- The study explored two methods for removing rhodamine B from water: adsorption using biochar from olive stones (OSB), achieving a 97.79% removal rate, and coagulation-flocculation with FeCl, which performed best at a dosage of 2000 mg/L and pH of 2.
- The adsorption process using OSB was found to be spontaneous and beneficial, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 11.82 mg/g and the ability to reuse the biochar for four cycles.
- A combined method utilizing both coagulation-flocculation and adsorption was tested, leading to improved removal efficiency compared to either method alone, highlighting the advantages of integrating the two processes.