The Role of GFAP in Post-Mortem Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in forensic settings where determining the cause of death and timing of injury is critical. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker specific to astrocytes, has emerged as a valuable tool in post-mortem analyses of TBI. A PRISMA-based literature search included studies examining GFAP in human post-mortem samples such as brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and urine.

A Review of the Mycotoxin Family of Fumonisins, Their Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Methods of Detection and Effects on Humans and Animals.

Fumonisins, a class of mycotoxins predominantly produced by species, represent a major threat to food safety and public health due to their widespread occurrence in staple crops including peanuts, wine, rice, sorghum, and mainly in maize and maize-based food and feed products. Although fumonisins occur in different groups, the fumonisin B series, particularly fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2), are the most prevalent and toxic in this group of mycotoxins and are of public health significance due to the many debilitating human and animal diseases and mycotoxicosis they cause and their classification as by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a class 2B carcinogen (probable human carcinogen). This has made them one of the most regulated mycotoxins, with stringent regulatory limits on their levels in food and feeds destined for human and animal consumption, especially maize and maize-based products.

Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Key Changes in the Genome of That Occurred During Classical Strain Improvement for Production of Antibiotic Cephalosporin C.

From the 1950s to the present, the main tool for obtaining fungal industrial producers of secondary metabolites remains the so-called classical strain improvement (CSI) methods associated with multi-round random mutagenesis and screening for the level of target products. As a result of the application of such techniques, the yield of target secondary metabolites in high-yielding (HY) strains was increased hundreds of times compared to the wild-type (WT) parental strains. However, the events that occur at the molecular level during CSI programs are still unknown.

Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genomes of the (Styracaceae) Species: Providing Insights into Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships.

is a member of the Styracaceae family, which is well-known for its remarkable ornamental and medicinal properties. In this research, we conducted comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes from four samples of representing . The results demonstrated that the chloroplast genome of four samples ranging from 157,103 bp to 158,357 bp exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, including one large single-copy (LSC) region (90,131 bp to 90,342 bp), one small single-copy (SSC) region (18,467 bp to 18,785 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRs) (24,115 bp to 24,261 bp).

S6K2 in Focus: Signaling Pathways, Post-Translational Modifications, and Computational Analysis.

S6 Kinase 2 (S6K2) is a key regulator of cellular signaling and is crucial for cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This review is divided into two parts: the first focuses on the complex network of upstream effectors, downstream modulators, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate S6K2 activity. We emphasize the dynamic nature of S6K2 regulation, highlighting its critical role in cellular homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target in diseases like cancer.

Integrative Targeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanism of Leaf Coloration in 'Sakimp005'.

One of the most important characteristics of ornamental plants is leaf color, which enhances the color of plant landscapes and attracts pollinators for reproduction. The leaves of 'Sakimp005' are initially green, then the middle part appears yellow, then gradually become white, while the edge remains green. In the study, leaves of 'Sakimp005', in four developmental stages (S1-G, S2-C, S3-C, and S4-C), were selected for the determination of pigment content, chromaticity values, integrative metabolomics, and transcriptomics analyses.

Exploring the Binding Mechanism of ADGRG2 Through Metadynamics and Biochemical Analysis.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play essential roles in numerous physiological processes and are key targets for drug development. Among them, adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) stand out for their unique domain structures and diverse functions. ADGRG2 is a member of the aGPCR family and is involved in the regulation of various systems in the human body, including reproductive, nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems.

Lipid Profile of Mayr in Adaptation to Natural Conditions in the Cryolithozone.

The prevalence of coniferous trees in the forest landscapes of northeastern Siberia is conditioned by their high frost resistance. The Kajander larch ( Mayr), which can survive under natural conditions (down to -60 °C) in the cryolithozone of Yakutia, is the dominant forest-forming species. We hypothesise that our study using HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD, TLC-GC/FID, and GC-MS methods of seasonal features of the lipid profile of Kajander larch tissues will bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms of participation of lipid components in the adaptation of this valuable tree species to the cold climate of the cryolithozone.

Polystyrene Microplastics Induce Photosynthetic Impairment in sp. at Physiological and Transcriptomic Levels.

The rising concentration of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments poses increasing ecological risks, yet their impacts on biological communities remain largely unrevealed. This study investigated how aminopolystyrene microplastics (PS-NH) affect physiology and gene expression using the freshwater alga sp. as the test species.

Newly Initiated Statin Treatment Is Associated with Decreased Plasma Coenzyme Q10 Level After Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a crucial role in facilitating electron transport during oxidative phosphorylation, thus contributing to cellular energy production. Statin treatment causes a decrease in CoQ10 levels in muscle tissue as well as in serum, which may contribute to the musculoskeletal side effects. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of newly initiated statin treatment on serum CoQ10 levels after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and the correlation of CoQ10 levels with key biomarkers of subclinical or clinically overt myopathy.

Alpinetin Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in C57BL/6 Mice with Alcoholic Liver Disease Induced by the Lieber-DeCarli Ethanol Liquid Diet.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common non-communicable chronic liver disease characterized by a spectrum of conditions ranging from steatosis and alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (AH) to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of ALD involves a complex interplay of various molecular, biochemical, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. While the mechanisms are well studied, therapeutic options remain limited.

Effective Targeting of Glutamine Synthetase with Amino Acid Analogs as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Breast Cancer.

Cancer cells undergo metabolic rewiring to support rapid proliferation and survival in challenging environments. Glutamine is a preferred resource for cancer metabolism, as it provides both carbon and nitrogen for cellular biogenesis. Recent studies suggest the potential anticancer activity of amino acid analogs.

Quantitative Determination of a Series of Oxysterols by an Optimized LC-MS/MS Analysis in Different Tissue Types.

Oxysterols, as metabolites of cholesterol, play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis, autophagosome formation, and regulation of immune responses. Disorders in oxysterol metabolism are closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. To systematically investigate the profound molecular regulatory mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, it is necessary to quantify oxysterols and their metabolites in central and peripheral biospecimens simultaneously and accurately.

Domain Mobility in the ORF2p Complex Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Big Data Analysis.

ORF2p (open reading frame 2 protein) is a multifunctional multidomain enzyme that demonstrates both reverse transcriptase and endonuclease activities and is associated with the pathophysiology of cancer. The 3D structure of the entire seven-domain ORF2p complex was revealed with the recent achievements in structural studies. The different arrangements of the CTD (carboxy-terminal domain) and tower domains were identified as the "closed-ring" and "open-ring" conformations, which differed by the hairpin position of the tower domain, but the structural diversity of these complexes has the potential to be more extensive.

Advances in DNA/RNA Sequencing and Their Applications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy that poses significant challenges due to high rates of relapse and resistance to treatment, particularly in older populations. While therapeutic advances have been made, survival outcomes remain suboptimal. The evolution of DNA and RNA sequencing technologies, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES), and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), has significantly enhanced our understanding of AML at the molecular level.

Unusual Genomic and Biochemical Features of sp. nov-A Novel Bacterial Species Isolated from Anthill Soil.

The black garden ant () is a widely distributed species across Europe, North America, and North Africa, playing a pivotal role in ecological processes within its diverse habitats. However, the microbiome associated with remains poorly investigated. In the present study, we isolated a novel species, , from the soil of the anthill.

Neurofilament Light Protein as a Biomarker in Severe Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Severe mental disorders (SMDs), such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), are heterogeneous psychiatric diseases that impose a significant societal burden due to their chronic disabling nature. There are no objective and reliable diagnostic tests for SMDs; thus, there is an urgent need for specific biomarkers to improve diagnosis, treatment, and resource allocation. Neurofilaments, found in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, offer reliable diagnostic and prognostic potential.

Molecular Identification of Species in Ticks Infesting Hedgehogs ( and ) in North-Western Poland.

The western European hedgehog () and the northern white-breasted hedgehog () are natural hosts of the tick , the vector of tick-borne pathogens such as the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease. The aim of this study was to identify these pathogens in ticks collected from hedgehogs in northwestern Poland and to assess their genetic diversity by molecular analysis of the detected pathogens based on the gene and the intergenic spacer. Among 101 hedgehogs examined, 737 ticks were found on 56 (55.

Investigation of Active Components of (Maxim.) Franch in Mitigating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly emerged as the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, representing a significant and escalating public health challenge. (Maxim.) Franch, a traditional Tibetan medicinal herb used for treating hepatitis, remains largely unexplored regarding its therapeutic potential and active components in combating NAFLD.

Single Disulfide Bond in Host Defense Thanatin Analog Peptides: Antimicrobial Activity, Atomic-Resolution Structures and Target Interactions.

Host defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising lead molecules with which to develop antibiotics against drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Thanatin, an inducible antimicrobial peptide involved in the host defense of insects, is gaining considerable attention in the generation of novel classes of antibiotics. Thanatin or thanatin-based analog peptides are extremely potent in killing bacterial pathogens in the Enterobacteriaceae family, including drug-resistant strains of and .

Compare Analysis of Codon Usage Bias of Nuclear Genome in Eight Sapindaceae Species.

Codon usage bias (CUB) refers to the different frequencies with which various codons are utilized within a genome. Examining CUB is essential for understanding genome structure, function, and evolution. However, little was known about codon usage patterns and the factors influencing the nuclear genomes of eight ecologically significant Sapindaceae species widely utilized for food and medicine.

The Interplay Between High Cumulative Doses of Radioactive Iodine and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Complex Cardiovascular Challenge.

Starting from the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we hypothesized that the mechanisms of ¹³¹I-induced cardiotoxicity differ between patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with/without T2DM, with metformin potentially acting as a cardioprotective agent by mitigating inflammation in patients with T2DM. To address this hypothesis, we quantified, using ELISA, the serum concentration of several key biomarkers that reflect cardiac injury (NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, ST2/IL-33R, and cTn I) in 74 female patients with DTC/-T2DM and 25 with DTC/+T2DM treated with metformin. All patients received a cumulative oral dose of I exceeding 150 mCi (5.

Evaluation of as a Feed Additive in Low-Protein Diets of Broilers.

is a natural antioxidant product that has the ability to improve the performance of poultry. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of using as a feed additive in broiler diets. A total of 252 daily male Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to six groups.

TP53I11 Functions Downstream of Multiple MicroRNAs to Increase ER Calcium Levels and Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation.

Cells meticulously regulate free calcium ion (Ca) concentrations, with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) being crucial for Ca homeostasis. Disruptions in ER Ca balance can contribute to various diseases, including cancer. Although considerable research has focused on the direct mechanisms of ER Ca regulation, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process remains underexplored.

Urinary Proteome Characterization of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Hypertension is a multifactorial and complex disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and it has become one of the most serious public health challenges. This study aimed to investigate the changes in hypertension based on urinary proteome. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs) model was used to examined urinary proteome changes during the development of hypertension.