Photonics probing of pup brain tissue and molecular-specific nuclear nanostructure alterations due to fetal alcoholism via light scattering/localization approaches.

Significance: Light is a good probe for studying the nanoscale-level structural or molecular-specific structural properties of brain cells/tissue due to stress, alcohol, or any other abnormalities. Chronic alcoholism during pregnancy, i.e.

Transitioning from conventional to cover crop systems with minimum tillage does not alter nutrient loading.

Nutrient loading from conventional row-crop production systems impairs surface waterbodies in the mid-southern United States. This study was conducted to determine whether minimum tillage and winter cover crops can decrease nutrient loading in surface runoff from conventionally tilled row-crop fields. The effects of winter cover crops and minimum tillage on N and P loading from a corn (Zea mays L.

Genetic and QTL mapping in African bermudagrass.

Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy is frequently used to cross with C. dactylon Pers. in the creation of F hybrid cultivars that are some of the most widely used in the worldwide turf industry.

Nutrient loss from floodplain soil with controlled subsurface drainage under forage production.

Expansion of subsurface drainage into forage production may have a deleterious effect on surface waters due to increased nitrogen and phosphorus loading. The impact of controlled subsurface drainage (CD) on nitrogen and phosphorus loss compared with free subsurface drainage (FD) in tile drainage water has been explored to a lesser extent from forage production systems. This study quantifies the effects of CD and FD on average seasonal concentrations and cumulative loads of the total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate nitrogen (NO -N), and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in subsurface drainage water from a poorly drained floodplain soil in a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.

A preliminary investigation of wild pig (Sus scrofa) impacts in water quality.

The United States, particularly the southern portion, has recently suffered drastic population expansion of wild pigs causing destruction of prime farmland. An associated concern, which has been understudied, is the potential transfer of nutrients and pathogens to surface water. This study aimed to identify the abiotic and biotic impacts of captive wild pigs on water quality, including nutrients, fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance.

Effects of Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization and Hydrocolloids on Physicochemical and Storage Properties of Soymilk.

Unlabelled: This study investigated the efficacy of ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH) in the presence or absence of added hydrocolloids for enhancing a range of physic-chemical properties of soymilk-which are important for extending shelf-life. Soymilk preparations containing different concentrations (0.01%, 0.

The Effects of Sequential Environmental and Harvest Stressors on the Sensory Characteristics of Cultured Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) Fillets.

Stress during fish culture alters physiological homeostasis and affects fillet quality. Maintenance of high-quality seafood is important to ensure the production of a marketable product. This study assessed how sequential stressors affect the sensory and quality characteristics of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets.

Effect of Cooking on Isoflavones, Phenolic Acids, and Antioxidant Activity in Sprouts of Prosoy Soybean (Glycine max).

Soy sprouts possess health benefits and is required to be cooked before consumption. The effects of cooking on the phenolic components and antioxidant properties of soy sprouts with different germination days were investigated. A food-grade cultivar Prosoy with a high protein content was germinated for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 d and cooked till palatable for 20, 20, 5, 5, and 7 min, respectively.

Innovative Soaking and Grinding Methods and Cooking Affect the Retention of Isoflavones, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties in Soymilk Prepared from Black Soybean.

This study's objective was to characterize the effect of traditional and 3 newly devised (soaking+grinding) methods combined with cooking on the content and composition of phenolic substances, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of soymilk prepared from black soybean. Phenolic substances and antioxidant profile were characterized and antiproliferation of prostate cancer DU145 cells was conducted using a cell culture assay. Results indicated Grinding Method 4 produced significantly (P < 0.

Isoflavone Profiles and Kinetic Changes during Ultra-High Temperature Processing of Soymilk.

Isoflavone profile is greatly affected by heating process. However, kinetic analyses of isoflavone conversion and degradation using a continuous industry processing method have never been characterized. In this study, Proto soybean was soaked and blanched at 80 °C for 2 min and then processed into soymilk, which underwent UHT (ultra-high temperature) at 135 to 150 °C for 10 to 50 s with a pilot plant-scale Microthermics processor.

Macronutrients, Phytochemicals, and Antioxidant Activity of Soybean Sprout Germinated with or without Light Exposure.

This study examined the macronutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities of yellow soybean sprout (YSS) and green soybean sprout (GSS) with different germination days. YSS and GSS were obtained by sprouting soybean in darkness or with light exposure at 21 °C. Lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and ash contents were analyzed before and after soybean germination.

Isoflavone profile in soymilk as affected by soybean variety, grinding, and heat-processing methods.

Isoflavones impart health benefits and their overall content and profile in foods are greatly influenced at each step during processing. In this study, 2 soybean varieties (Prosoy and black soybean) were processed with 3 different grinding (ambient, cold, and hot grinding) and heating methods (traditional stove cooking, 1-phase UHT, and 2-phase UHT) for soymilk making. The results showed after cold, ambient, and hot grinding, the total isoflavones were 3917, 5013, and 5949 nmol/g for Prosoy; the total isoflavones were 4073, 3966, and 4284 nmol/g for black soybean.

Fluorescence imaging spectroscopy (FIS) for comparing spectra from corn ears naturally and artificially infected with aflatoxin producing fungus.

In an effort to address the problem of rapid detection of aflatoxin in grain, particularly oilseeds, the current study assessed the spectral differences of aflatoxin production in kernels from a cornfield inoculated with spores from 2 different strains of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxin production in corn from the same field due to natural infestation was also assessed. A small corn plot in Baton Rouge, La.

Microbial quality and safety of X-ray irradiated fresh catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets stored under CO2 atmosphere.

The effect of low-dose X-ray irradiation (0, 2, and 3 kGy) on pathogens, spoilage bacteria (psychrotrophic, anaerobic, and lactic acid bacteria), and physicochemical parameters of iced catfish fillets stored under carbon dioxide (CO(2) ) atmosphere were studied. Irradiation of 2 or 3 kGy eliminated all Listeria monocytogenes (4.8 log CFU/g) and Salmonella Typhimurium (4.

Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes in raw catfish fillets by essential oils and phenolic constituent carvacrol.

The antimicrobial activity of various essential oils and carvacrol was determined on fresh raw catfish fillets against a 4-strain Listeria monocytogenes mixture representing serotypes 1/2b, 3b, 4b, and 4c that were predominantly isolated from catfish processing environments. Thyme oil, oregano oil and carvacrol exhibited concentration and time dependent responses in broth against L. monocytogenes; for example 0.

Potassium acetate and potassium lactate enhance the microbiological and physical properties of marinated catfish fillets.

Sodium or potassium salts such as lactate and acetate can be used to inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens, and thereby prolong the shelf-life of refrigerated seafood. However, minimal information is available regarding the combined effects of potassium salts (acetate and lactate) with an agglomerated phosphate blend on the quality and safety of refrigerated catfish fillets. The objective of this study was to determine the microbiological and quality characteristics of marinated catfish fillets treated with organic acid salts.

Optimization of hot water treatment for removing microbial colonies on fresh blueberry surface.

Unlabelled: Blueberries for the frozen market are washed but this process sometimes is not effective or further contaminates the berries. This study was designed to optimize conditions for hot water treatment (temperature, time, and antimicrobial concentration) to remove biofilm and decrease microbial load on blueberries. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed a well-developed microbial biofilm on blueberries dipped in room temperature water.

Transformation of triclosan and triclocarban in soils and biosolids-applied soils.

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC), widely used as antibacterial agents, have been frequently detected in biosolids. Biosolids land application may introduce pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) such as TCS and TCC into the environment. Microcosm studies were conducted to investigate TCS and TCC transformation in Marietta fine loam and McLaurin coarse loam.

Effects of carbon dioxide and ozone treatments on the volatile composition and sensory quality of dry-cured ham.

Randomized complete block designs with 3 replications were utilized to evaluate the effects of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) (0% at 96 h, 60% at 48 h, and 60% at 96 h) and ozone (O(3)) (0 and 175 ppm for 48 h) on the volatile flavor compound concentrations in dry-cured ham. Minimal differences existed in the presence and concentration of aroma active compounds in both CO(2) and O(3) fumigated hams but phenols were slightly more prevalent (P < 0.05) in the CO(2) treatments and oxidation compounds were slightly elevated (P < 0.

Identification of natural antimicrobial substances in red muscadine juice against Cronobacter sakazakii.

Red muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) juices with natural organic, phenolic acids and polyphenol compounds were tested against Cronobacter sakazakii. The concentration of total phenolic compounds of commercial baby juices ranged from 176.

Phosphate type affects the quality of injected catfish fillets.

Unlabelled: Catfish fillets were injected to 115% over green weight prior to tray-packing and storage at 4 degrees C for 1, 4, 8, and 11 d. Fillets were evaluated for yields, surface color, pH, cooking loss, tenderness, purge loss, and shelf-life. All phosphate treatments increased (P < 0.

Characterization of fish sauce aroma-impact compounds using GC-MS, SPME-Osme-GCO, and Stevens' power law exponents.

The objectives of this study were to characterize volatile compounds and to determine the characteristic aromas associated with impact compounds in 4 fish sauces using solid-phase micro-extraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Osme, and gas chromatography olfactometry (SPME-Osme-GCO) coupled with Stevens' Power Law. Compounds were separated using GCMS and GCO and were identified with the mass spectral database, aroma perceived at the sniffing port, retention indices, and verification of compounds by authentic standards in the GCMS and GCO. Aromas that were isolated and present in all 4 fish sauce samples at all concentrations included fishy (trimethylamine), pungent and dirty socks (combination of butanoic, pentanoic, hexanoic, and heptanoic acids), cooked rice and buttery popcorn (2,6-dimethyl pyrazine), and sweet and cotton candy (benzaldehyde).

Compost, manure, and gypsum application to timothy/red clover forage.

Some of the most fertile agricultural land in Atlantic Canada includes dykelands, which were developed from rich salt marshes along the Bay of Fundy through the construction of dykes. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted on dykeland soil to evaluate the effect of fertility treatments: source-separated municipal solid waste (SS-MSW) compost, solid manure, commercial fertilizer, and gypsum on (1) timothy/red clover forage productivity, (2) N, S, and other nutrients uptake, and (3) residual NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N in the soil profile. All fertility treatments increased dry matter yields from the two cuts each year relative to the control.

Accumulation, distribution, and toxicity of copper in sediments of catfish ponds receiving periodic copper sulfate applications.

Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is applied periodically to commercial channel catfish (Ictalurus panctatus) ponds as an algicide or parasiticide. Current understanding of the chemistry of copper in soil-water systems suggests that copper may accumulate in pond sediments, although the forms and potential bioavailability of copper in catfish pond sediments are not known. This study investigated the accumulation and distribution of copper in the sediment of catfish ponds receiving periodic additions of CuSO4.