These biosensors leverage nanomaterials and advanced assay designs to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity for clinically relevant analytes. Key neurotransmitters implicated in depression, such as serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate, can be accurately measured via biosensors, providing insights into the effects of antidepressant treatments on neurotransmission.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells: a novel approach to combat burn wound infections.

The most prevalent and harmful injuries are burns, which are still a major global health problem. Burn injuries can cause issues because they boost the inflammatory and metabolic response, which can cause organ malfunction and systemic failure. On the other hand, a burn wound infection creates an environment that is conducive to the growth of bacteria and might put the patient at risk for sepsis.

Exploring Co-expression Modules-Traits Correlation through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis: A Promising Approach in Wound Healing Research.

Background: The skin is the biggest organ in the body and has several important functions in protection and regulation. However, wound development can disrupt the natural healing process, leading to challenges such as chronic wounds, persistent infections, and impaired angiogenesis. These issues not only affect individuals' well-being but also pose significant economic burdens on healthcare systems.

Janus Films Wound Dressing Comprising Electrospun Gelatin/PCL Nanofibers and Gelatin/Honey/Curcumin Thawed Layer.

A promising approach for wound treatment is using multilayer wound dressings that offer multifunctional properties. In this study, a bilayered electrospun/hydrogel gelatin-based scaffold integrated with honey and curcumin was developed to treat wounds under an in vivo study. The first layer consisted of an enzymatic cross-linked gelatin hydrogel containing honey and curcumin, which gelatin/PCL nanofibers reinforced.

Enhanced antitumor immunity in breast cancer: Synergistic effects of ADAM10/ADAM17 inhibition, metabolic modulation, and camptothecin-loaded selenium nanoparticles.

Background: In this study, we investigate the impact of a multi-targeted therapeutic approach that includes camptothecin (CPT), a potent chemotherapeutic topoisomerase inhibitor; metformin (Met), a metabolic modulator with emerging anti-tumor effects; and GW280264X, an inhibitor of ADAM 10/ADAM 17 enzymes, which are associated with tumor invasion and immune response. The study aims to assess the combined effects of these agents in enhancing CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and suppressing cancer cell growth in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models, both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Cell viability was performed on the 4 T1 human TNBC cell line.

A biomimetic injectable chitosan/alginate hydrogel biocopmosites encapsulating selenium- folic acid nanoparticles for regeneration of spinal cord injury: An in vitro study.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) poses significant challenges to regenerative medicine due to its limited self-repair capabilities. In this study, we engineered a biomimetic injectable hydrogel using modified chitosan and alginate biopolymers encapsulating selenium-folic acid nanoparticles (Se-FA NPs) to facilitate SCI regeneration. The hydrogel exhibited a unique porous structure attributed to the incorporation of nanofiber fragments, enhancing its biocompatibility and bioactivity.

Bioinspired synthetic peptide-based biomaterials regenerate bone through biomimicking of extracellular matrix.

There have been remarkable advancements in regenerative medicine for bone regeneration, tackling the worldwide health concern of tissue loss. Tissue engineering uses the body's natural capabilities and applies biomaterials and bioactive molecules to replace damaged or lost tissues and restore their functionality. While synthetic ceramics have overcome some challenges associated with allografts and xenografts, they still need essential growth factors and biomolecules.

Galloway-mowat syndrome 3 (GAMOS3): a novel disease-causing variant in OSGEP gene and expansion of the clinical spectrum.

Introduction: Galloway-Mowat syndrome type 3 (GAMOS3) is a rare genetic disorder with renal and neurological complications caused by pathogenic variants in the OSGEP gene. Here, we report the molecular basis and clinical features in an Iranian family.

Methods: Our proband, a 10-month-old female patient, presented with microcephaly, global developmental delay, lower limb spasticity, facial dysmorphisms, and renal tubulopathy.

The Significance of Paying Attention to Medical Emergencies in Medical Diagnostic Laboratories in Iran.

Medical diagnostic laboratories as high-risk environments are often exposed to unpredictable situations such as patient fainting, blood pressure drops, chemical spills, and burns. These life-threatening events defined as medical emergencies and necessitate urgent actions. Hence, determining the most common medical emergencies in medical laboratories, so understanding and planning strategies to effective management seems to be crucial.

MicroRNA biosensors for detection of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health condition characterized by gradual kidney function loss. Early detection is crucial for the effective management and treatment of CKD. A promising biomarker for various diseases, including chronic kidney disease, is microRNAs (miRNAs), which are becoming increasingly important due to their stability and differential expression in various disease-related states, including CKD.

Small but mighty: nanoemulsion particle size dictates bone regeneration potential of FTY720.

The burgeoning field of nano-bone regeneration is yet to establish a definitive optimal particle size for nanocarriers. This study investigated the impacts of nanocarrier's particle size on the bone regeneration efficacy of fingolimod (FTY720)-loaded nanoemulsions. Two distinct particle sizes (60 and 190 nm, designated as NF60 and NF190, respectively) were produced using low-energy and high-energy emulsion techniques, maintaining a consistent surfactant, co-surfactant, and oil.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of vanillic acid improves nephrotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite in mice.

This study examined the potential of vanillic acid (VA) to protect against renal oxidative stress and inflammation caused by sodium arsenite (SA) in mice. Mice were assigned to five groups: control, VA (100 mg/kg), SA (50 ppm in drinking water for 8 weeks), and SA + VA (50 and 100 mg/kg orally in the 7th and 8th weeks). After the experiment was ended, the Mice were sacrificed and serum and renal tissue samples were collected for additional assessments.

Brain region-specific neural activation by low-dose opioid promotes social behavior.

The opioid system plays crucial roles in modulating social behaviors in both humans and animals. However, the pharmacological profiles of opioids regarding social behavior and their therapeutic potential remain unclear. Multiple pharmacological, behavioral, and immunohistological c-Fos mapping approaches were used to characterize the effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists on social behavior and investigate the mechanisms in naive mice and autism spectrum disorder-like (ASD-like) mouse models, such as prenatally valproic acid-treated mice and Fmr1-KO mice.

Alterations in the expression of serum-derived exosome-enclosed inflammatory microRNAs in Covid-19 patients.

Introduction: MicroRNAs in exosomes play a role in biological processes such as inflammation and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In EMT, epithelial cells undergo phenotypic changes and become similar to mesenchymal cells. EMT increases the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.

Association between , , , and gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk.

Aim: In this study, we examined the polymorphisms of (rs13252298, rs1456315), (rs4848320) (rs7158663), (rs7853346) genes in BC patients and compared it with healthy individuals in an Iranian population.

Method: The assessment of genetic polymorphisms was conducted using PCR - RFLP and PCR-Tetra ARMS methods.

Results & Conclusion: The results showed that Codominant, Dominant and G allele of rs13252298 polymorphism and Dominant of rs1456315 polymorphism are correlated with increased risk of BC.

Correlation between Phenotype and Coagulation Factor Activity Level in Rare Bleeding Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Rare bleeding disorders (RBDs) represent 3 to 5% of congenital bleeding disorders and are primarily inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with increased prevalence in consanguineous populations. Clinically, RBDs can be accompanied by mild to severe bleeding episodes, often assessed using bleeding assessment tools (BATs) such as the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH)-BAT. However, the correlation between bleeding severity and coagulation factor activity levels remains inconsistent.

EPIC Technique Spinal Procedure Improves Ocular Motion and Dizziness by Resolving Cranial Nerve VI Palsy.

Unlabelled: This case study demonstrates that craniocervical spinal alignment with the EPIC technique spinal procedure appears to have a potential positive impact on ocular function. This paper will report the case of a patient with cranial nerve VI palsy and dizziness, and the clinical improvements following treatment with the soundwave technology of the EPIC technique spinal procedure [1].

Objective: To report the case of a patient with cranial nerve VI (CN VI) palsy and the clinical changes that occurred after receiving treatment using the EPIC (Evolutionary Percussion Instrument Corrections) technique spinal procedure.

In Vitro Antileishmanial and Immune Modulation of Trigonelline Against Leishmania major.

The mechanistic study of new pharmaceutical compounds is crucial for evaluating their efficacy, identifying potential side effects, and optimising drug formulations. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of trigonelline on the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). An initial in silico study was conducted to examine the pharmacological effects of trigonelline using molecular docking to evaluate the potential binding affinity of trigonelline with nitrate, a crucial molecule in the macrophage immune response against Leishmania.