Age-Related Ventricular Tachycardia Substrate Characteristics for Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Before Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Placement.

Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate characteristics before transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) are unknown.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to evaluate substrates for sustained monomorphic VT before TPVR in rTOF.

Methods: Retrospective (2017 to 2021) and prospective (commencing 2021) rTOF patients with native right ventricular outflow tract referred for electrophysiology study (EPS) before TPVR were included.

Ecological Drivers of Evolution of Swine Influenza in the United States: A Review.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a major public health threat due to their wide host range and pandemic potential. Pigs have been proposed as "mixing vessels" for avian, swine, and human IAVs, significantly contributing to influenza ecology. In the United States, IAVs are enzootic in commercial swine farming operations, with numerous genetic and antigenic IAV variants having emerged in the past two decades.

Iliac Crest Bone Block Autograft Transfer for Ballistic Posterior Glenoid Fracture: A Case Report.

A 25-year-old male presented with a ballistic fracture of the right glenoid resulting in > 30% loss of the posterior glenoid articular surface and acute posterior glenohumeral instability that was treated with open reduction internal fixation with iliac crest autograft transfer. There is limited consensus on the operative management of ballistic intra-articular fractures due to the heterogeneity of these injuries. Acute posterior glenohumeral instability secondary to a ballistic fracture is a rare injury pattern.

Atypical Femur Fracture in a Teenager on Chronic Imatinib Therapy.

Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are rare fractures usually associated with medications that can ultimately alter bone metabolism. Imatinib, a drug prescribed for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), has been associated with altered bone homeostasis, however, with unknown clinical significance. Here, we present the case of a 17-year-old female, with a diagnosis of CML undergoing chronic imatinib therapy, who developed an AFF treated successfully with prophylactic fixation with intramedullary nailing.

Applying the ADAPT guidance to implement a telemedicine and medication delivery service in a malaria-endemic setting: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The ADAPT guidance proposes a process model for adapting evidence-informed interventions to novel contexts. Herein, we leveraged this guidance to adapt a paediatric nighttime telemedicine and medication delivery service from Haiti, a setting with low malaria prevalence, to Ghana, where malaria is a leading cause of paediatric mortality.

Methods: Core components of the intervention were defined and conserved.

Cultural beliefs versus professional health training: implications for healthcare delivery to persons living with intellectual disabilities in Ghana.

Background: In most African countries, disability is explained by cultural beliefs. This has implications for healthcare delivery for persons with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: With the aid of a qualitative approach, we explore the interplay between cultural beliefs and the training of health professionals and their implications for the healthcare delivery to persons living with intellectual disabilities in the Asokwa and Oforikrom Municipalities.

Chimpanzee Activity and Behavioral Diversity Extends Across 24 Hours in Both Captive and Wild Settings.

Studying nocturnal behavior is crucial for understanding the full scope of a species' behavioral flexibility so as to inform the conservation of wild populations and the care of captive individuals. However, this aspect of primate behavior is understudied, especially in great apes, which exhibit some of the widest documented behavioral diversity and flexibility. Our investigation is among the first to systematically compare the 24 h activity patterns and behavioral activities of captive chimpanzees (Saint Louis Zoo, USA) with those of wild chimpanzees (three sites across the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in the Republic of Congo) and a published data set of the nocturnal behavior of all chimpanzee subspecies.

Practical approach to extracardiac findings in CT and MR for the non-radiologist.

Cross-sectional cardiac imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of pediatric patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. While the focus of cardiac imaging is primarily on evaluating cardiac structures, it also provides valuable insights into extracardiac structures and associated abnormalities. The radiologists and cardiologists interpreting these exams play a critical role in recognizing these findings and providing recommendations for follow-up testing when indicated.

Neurophysiological Markers of Regulation Success in Everyday Life in Depression.

Background: Self-regulation often is disrupted in depression and is characterized by negative affect and inflexible parasympathetic responses. Yet, our understanding of brain mechanisms of self-regulatory processes largely has been limited to laboratory contexts. Measuring individual differences in self-regulatory processes in everyday life - and their neural correlates - could inform our understanding of depression phenotypes and reveal novel intervention targets that impact everyday functioning.

Beyond Redox Regulation: Novel Roles of TXNIP in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targeting of Kidney Disease.

Cellular stress conditions, such as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses, contribute to the development of various kidney diseases. Oxidative stress is prompted by reactive oxygen species accumulation and delicately mitigated by glutathione and thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant systems. Initially identified as a Trx-binding partner, Trx-interacting protein (TXNIP) is significantly up-regulated and activated by oxidative and ER stresses.

Impact of Frailty on Surgical Outcomes of Patients With Cushing Disease Using the Multicenter Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders Registry.

Background And Objectives: Despite growing interest in how patient frailty affects outcomes (eg, in neuro-oncology), its role after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease (CD) remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of frailty on CD outcomes using the Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders (RAPID) data set from a collaboration of US academic pituitary centers.

Methods: Data on consecutive surgically treated patients with CD (2011-2023) were compiled using the 11-factor modified frailty index.

Blood Culture Use in Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units and Wards.

Importance: Blood culture (BC) use benchmarks in US hospitals have not been defined.

Objective: To characterize BC use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) and wards in US hospitals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cross-sectional study of BC use in adult medical ICUs, medical-surgical ICUs, medical wards, and medical-surgical wards from acute care hospitals from the 4 US geographic regions was conducted.

Outcomes and complications of vertebral body tethering by patient gender.

Purpose: Non-fusion surgical options for pediatric scoliosis management such as vertebral body tethering (VBT) offer an alternative to spinal fusion. With this study, we aim to evaluate the postoperative outcomes in boys versus girls who have undergone VBT. Our hypothesis is that girls and boys will have similar outcomes by 2-year follow-up.

Development and evaluation of a 4M taxonomy from nursing home staff text messages using a fine-tuned generative language model.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the utilization of a fine-tuned language model to extract expressions related to the Age-Friendly Health Systems 4M Framework (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) from nursing home worker text messages, deploy automated mapping of these expressions to a taxonomy, and explore the created expressions and relationships.

Materials And Methods: The dataset included 21 357 text messages from healthcare workers in 12 Missouri nursing homes. A sample of 860 messages was annotated by clinical experts to form a "Gold Standard" dataset.

Innovative applications of bio-inspired technology in bio-based food packaging.

Traditionally, food packaging was used to extend the shelf life of food or to monitor its condition. Inspired by many biological structures found in nature, bio-inspired functional materials for bio-based food packaging have been shown to have significantly improved capabilities over traditional bio-based food packaging materials in various aspects and to attract consumers through novel freshness preservation features. This review synthesizes recent advances in bio-inspired bio-based food packaging materials that mimic the structure of natural organisms with specific functionalities, with examples of specific biomimetics in different enhancement areas.

Assessing Clinical Improvement of Infants Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Critical Illness.

Background: Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) commonly requires hospitalization. The Clinical Progression Scale Pediatrics (CPS-Ped) measures level of respiratory support and degree of hypoxia across a range of disease severity, but it has not been applied in infants hospitalized with severe RSV-LRTI.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective surveillance registry of infants hospitalized for RSV-related complications across 39 U.

Ecosystem Drivers of Freshwater Mercury Bioaccumulation Are Context-Dependent: Insights from Continental-Scale Modeling.

Significant variation in mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation is observed across the diversity of freshwater ecosystems in North America. While there is support for the major drivers of Hg bioaccumulation, the relative influence of different external factors can vary widely among waterbodies, which makes predicting Hg risk across large spatial scales particularly challenging. We modeled Hg bioaccumulation by coupling Hg concentrations in more than 21,000 dragonflies collected across the United States from 2008 to 2021 with a suite of chemical (e.

Failure of colonization following gut microbiota transfer exacerbates DSS-induced colitis.

To study the impact of differing specific pathogen-free gut microbiomes (GMs) on a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease, selected GMs were transferred using embryo transfer (ET), cross-fostering (CF), and co-housing (CH). Prior work showed that the GM transfer method and the microbial composition of donor and recipient GMs can influence microbial colonization and disease phenotypes in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. When a low richness GM was transferred to a recipient with a high richness GM via CH, the donor GM failed to successfully colonize, and a more severe disease phenotype resulted when compared to ET or CF, where colonization was successful.

Payment models and the sustainability of community pharmacy practice: a qualitative interview study with community pharmacists.

Background: The sustainability of community pharmacies in the United States depends, in large part, on policies enacted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). In 2003, CMS policy allowed retrospective direct and indirect remuneration (DIR) fees to manage costs. From 2024, only prospective DIR fees are permitted.

The Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot for ferns: Updated phylogeny, hidden diversity, and biogeography of the java fern genus (Polypodiaceae).

The Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot is renowned for its rich biodiversity, including that of vascular plants. However, the fern diversity and its endemism in this hotspot have not been well understood and so far, the diversity of very few groups of ferns in this region has been explored using combined molecular and morphological approaches. Here, we updated the plastid phylogeny of the Java fern genus with 226 (115% increase of the latest sampling) samples across the distribution range, specifically those of three phylogenetically significant species, , .

Clinical outcomes and adverse events of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for advanced basal cell carcinoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer and poses treatment challenges in advanced stages. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies, but tumor location and prior interventions can limit these methods. Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HPIs) are used for patients unsuitable for conventional treatments.

Pivotal Trial Toward Effectiveness of Self-administered OCT in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration. Report 2-Artificial Intelligence Analytics.

Purpose: To validate the performance of the Notal OCT Analyzer (NOA) in processing self-administered OCT images from an OCT system designed for home use (home OCT [HOCT]) as part of a pivotal study aimed at achieving de novo United States Food and Drug Admininstration marketing authorization.

Design: A prospective quantitative cross-sectional artificial intelligence study.

Participants: The study enrolled adults aged ≥55 years diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in ≥1 eligible eye with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/320 or better.