Neurocognitive impact of different irradiation modalities for patients with grade I-II skull base meningioma: a prospective multi-arm cohort study (CANCER COG).

Background: Radiotherapy as a complement or an alternative to neurosurgery has a central role in the treatment of skull base grade I-II meningiomas. Radiotherapy techniques have improved considerably over the last two decades, becoming more effective and sparing more and more the healthy tissue surrounding the tumour. Currently, hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for small tumours and normo-fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or proton-therapy (PT) for larger tumours are the most widely used techniques.

Ambient air pollution and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a global study between 1990 and 2019.

Background: Emerging research found air pollution may be associated with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. However, few studies have examined these associations at the global scale. This study aimed to assess the dynamic associations between ambient air pollution and the burden of AD and other dementias worldwide.

scSMD: a deep learning method for accurate clustering of single cells based on auto-encoder.

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has transformed biological research by offering new insights into cellular heterogeneity, developmental processes, and disease mechanisms. As scRNA-seq technology advances, its role in modern biology has become increasingly vital. This study explores the application of deep learning to single-cell data clustering, with a particular focus on managing sparse, high-dimensional data.

Engineering synthetic signaling receptors to enable erythropoietin-free erythropoiesis.

Blood transfusion plays a vital role in modern medicine, but frequent shortages occur. Ex vivo manufacturing of red blood cells (RBCs) from universal donor cells offers a potential solution, yet the high cost of recombinant cytokines remains a barrier. Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling is crucial for RBC development, and EPO is among the most expensive media components.

Social mixing patterns of United States healthcare personnel at a quaternary health center: a prospective observational study.

Background: Understanding healthcare personnel's (HCP) contact patterns are important to mitigate healthcare-associated infectious disease transmission. Little is known about how HCP contact patterns change over time or during outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This study in a large United States healthcare system examined the social contact patterns of HCP via standardized social contact diaries.

Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Lung Cancer Management: A Review.

With the continuous advancements in modern medicine, significant progress has been made in the treatment of lung cancer. Current standard treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, have notably improved patient survival. However, the adverse effects associated with these therapies limit their use and impact the overall treatment process.

Self-reported determinants for subjective financial distress: a qualitative interview study with German cancer patients.

Objectives: Patient-reported financial effects of a tumour disease in a universal healthcare setting are a multidimensional phenomenon. Actual and anticipated objective financial burden caused by direct medical and non-medical costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of income can lead to subjective financial distress. To better understand subjective financial distress, the presented study explores self-reported determinants for subjective financial distress in German patients with cancer, aiming to inform a new German-language patient-reported outcome measure for determining the financial effects of a tumour disease.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of (E)-1-(4-(2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)vinyl)phenyl) derivatives as next generation selective RET inhibitors overcoming RET solvent front mutations (G810C/R).

RET is a well-recognized drug target for cancer treatment. Despite the promising efficacy of selective second-generation RET inhibitors Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib, the clinical benefits have been compromised due to the quickly developed resistance to these drugs. RET G810 mutations at the solvent front site have been identified as the major on-target mutations contributing to resistance against Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib.

Prolgolimab with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Prolgolimab is an IgG1 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody with the Fc-silencing 'LALA' mutation. The phase III DOMAJOR study assessed efficacy and safety of prolgolimab in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy vs placebo in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: 292 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to receive 4 cycles of pemetrexed, platinum-based drug and either prolgolimab (3 mg/kg Q3W) or placebo followed by prolgolimab/placebo with pemetrexed until disease progression or toxicity (≤36 months).

Unlocking the potential of : A breakthrough in liver cancer treatment Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation.

Liver cancer remains a significant global health challenge, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Despite advancements in medical treatments, the prognosis for liver cancer patients remains poor, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), particularly (CB), has shown promise in addressing this need due to its multi-target therapeutic mechanisms.

Vascularised Composite Allotransplantation - A guide to optimal dissemination of scientific outputs.

Purpose: The impact of academic research is not just important within the clinical domain but within society as a whole. Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) offers a means of assessing how scholarly outputs are interacted with online. Vascularised Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) is a modern but rapidly evolving topic which encompasses a broad range of complex and clinically significant surgical interventions.

Survival improvements in patients with melanoma brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease in the modern era: Insights from a nationwide study (2015-2022).

Introduction: Advances in modern therapies have improved outcomes for patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM), though prognosis remains poor. The optimal treatment strategy for patients who do not meet clinical trial inclusion criteria is unclear.

Methods: This study included all patients with MBM diagnosed in Denmark between 2015 and 2022, identified through the Danish Metastatic Melanoma Database (DAMMED) and local surgical and radiotherapy records.

Long-Term Impact of Using Mobile Phones and Playing Computer Games on the Brain Structure and the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Large Population-Based Study.

Background: Despite the increasing popularity of electronic devices, the longitudinal effects of daily prolonged electronic device usage on brain health and the aging process remain unclear.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the daily use of mobile phones/computers on the brain structure and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods: We used data from the UK Biobank, a longitudinal population-based cohort study, to analyze the impact of mobile phone use duration, weekly usage time, and playing computer games on the future brain structure and the future risk of various neurodegenerative diseases, including all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), all-cause parkinsonism (ACP), and Parkinson disease (PD).

The Risk of Postoperative Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture After Total Hip Arthroplasty Depends More on Stem Design Than Cement Use: An Analysis of National Health Data from England.

Background: In this study, we estimated the risk of surgically treated postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (POPFFs) associated with femoral implants frequently used for total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: In this cohort study of patients who underwent primary THA in England between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2020, POPFFs were identified from prospectively collected revision records and national hospital records. POPFF incidence rates, adjusting for potential confounders, were estimated for common stems.

Mental health challenges and perceptions of stigma among youth living with HIV in Tanzania.

Youth living with HIV (YLWH) face psychosocial challenges and HIV-related stigma, which impact adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study was designed to understand better the change in mental health symptoms and experiences with stigma among YLWH in Tanzania who completed the original pilot Sauti ya Vijana (SYV), a mental health and life skills group intervention. YLWH who completed SYV and demonstrated a change of ≥2 points in either direction on their Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 (depression screener) from baseline to 18 months were purposively sampled.

The Posterior Ligamentous Complex: Anatomic and Biomechanical Considerations in Injury Classification and Management.

The posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) provides critical structural support in the thoracolumbar spine. Its role in resisting progressive flexion is particularly important at the thoracolumbar junction due to the transition from the rigid thoracic spine to the more mobile lumbar region. Each component of the PLC contains anatomic features that contribute to both the structure and function of the PLC as a whole.

Temperature Exposure and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents From 2 European Birth Cohorts.

Importance: Climate change can adversely affect mental health, but the association of ambient temperature with psychiatric symptoms remains poorly understood.

Objective: To assess the association of ambient temperature exposure with internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems in adolescents from 2 population-based birth cohorts in Europe.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed data from the Dutch Generation R Study and the Spanish INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) Project.

c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase ProE interacts with quorum sensing protein PqsE to promote pyocyanin production in .

The universal bacterial second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) plays critical roles in regulating a variety of bacterial functions such as biofilm formation and virulence. The metabolism of c-di-GMP is inversely controlled by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Recently, increasing studies suggested that the protein-protein interactions between DGCs/PDEs and their partners appear to be a common way to achieve specific regulation.

Agency in young people's unsafe abortion trajectories in Papua New Guinea.

Unsafe abortion is a preventable contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly for young unmarried women in low resource settings. In Papua New Guinea, abortion is legally restricted and highly stigmatised, limiting access to safe abortion and post-abortion care, resulting in unsafe abortion. This paper explores young people's lived experiences and agency in relation to unsafe abortion.

Recovery support services as part of the continuum of care for alcohol or drug use disorders.

Background: The definition of 'recovery' has evolved beyond merely control of problem substance use to include other aspects of health and wellbeing (known as 'recovery capital') which are important to prevent relapse to problematic alcohol or other drug (AOD) use. Developing a Recovery Oriented System of Care (ROSC) requires consideration of interventions or services (Recovery Support Services, RSS) designed to build recovery capital which are often delivered alongside established treatment structures. Lived experience and its application to the process of engaging people, changing behaviour and relapse prevention is an essential part of these services.

Integrating digital technologies in dental technician education: A comparative study of national examination in Asian countries.

Background/purpose: The integration of digital technologies in dental technician education revolutionized the profession in Asian countries. Despite the growing adoption of digital methods, national examinations predominantly relied on traditional techniques. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of national examination standards and digital course integration in dental technician education among 5 countries including Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, the Philippines, and China.

A scientometric study of syphilis research by dermatologists and stomatologists: Underpinning their roles in public health.

Background/purpose: launched a call to action for dermatologists in the rise of syphilis. In practice, dermatologists and stomatologists perform early diagnoses of syphilis and refer patients to adequate treatment.

Materials And Methods: This scientometric study aimed to investigate and compare research trends and characteristics of syphilis publications by dermatologists and stomatologists in the Scopus database, with emphasis on the analysis of the keywords that can reflect research directions and topics of concern.

Phytic acid-based nanomedicine against mTOR represses lipogenesis and immune response for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis therapy.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases and is mainly caused by metabolic disorders and systemic inflammatory responses. Recent studies have indicated that the activation of the mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling participates in MASH progression by facilitating lipogenesis and regulating the immune microenvironment. Although several molecular medicines have been demonstrated to inhibit the phosphorylation or activation of mTOR, their poor specificity and side effects limit their clinical application in MASH treatment.