Dual Functional Electroconductive Biofortified Electrospun Scaffold Functionalized With MWCNTs and Bacopa Monnieri for Accelerated Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) often lead to semi or complete loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions. Although autografts are still the best option for PNI repair, their use is restricted due to the morbidity and availability of donor nerves. Because electrospun scaffolds may replicate the structure of native extracellular matrix (ECM), they provide a viable alternative.

Regulation of the immune microenvironment by SUMO in diabetes mellitus.

Post-translational modifications such as SUMOylation are crucial for the functionality and signal transduction of a diverse array of proteins. Analogous to ubiquitination, SUMOylation has garnered significant attention from researchers and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases in recent years, such as cancer, neurological lesions, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and so on. The pathogenesis of diabetes, particularly type 1 and type 2 diabetes, has been closely associated with immune dysfunction, which constitutes the primary focus of this review.

Mapping the landscape of vitamin D in cancer studies: a systematic global investigation.

Purpose: This comprehensive study examines the multifaceted relationship between vitamin D and cancer, synthesizing key scientific advancements and global research trends to guide future investigations and address critical gaps in the field.

Methods: Publications on vitamin D and cancer were retrieved from Scopus up to November 2024. English-language original and review articles were analyzed using Excel, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica, focusing on publication trends, citation impacts, and research themes.

Influence of lifestyle and the circadian clock on reproduction.

Background: The biological reproductive process requires the precise coordination of annual and daily signals to adapt to environmental shifts. Humans and animals have developed shared neuroendocrine systems that have adapted to process daily and seasonal light signals within the hypothalamic-pituitary -gonadal axis. However, the stability of circadian and seasonal biological processes is at risk due to industrialization and contemporary round-the-clock lifestyles.

Independent Predictors of Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Resistin Levels in Subjects with Obesity: Associations with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Metabolic Parameters.

Obesity contributes to cardiometabolic risk, including subclinical atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. This study examines the predictive roles of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and resistin in relation to carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic parameters; : Sixty adults (18-71 years) with varying body weights were assessed for body composition, subclinical atherosclerosis, and blood biomarkers, including TMAO and resistin; : TMAO correlated strongly with CIMT (r = 0.674, < 0.

SERPINA3: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Diabetes-Related Cognitive Impairment Identified Through Integrated Machine Learning and Molecular Docking Analysis.

Diabetes-related cognitive impairment (DCI) is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms hindering effective therapeutic development. This study identified SERPINA3 as a potential therapeutic target for DCI through integrated machine learning and molecular docking analyses. Transcriptomic data from cortical neuronal samples of T2DM patients were analysed using support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, revealing SERPINA3 as a significantly upregulated gene in DCI.

Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Features Associated with Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) in Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD).

Purpose: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an L Group Langerhans histiocytosis associated with pathogenic variants within the MAPK pathways, most commonly the gene. We analyzed prevalence, genetic, biochemical, and pituitary imaging features associated with arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), one of the most common endocrinopathies in ECD.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 61 subjects with ECD was conducted at a clinical research center from January 2011 to December 2018, with molecular genetics, baseline biochemical and pituitary endocrine function studies, and dedicated pituitary MRI (or CT) studies.

Validation of the International Medullary Thyroid Cancer Grading System and Identification of EZH2 as a Prognostic and Potential Therapeutic Marker in Medullary Thyroid Cancer.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a heterogeneous disease. While the International MTC Grading System (IMTCGS) provides baseline risk stratification, it lacks therapeutic relevance. In several cancers, EZH2 overexpression harbors an adverse prognosis, with several EZH2 inhibitors undergoing investigation.

Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer in Tuscany (Central Italy) 2013-2017: Not Just Overdiagnosis.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence continues to rise worldwide [...

Dapagliflozin attenuates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by inhibiting lipid accumulation, inflammation and liver fibrosis.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as a globally prevalent liver disease, closely linked to the rising incidence of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Dapagliflozin (DaPa), a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, is primarily prescribed for diabetes management. It has shown potential efficacy in managing MASLD in clinical settings.

Mapping variants in thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 to disease severity by genomic, phenotypic, functional, structural and deep learning integration.

Predicting and quantifying phenotypic consequences of genetic variants in rare disorders is a major challenge, particularly pertinent for 'actionable' genes such as thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 (encoded by the X-linked SLC16A2 gene), where loss-of-function (LoF) variants cause a rare neurodevelopmental and (treatable) metabolic disorder in males. The combination of deep phenotyping data with functional and computational tests and with outcomes in population cohorts, enabled us to: (i) identify the genetic aetiology of divergent clinical phenotypes of MCT8 deficiency with genotype-phenotype relationships present across survival and 24 out of 32 disease features; (ii) demonstrate a mild phenocopy in ~400,000 individuals with common genetic variants in MCT8; (iii) assess therapeutic effectiveness, which did not differ among LoF-categories; (iv) advance structural insights in normal and mutated MCT8 by delineating seven critical functional domains; (v) create a pathogenicity-severity MCT8 variant classifier that accurately predicted pathogenicity (AUC:0.91) and severity (AUC:0.

Fat absorption and metabolism after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Triacylglycerol (TAG) plasma excursions after a high-fat meal are blunted after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied TAG absorption and metabolism in 12 RYGB-operated individuals and 12 unoperated controls (CON) matched on sex, age, and BMI.

Methods: Participants followed a 7-day controlled diet and on day 4 underwent H-MR Spectroscopy of liver TAG and a high-fat liquid meal with oral and intravenous labeled stable isotope metabolites, subcutaneous abdominal fat biopsies, and indirect calorimetry.

The antitumor effects of metformin are potentially mediated through LPA receptor inhibition.

Aims: Although metformin has antitumor effects, the detailed mechanism of action, particularly with respect to the cellular responses mediated through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), remains unclear.

Methods And Results: Here, we assayed a panel of 200 GPCRs in cells treated with metformin and reported that signaling through several receptors, including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors, was suppressed. Metformin significantly attenuated LPA-induced intracellular Ca mobilization in LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1)-, 2 (LPAR2)-, and 3 (LPAR3)-transfected rat hepatoma RH7777 cells.

Heme metabolism mediates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

Bone undergoes life-long remodelling, in which disorders of bone remodelling could occur in many pathological conditions including osteoporosis. Understanding the cellular metabolism of osteoclasts is key to developing new treatments for osteoporosis, a disease that affects over 200 million women worldwide per annum. We found that human osteoclast differentiation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from 8 female patients is featured with a distinct gene expression profile of mitochondrial biogenesis.

The inhibitory effect of Astragalus flavone extract on hyperuricemia and its underlying molecular mechanism by targeting JNK/AP-1/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway.

Background: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease disturbing human health caused by the overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid (UA). Astragalus is the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, has notable regulatory effect on chronic nephritis, proteinuria and spontaneous sweating, suggesting it could be a potential anti-HUA agent.

Coach-Assisted eHealth With Group or Individual Support for Employees With Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial on Weight, Body Composition, and Health Metrics.

Background: Acceptance and commitment therapy provides a psychobehavioral framework feasible for digital and hybrid weight loss interventions. In face-to-face studies, group-based interventions yield more favorable outcomes than individual interventions, but the effect of the intervention form has not been studied in combination with eHealth.

Objective: This study investigated whether a minimal, 3-session group or individual enhancement could provide additional benefits compared to an eHealth-only intervention when assessing weight, body composition, and laboratory metrics in a sample of occupational health patients with obesity.

CD3+ T-cell: CD14+ monocyte complexes are dynamic and increased with HIV and glucose intolerance.

Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with an elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the characteristics of the innate and adaptive immune systems in individuals who develop these conditions remain poorly defined. Doublets, or cell-cell complexes, are routinely eliminated from flow cytometric and other immune phenotyping analyses, which limits our understanding of their relationship to disease states.

Spheroids Composed of Reaggregated Neonatal Porcine Islets and Human Endothelial Cells Accelerate Development of Normoglycemia in Diabetic Mice.

The engraftment of transplanted islets depends on the rapid establishment of a novel vascular network. The present study evaluated the effects of cord blood-derived blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) on the viability of neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) and the post-transplant outcome of grafted NPIs. Dispersed NPIs and human BOECs were reaggregated on microwell cell culture plates and tested for their anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic capacity by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Endothelial Serotonin Receptor 1B Acts as a Mechanosensor to Drive Atherosclerosis.

Background: Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of fatty and fibrotic plaques, which preferentially develop at curvatures and branches along the arterial trees that are exposed to disturbed flow. However, the mechanisms by which endothelial cells sense disturbed flow are still unclear.

Methods: The partial carotid ligation mouse model was used to investigate disturbed flow-induced atherogenesis.

POGZ targeted by LINC01355/miR-27b-3p retards thyroid cancer progression via interplaying with MAD2L2.

Unlabelled: Despite the high morbidity of thyroid cancer (THCA), the underlying molecular pathology remains elusive. That autism-associated protein POGZ has recently been involved in tumorigenesis intrigues us exploring its relevant molecular regulatory network in THCA. Clinical characteristics and intermolecular relationships were dissected by bioinformatics.

Case Report: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1 with a novel mutation combined with Gitelman syndrome and a review of the literature.

Introduction: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an inactivating mutation in the gene, while Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder resulting from a pathogenic mutation in the gene. Both genetic disorders are relatively rare. This report presents a patient with both FHH and GS, exhibiting unique clinical and genetic complexities.

Time-varying cost-effectiveness analysis of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in Chinese patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: A microsimulation of the real-world population.

Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed time-varying effects in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but corresponding cost-effectiveness in different timeframes remained poorly understood. This study estimated the time-varying cost-effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFrEF from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Methods: Based on real-world individual patient data, a 2-year microsimulation model was constructed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding SGLT2 inhibitors to standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone among patients with HFrEF.

Reassessing the role of the p.(Arg304Gln) missense AIP variant in pituitary tumorigenesis.

Objective: Heterozygous germline loss-of-function variants in AIP are associated with young-onset growth hormone and/or prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours. However, the pathogenic role of the c.911G>A; p.