Imaging presentations of foreign bodies that make for a challenging diagnosis: pictorial essay.

Foreign bodies (FBs) can pose a diagnostic dilemma because a wide range of objects, comprising items incidentally detected or deliberately retained in the body, can be discovered on imaging investigations. Single or multiple FBs may be retained at different sites including the gastrointestinal tract, the genitourinary system, the respiratory tract, and the soft tissues, all of which warrant medical attention. More importantly, ensuing, serious complications related to harmful positioning of these objects can significantly hamper normal function of any involved organ system.

Nora Lesion (Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation): An Ultrasound Diagnosis with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlation.

Advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques are firmly established as a means of evaluating musculoskeletal disease, and ultrasound (US) is increasingly being used for the assessment of a diversity of tendon, joint, and soft-tissue abnormalities. A benign condition - bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) - arises from the periosteum, typically in the small bones of the hands and feet, and grows as a surface bone lesion in the surrounding soft tissue. Proliferations can become symptomatic, exercising mass effect on adjacent structures that may require operative management.

Fibrosarcoma with deceptive benign presentations: a report of two cases.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma are malignant soft tissue tumors, fibrosarcomas, of shared clinical and imaging appearances. We report sarcomatous lesions in soft tissue with deceptively benign clinical and imaging appearances, and correlate findings with those of histologic analysis. Two patients presented with a long history of painless swelling at the dorsum and upper extremity and denied any constitutional symptoms.

Pneumatosis: Appearances on CT Imaging.

Background: Pneumatosis is a general term used to designate the presence of spontaneous air or gas leaks into the body's compartments.

Purpose: In this paper, we provide an overview of gas originating from different sites and present the most common routes by which air may escape free to surrounding or distant tissues.

Methods: On the basis of 45 interesting clinical cases, we discuss the CT imaging characteristics of thoracic and spinal pneumatosis, better known as pneumomediastinum and pneumorrhachis.

Skeletal Muscle Disease: Imaging Findings Simplified.

Skeletal muscle is a major anatomic structural component of the human body. Myopathy, defined as skeletal muscle disease, may offend any of the body's 650 muscles and encompasses an extended array of acute and chronic abnormalities. Muscle disease can be categorized according to etiology as congenital, traumatic, infectious, or neoplastic.

Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Discovertebral Segment. Part 2: An Imaging Review of Pathologic Conditions With Anatomic Correlation.

The lumbar intervertebral disc is a complex anatomic structure that can be affected by a number of distinct pathologic processes. Categories of the disease include degenerative changes, subclinical or overt trauma, infectious lesions, inflammatory insults, metabolic disease, and tumors. Abnormalities affecting the intervertebral disc may assume atypical appearances or alterations may as well mimic pathologic processes related to degeneration that can be asymptomatic.

Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Discovertebral Segment, Part 1: An Imaging Review of Normal Anatomy.

The intervertebral disc is designated the most important cartilaginous articulation of the vertebral column that functions to withstand compressive biomechanical forces and confer strength and flexibility to the spine. A thorough study of the complex fine structure and anatomic relationships of the intervertebral disc is essential for the characterization of the integrity of each individual structure in the discovertebral segment. This elaborate work in human cadavers explores the sophisticated internal structure of the normal intervertebral disc and the discovertebral segment, providing detailed data derived from the dissection of specimens through imaging and close anatomic-histologic correlation.

Advanced ankylosing spondylitis: a multisite, multimodality densitometric analysis for investigation of bone loss in the axial and appendicular skeleton.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a bias in bone mineral density measurements among major densitometric techniques across multiple skeletal sites.

Methods: In 25 advanced ankylosing spondylitis patients, bone mineral density measurements were acquired in the lumbar spine, the hip, and the forearm.

Results: In total, 60% of patients had a bone mineral density Z-score of -2 or less at one or more skeletal sites.

Posterior and anterior epidural and intradural migration of the sequestered intervertebral disc: Three cases and review of the literature.

Dorsal migration of the sequestered lumbar intervertebral disc is an unusual and underrecognized pattern of lumbar disc herniation associated with pain and neurological deficit. Three patients presented with lower limb- and low back pain. MR imaging showed intracanalicular mass lesions with compression of the spinal cord and allowed precise localization of lesions in the extradural or intradural space.

Abnormal Conditions of the Diskovertebral Segment: MRI With Anatomic-Pathologic Correlation.

The purpose of this article is to review the appearance of various abnormalities that affect the lumbar intervertebral disk and diskovertebral segment through anatomic-pathologic correlation in cadavers. Familiarity with the pathologic conditions in and around the intervertebral disk is important in recognizing such conditions as a potential source of symptoms. We revisit the principal role of MRI in evaluating these abnormalities and excluding other sources of significant clinical manifestations.

Giant serous cystadenoma of the pancreas appearing sonographically as a remote pararenal mass.

Macrocystic serous cystadenoma (MSC) of the pancreas is a rare benign neoplasm with varied imaging appearances. We describe an intriguing case of a surgically resected and histologically proven giant MSC, developed in the pararenal space. Ultrasonography (US) revealed a large, oligocystic mass around the lower pole of right kidney.

Relationship between Hemoglobin Levels Corrected by Interdialytic Weight Gain and Mortality in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients: Miyazaki Dialysis Cohort Study.

Background: Although hemoglobin (Hb) levels are affected by a change in the body fluid status, the relationship between Hb levels and mortality while taking interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) at blood sampling into account has not yet been examined in hemodialysis patients.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Setting, Participants: Data from the Miyazaki Dialysis cohort study, including 1375 prevalent hemodialysis patients (median age (interquartile range), 69 (60-77) years, 42.

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in an 8-Year Old Boy: Appraisal of Evolution by DXA.

Assessment of skeletal status and bone mineral density (BMD) in the pediatric population requires knowledge of the child's overall health, clinical history of chronic illness and/or risk factors for osteoporosis, and atraumatic fractures. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for the assessment of bone health, in children and adolescents. The interpreting physician needs to acknowledge that diagnosis of low BMD in growing subjects should include in addition to densitometric measurements, the synchronous assessment of the DXA-generated image for collateral findings that may cause erroneous evaluation of bone mass and improper management.

Clinical Implications of Additional Pedal Artery Angioplasty in Critical Limb Ischemia Patients With Infrapopliteal and Pedal Artery Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical implications of additional pedal artery angioplasty (PAA) for patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI).

Methods: Twenty-nine patients (mean age 77.8±8.