The effect of osteotomy depth and hinge axis orientation on biplanar surgical accuracy in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy-a deeper understanding by 3D simulations.

Background: Not all surgical osteotomy steps have been properly investigated for their potential impact on surgical accuracy. The main study objective was to investigate the osteotomy parameters that have respectively major and minor impact on coronal and sagittal bony accuracy in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO).

Methods: Three tibias from an existing 3D MOWHTO osteotomy database were chronologically selected based on segmentation quality, tibial plateau size and the presence of tibial varus.

Three-dimensional bone morphology is a risk factor for medial postmeniscectomy syndrome: A retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The study aims to identify differences in tibiofemoral joint morphology between responders (R group, no pain) to arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy (APMM) versus medial postmeniscectomy syndrome patients (MPMS group, recurrent pain at 2 years postmeniscectomy) in a clinically neutrally aligned patient population. The second aim was to build a morphology-based predictive algorithm for response to treatment (RTT) in APMM.

Methods: Two patient groups were identified from a large multicentre database of meniscectomy patients at 2 years of follow-up: the R group included 120 patients with a KOOS pain score > 75, and the MPMS group included 120 patients with a KOOS pain score ≤ 75.

Acellular Aragonite-Based Scaffold for the Treatment of Joint Surface Lesions of the Knee: A Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up Study.

Objective: A novel aragonite-based scaffold has been developed. In this study, mid-term clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results on 12 patients affected by isolated chondral or osteochondral lesions of the knee treated by the scaffold implantation have been evaluated at a mean follow-up of 6.5 (range: 5-8) years.

Automated Landmark Annotation for Morphometric Analysis of Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia.

Manual anatomical landmarking for morphometric knee bone characterization in orthopedics is highly time-consuming and shows high operator variability. Therefore, automation could be a substantial improvement for diagnostics and personalized treatments relying on landmark-based methods. Applications include implant sizing and planning, meniscal allograft sizing, and morphological risk factor assessment.

No clinical outcome difference between varus phenotypes after medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy at 2 years follow-up.

Purpose: Clinical studies regarding medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) often analyse a large group of mechanical varus knees rather than differentiating for its primary varus-inducing component. This study aims to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of the most prevalent varus malalignment phenotypes using the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classification.

Methods: MOWHTO cases with minimal 2-year clinical follow-up were retrospectively selected from a knee osteotomy database (2016-2020).

Impacted bone allograft personalised by a novel 3D printed customization kit produces high surgical accuracy in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: a pilot study.

Purpose: Contemporary medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) still seems to struggle with inconsistent accuracy outcomes. Our objective was to assess surgical accuracy and short-term clinical outcomes when using 3D planning and a patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) kit to prepare customized bone allografts.

Methods: Thirty subjects (age 48y ± 13) were included in a double-center prospective case series.

Autologous Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue (MFAT) to Treat Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: Early Outcomes of a Consecutive Case Series.

The study aimed to evaluate the short-term clinical effect, therapeutic response rate (TRR%), and therapy safety of a single intra-articular autologous MFAT injection for symptomatic knee OA. Secondly, patient- and pathology-related parameters were investigated to tighten patient selection for MFAT therapy. Sixty-four subjects with symptomatic mild-severe knee OA were enrolled in a single-center trial and received a unilateral ( = 37) or bilateral ( = 27) MFAT injection.

Small medial femoral condyle morphotype is associated with medial compartment degeneration and distinct morphological characteristics: a comparative pilot study.

Purpose: Early-onset degeneration of the knee is linked to genetics, overload, injury, and potentially, knee morphology. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of the small medial femoral condyle, as a distinct knee morphotype, by means of a landmark-based three-dimensional (3D) analysis and statistical parametric mapping.

Methods: Sixteen knees with a small medial femoral condyle (SMC) were selected from a database of patients with distinct knee joint anatomy and 16 gender-matched knees were selected from a control group database.

A landmark-based 3D analysis reveals a narrower tibial plateau and patella in trochlear dysplastic knees.

Purpose: The trochlear dysplastic femur has a specific morphotype previously characterised by not only dysplastic features of the trochlea but also by specific features of the notch and posterior femur. In this study the morphology of the tibia and patella was investigated to gain further insight in the complete geometrical complexity of the trochlear dysplastic knee.

Methods: Arthro-CT scan-based 3D models of 20 trochlear dysplastic and 20 normal knees were uniformly scaled and landmarks and landmark-based reference planes were created to quantify a series of morphometric characteristics of the tibia and patella.

Corrective osteotomy of distal radius malunions using three-dimensional computer simulation and patient-specific guides to achieve anatomic reduction.

Malunion is a common complication of distal radius fractures, especially those treated conservatively. In clinical studies, a significant correlation between anatomic reduction and wrist function has been shown. Corrective osteotomy is the preferred treatment for symptomatic cases, notwithstanding the technical challenges.

Corrective Osteotomy for Malunited Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures Using Preoperative 3-Dimensional Planning and Patient-Specific Surgical Guides and Implants.

Purpose: Three-dimensional planning based on computed tomography images of the malunited and the mirrored contralateral forearm allows preoperative simulations of corrective osteotomies, the fabrication of patient-specific osteotomy guides, and custom-made 3-dimensional printed titanium plates. This study aims to assess the precision and clinical outcome of this technique.

Methods: This was a prospective pilot study with 5 consecutive patients.

Effect of femoro-tibial component size mismatch on outcome in primary total knee replacement.

Background: Most total knee arthroplasty systems allow a degree of femoro-tibial component size mismatch. We aim to investigate the influence of size mismatch on outcome after primary total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: We reviewed 332 patients with cruciate-retaining Genesis II total knee arthroplasty with regard to femoro-tibial component size mismatch and Oxford Knee Score (OKS).

Reliability analysis of glenoid component inclination measurements on postoperative radiographs and computed tomography-based 3D models in total and reversed shoulder arthroplasty patients.

Background: Only a few articles describe the reproducibility and clinical feasibility of glenoid inclination measurements on conventional radiographs, and none of them validated their method in shoulder arthroplasty cases. From a clinical point of view, the angle measured between the supraspinatus fossa and the glenoid fossa line (angle β) appears to be the most interesting angle to assess glenoid inclination. This study aimed to validate the angle β in shoulder arthroplasty patients to facilitate the assessment of glenoid component inclination.

The effect of trochlear dysplasia on patellofemoral biomechanics: a cadaveric study with simulated trochlear deformities.

Background: Trochlear dysplasia appears in different geometrical variations. The Dejour classification is widely used to grade the severity of trochlear dysplasia and to decide on treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of trochlear dysplasia on patellofemoral biomechanics and to determine if different types of trochlear dysplasia have different effects on patellofemoral biomechanics.

The use of rapid prototyped implants to simulate knee joint abnormalities for in vitro testing: a validation study with replica implants of the native trochlea.

To investigate the biomechanical effect of skeletal knee joint abnormalities, the authors propose to implant pathologically shaped rapid prototyped implants in cadaver knee specimens. This new method was validated by replacing the native trochlea by a replica implant on four cadaver knees with the aid of cadaver-specific guiding instruments. The accuracy of the guiding instruments was assessed by measuring the rotational errors of the cutting planes (on average 3.

A statistical shape model of trochlear dysplasia of the knee.

Background: Trochlear dysplasia is known as the primary predisposing factor for patellar dislocation. Current methods to describe trochlear dysplasia are mainly qualitative or based on a limited number of discrete measurements. The purpose of this study is to apply statistical shape analysis to take the full geometrical complexity of trochlear dysplasia into account.