Lead (Pb) sorptive removal using chitosan-modified biochar: batch and fixed-bed studies.

Chitosan-Modified fast pyrolysis BioChar (CMBC) was used to remove Pb from water. CMBC was made by mixing pine wood biochar with a 2% aqueous acetic acid chitosan (85% deacylated chitin) solution followed by treatment with NaOH. The characterizations of both CMBC and Non-Modified BioChar (NMBC) were done using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area measurements ( ), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ζ-potential measurements.