Electrocatalytic Micelle-Driven Hydrodefluorination for Accessing Unprotected Monofluorinated Indoles.

Toxic organic solvents and electrolytes, traditionally indispensable for electro-organic synthesis, are now being reconsidered. In developing more sustainable electro-organic synthesis, we've harnessed the aqueous micelles as solvents and electrolyte-like structures when deformed under an electric field. The technology is showcased in synthetically highly valued hydrodefluorination reactions of difluorinated indoles.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: a spectrum of uncommon morphologic subtypes, unusual imaging patterns and mimics.

Advances in imaging techniques have evolved, allowing for early noninvasive diagnosis and improved management of high-risk patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hallmark imaging features of HCC on multiphasic cross-sectional imaging can be explained by the multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis and is seen in 60% of cases. However, approximately 40% of cases do not abide by the classic imaging appearance and may pose a diagnostic challenge for radiologists.

Mathematic Modeling of Tumor Growth During [Lu]Lu-PSMA Therapy: Insights into Treatment Optimization.

The treatment regimen for [Lu]Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 617 therapy follows that of chemotherapy: 6 administrations of a fixed activity, each separated by 6 wk. Mathematic modeling can be used to test the hypothesis that the current treatment regimen for a radiopharmaceutical modality is suboptimal. A mathematic model was developed to describe tumor growth during [Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy.

Dual Mechanism for Transient Capacitance Anomaly in Improper Ferroelectrics.

Negative capacitance (NC) effects in ferroelectrics can potentially break fundamental limits of power dissipation known as "Boltzmann tyranny." However, the origin of transient NC of ferroelectrics, which is attributed to two different mechanisms involving free-energy landscape and nucleation, is under intense debate. Here, we report the coexistence of transient NC and an S-shaped anomaly during the switching of ferroelectric hexagonal ferrites capacitor in an RC circuit.

The gap between surgeon goal and achieved sagittal alignment in adult cervical spine deformity surgery.

Objective: Malalignment following cervical spine deformity (CSD) surgery can negatively impact outcomes and increase complications. Despite the growing ability to plan alignment, it remains unclear whether preoperative goals are achieved with surgery. The objective of this study was to assess how good surgeons are at achieving their preoperative goal alignment following CSD surgery.

Diverse plant RNAs coat leaves and are distinct from apoplastic RNAs.

Transgenic expression of a double-stranded RNA in plants can induce silencing of homologous mRNAs in fungal pathogens. Although such host-induced gene silencing is well documented, the molecular mechanisms by which RNAs can move from the cytoplasm of plant cells across the plasma membrane of both the host cell and fungal cell are poorly understood. Indirect evidence suggests that this RNA transfer may occur at a very early stage of the infection process, prior to breach of the host cell wall, suggesting that silencing RNAs might be secreted onto leaf surfaces.

Wavebreakers in excitable systems and possible applications for corrosion mitigation.

Traveling waves of excitation arise from the spatial coupling of local nonlinear events by transport processes. In corrosion systems, these electro-dissolution waves relay local perturbations across large portions of the metal surface, significantly amplifying overall damage. For the example of the magnesium alloy AZ31B exposed to sodium chloride solution, we report experimental results suggesting the existence of a vulnerable zone in the wake of corrosion waves where local perturbations can induce a unidirectional wave pulse or segment.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The term rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) may be applied to patients with precipitous declines in cognitive function resulting in dementia within one year or complete incapacitation within two-years of symptom onset. Although most patients present with subacute, progressive declines, selected patients develop complete incapacitation within seven days of symptom onset. The differential diagnosis and clinical characteristics of patients with abrupt-onset dementia are not known.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Preclinical animal models are essential for the development of effective treatments. For instance, the 5xFAD mouse model successfully represents the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Expression of humanized APP (K670N/M671L - Swedish, I716V - Florida, V717I - London) and PSEN1 (M146L and L286V), found in early onset AD patients, induces the production of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and amyloid deposition, gliosis, and progressive neuronal loss.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: This study was to elucidate the impact of blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) on phosphoproteome networks and cognition in a genetically heterogeneous population of mice (rTg4510) with the human tau P301L mutation linked to Alzheimer's disease-related dementia (ADRD) including frontotemporal dementia.

Method: Mild traumatic brain injury was induced in rTg4510 mice exposed to a single low-density blast (LIB) at an upright position. After assessment of cognitive function by the automated-Home Cage Monitoring (aHCM) system, frontal cortex tissue was collected at 40 days post-injury.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Haplotypes are patterns of nucleotides in close proximity along a chromosome that are passed together across time and space. These patterns dictate the specific properties of proteins produced and the regulation of this production. General haplotype inference methods phase all provided genotypes within the region of interest into two haplotypes without regard for the ages or evolutionary impact of each mutation, thus force the inclusion of more recent and/or neutral mutations.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The link between stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. This study seeks to determine if increased AD risk is linked to gut dysbiosis caused by acute ischemic stroke.

Exploring the Accuracy of Interferometric Quantum Measurements under Conservation Laws.

A (target) quantum system is often measured through observations performed on a second (meter) system to which the target is coupled. In the presence of global conservation laws holding on the joint meter-target system, the Wigner-Araki-Yanase theorem and its generalizations predict a lower bound on the measurement's error (Ozawa's bound). While practically negligible for macroscopic meters, it becomes relevant for microscopic ones.

h-CMD: An efficient hybrid fast centroid and quasi-centroid molecular dynamics method for the simulation of vibrational spectra.

Developing efficient path integral (PI) methods for atomistic simulations of vibrational spectra in heterogeneous condensed phases and interfaces has long been a challenging task. Here, we present the h-CMD method, short for hybrid centroid molecular dynamics, which combines the recently introduced fast quasi-CMD (f-QCMD) method with fast CMD (f-CMD). In this scheme, molecules that are believed to suffer more seriously from the curvature problem of CMD, e.

A Committee-Based Diagnostic Stewardship Model for Pathogen Metagenomic Sequencing in Children.

Background: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for pathogen detection offers the potential for broad pathogen detection directly from clinical specimens. However, the yield and impact of testing is variable, financial cost is high, and questions surrounding its optimal use remain. Our pediatric institution used a clinical committee-based approach to discuss and approve or deny mNGS test requests.

Esophageal Perforation During Transesophageal Echocardiography Managed Conservatively: A Case Report With a Review of the Literature on Management.

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is one of the cornerstones of cardiac imaging in inpatient and intra-operative settings. TEE is considered a safe procedure, but it may result in serious complications, such as esophageal injury, vocal cord paralysis, arrhythmia, hypotension, seizure, and cardiac arrest. Herein, we discuss one of the rare complications, esophageal perforation, and a conservative approach to managing the patient in a 64-year-old female who underwent a TEE prior to a scheduled valvular surgery.

Oral fluid testing can be used to monitor xenotransplant donor herds for porcine cytomegalovirus/roseolovirus status.

A major concern of xenotransplantation is that donor organs may be a source of pathogens. One pathogen in particular, porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), a porcine roseolovirus (PRV), is thought to result in donor organ failure in an immunosuppressed state. Porcine cytomegalovirus is difficult to detect in organ donor swine because of its ability to establish latency.

The association of dementia risk symptoms and functional activity in adults with Down syndrome.

Introduction: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, often showing neuropathological indicators by age 40. Physical function and activities of daily living (ADLs) are understudied areas of function that may inform dementia risk. We investigated associations among age, physical function (gait/balance, grip strength, and lower extremity strength), ADLs, and dementia risk symptoms in adults with DS.

Canine synovial lipomatosis: Clinicopathologic findings and HGMA2 immunohistochemistry in 4 cases.

Synovial lipomatosis is an uncommon, intra-articular, fat-containing, proliferative lesion with unknown etiology that is rarely reported in dogs. A retrospective study spanning 13 years was conducted to search for cases of canine synovial lipomatosis. Among 188 synovial biopsies of major diarthrodial joints (ie, shoulder, elbow, carpus, hip, stifle, and tarsus) from 186 dogs, 4 cases (2.

Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration of Solitary Lung Nodules and the Triple Diagnosis Technique: Does Triple Diagnosis Improve Diagnostic Accuracy?

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the predominant method for investigation of centrally located solitary pulmonary nodules. The method is associated with good to excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity with the positive predictive value of the test reaching 100% and reported negative predictive values for FNA of pulmonary nodules ranging from 53% to 97%. The impact of correlating cytologic results with imaging and clinical findings for improvement of negative predictive value has been poorly studied.

Food Safety Evaluation of Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen Produced by Komagataella phaffii SMD1168-2COL3.

Collagens are biofunctional proteins that have been widely used in many fields, including biomedical, cosmetics, and skin care for their value in maintaining the integrity of cellular membranes. Collagens are also commonly consumed in foods and provide a source of protein and amino acids. As part of the safety assessment for this particular recombinant humanized type III (RHTypeIII) collagen produced by Komagataella phaffii SMD1168-2COL3, a series of toxicological tests were conducted.

Bacillus subtilis-derived-exopolysaccharide halts depigmentation and autoimmunity in vitiligo.

Vitiligo has a complex multifactorial etiology involving a T-cell mediated autoimmune response to cutaneous melanocytes. Microbial dysbiosis has been assigned a contributing role in vitiligo etiology. Treating vitiligo can be a challenging task and finding novel treatment approaches is crucial.

Light regulation of flavin reduction by NAD(P)H: activation of 2-haloacrylate hydratase.

We report a novel light-dependent activation mechanism for 2-haloacrylate hydratase (2HAH), a flavin-depu change endent dehalogenase. Initial assays revealed inconsistent enzyme activity, stabilized only after chemical reduction or exposure to bright light. Spectroscopic analysis showed that light accelerates flavin reduction by NAD(P)H, completing in 30 seconds under bright light versus slow reduction in the dark.