Exploring the drug delivery capabilities of NbC MXene functionalized with oxygen and fluorine: A DFT study.

MXenes quantum dots (QDs), including NbC, NbCO, and NbCF, are emerging materials with exceptional structural, electronic, and optical properties, making them highly suitable for biomedical applications. This study investigates the structural optimization, stability, electronic properties, and drug-loading potential of these QDs using fluorouracil (Flu) as a model drug. Structural analyses show that the functionalization of NbC with O and F atoms enhances stability, with binding energies (BEs) of 7.

Performance of the MiniMed 780G system on mitigating menstrual cycle-dependent glycaemic variability.

Aim: To map the glycaemic variabilities and insulin requirements across different phases of the menstrual cycle and assess the efficacy and performance of the MiniMed 780G system on mitigating glycaemic variabilities during phases of the menstrual cycle.

Materials And Methods: A pilot study recruiting 15 adolescent and young adult females with type 1 diabetes was conducted. Only females with regular spontaneous menstruation were enrolled in the current study.

Revolutionizing Hyperlipidemia Treatment: Nanoencapsulated CoQ10 and Selenium Combat Simvastatin-Induced Myopathy and Insulin Resistance in Rats.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a nanoencapsulated platform for coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles (coQNPs) or selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and explore their potential therapeutic benefits in treating hyperlipidemia and combating simvastatin (SV)-induced myopathy and adverse reactions in hyperlipidemic rats.

Methods: The physical and chemical properties of the solid nanoparticles, coQNPs, and SeNPs were characterized, including zeta potential studies. Male Wistar albino rats were treated with various interventions for 112 days, including a nano-vehicle only, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with SV alone, or with coQNPs or/and SeNPs for the last 30 days.

Exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide eluting polylactic acid-based nanofibrous scaffolds for enhancing angiogenesis of diabetic wounds.

Delayed wound healing is a major complication that diabetic patients suffer from due to high microbial infection susceptibility, high diabetic wound alkalinity, a low lymphangiogenesis rate, and a high inflammation rate, resulting in severe gangrene. Hence, this study aims to develop a multifunctional adhesive nanofibrous patch to promote the wound healing process. Phenytoin, sildenafil citrate, and/or nitric oxide-eluting nanoparticles were incorporated separately within the polylactic acid nanofibrous layer.

Promising sensors for pharmaceutical pollutant adsorption using Clar's goblet-based 2D membranes.

This study focuses on the design of new 2D membranes from connected Clar's Goblet as a potential sensor for pharmaceutical pollutants, specifically the painkiller drugs aspirin, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and diclofenac. The electronic, optical, and interaction properties are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The Clar's Goblet membranes (CGMs) that were chosen are semiconductors with an energy gap of around 1.

Protective role of hesperetin in sorafenib-induced hepato- and neurotoxicity in mice via modulating apoptotic pathways and mitochondrial reprogramming.

Introduction: Sorafenib, an FDA-approved standard chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, is associated with numerous adverse effects that significantly impact patients' physiological well-being. Consequently, identifying agents that mitigate these side effects while enhancing efficacy is crucial. Hesperetin, a flavone present in fruits and vegetables, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.

Electronic and optical properties of chemically modified 2D GaAs nanoribbons.

We employed density functional theory calculations to investigate the electronic and optical characteristics of finite GaAs nanoribbons (NRs). Our study encompasses chemical alterations including doping, functionalization, and complete passivation, aimed at tailoring NR properties. The structural stability of these NRs was affirmed by detecting real vibrational frequencies in infrared spectra, indicating dynamical stability.

3D-bioimplants mimicking the structure and function of spine units for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis.

Approximately 1-2% of the reported tuberculosis (TB) cases have skeletal system problems, particularly spinal TB. The complications of spinal TB involve the destruction of vertebral body (VB) and intervertebral disc (IVD) which consequently leads to kyphosis. This work aimed at utilizing different technologies to develop, for the first time, a functional spine unit (FSU) replacement to mimic the structure and function of the VB and IVD along with a good ability to treat spinal TB.

L. Nanoemulsion Mitigates Cisplatin-Induced Chemobrain via Reducing Neurobehavioral Alterations, Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis in Adult Rats.

Cisplatin (Cis) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent; however, it is linked with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which may harmfully affect the brain. L. (HP L.

Design, development, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of polylactic acid-based multifunctional nanofibrous patches for efficient healing of diabetic wounds.

Impaired healing of diabetic ulcers is one of the major complications of diabetic patients due to high susceptibility to microbial infections, impaired lymphianogenesis, edema, and consequently impairing proper healing. This could even lead to much worse complications that include severe gangrene, trauma and finally limb amputation. Therefore, this study aims to develop a multilayered durable nanofibrous wound patch loaded with three promising drugs (phenytoin, sildenafil citrate and simvastatin) each in a separate layer to target a different wound healing phase.

Dual antituberculosis drugs-loaded gelatin hydrogel bioimplant for treating spinal tuberculosis.

Spinal tuberculosis (TB) represents around 1% of the recorded TB with a high mortality rate due to neurological complications and kyphosis. The current work aimed to develop a bioimplant scaffold to treat spinal TB disease. The scaffold is composed of a biocompatible semi-interpenetrating (semi-IPN) gelatin-based hydrogel incorporating mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MPS-NPs) loaded with rifampicin (RIF) and levofloxacin (LEV) to treat TB.

Layer-by-layer development of chitosan/alginate-based platelet-mimicking nanocapsules for augmenting doxorubicin cytotoxicity against breast cancer.

Breast carcinoma is considered one of the most invasive and life-threatening malignancies in females. Mastectomy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy are the most common treatment choices for breast cancer. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most regularly utilized medications in breast cancer protocols.

Fortified gelatin-based hydrogel scaffold with simvastatin-mixed nanomicelles and platelet rich plasma as a promising bioimplant for tissue regeneration.

Treatment of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration includes conservative and surgical strategies that have a high risk of recurrence. Consequently, tissue engineering represents a promising alternative treatment. This study aimed at healing damaged IVD with a bioimplant that can maintain the function of defected IVD.

Chemically modified covalent organic frameworks for a healthy and sustainable environment: First-principles study.

Pure water is a key element for a sustainable and healthy environment of human inhabitation. Since major sources of water contamination are industrially generated heavy metal cations there is great demand for efficient methods of their treatment. Here, using density functional theory, we investigate the covalent organic framework's electronic and optical properties and their interaction with the most dangerous heavy metal pollutants, namely Hg, Pb and Cd.

Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Vancomycin Conjugation.

Drug resistance is a global health challenge with thousands of deaths annually caused by bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR). Efforts to develop new antibacterial molecules do not meet the mounting needs imposed by the evolution of MDR. An alternative approach to overcome this challenge is developing targeted formulations that can enhance the therapeutic efficiency and limit side effects.

Antidepressant and Cardioprotective Effects of Self-Nanoemulsifying Self-Nanosuspension Loaded with Hypericum perforatum on Post-Myocardial Infarction Depression in Rats.

Hypericum perforatum (HP) is characterized by potent medicinal activity. However, the poor water solubility of many HP constituents limits their therapeutic effectiveness. Self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension loaded with HP (HP.

Ashwagandha-loaded nanocapsules improved the behavioral alterations, and blocked MAPK and induced Nrf2 signaling pathways in a hepatic encephalopathy rat model.

Ashwagandha (ASH), a vital herb in Ayurvedic medicine, demonstrated potent preclinical hepato- and neuroprotective effects. However, its efficacy is limited due to low oral bioavailability. Accordingly, we encapsulated ASH extract in chitosan-alginate bipolymeric nanocapsules (ASH-BPNCs) to enhance its physical stability and therapeutic effectiveness in the gastrointestinal tract.

Development and Evaluation of Core-Shell Nanocarrier System for Enhancing the Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin/Metformin Combination Against Breast Cancer Cell Line.

Breast cancer is the most invasive and life-threatening cancer in women. The treatment options are usually a combination of mastectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. As a standard practice, doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the commonly used drugs for breast cancer treatment.

Leaves Polar Fraction Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers.

Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the leaves polar fraction of hydromethanolic extract against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity was performed. Intriguingly, this fraction ameliorated Dox-induced cognitive dysfunction; reduced serum ROS and brain TNF-α levels, upregulated the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, markedly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression, and restored the histological architecture of the brain hippocampus.

Respirable spray dried vancomycin coated magnetic nanoparticles for localized lung delivery.

Bacterial pneumonia is a common pulmonary infection responsible for premature death. Biomaterials based-carriers loaded with antibiotics enhance drug potency through localizing the therapy, minimizing the associated adverse effects, and improving patient compliance. Herein, this study reports the preparation of an inhalable dry powder formulation composed of a nano-in-microparticles.

Therapeutic advancement of simvastatin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SV-SLNs) in treatment of hyperlipidemia and attenuating hepatotoxicity, myopathy and apoptosis: Comprehensive study.

This study set out to optimize simvastatin (SV) in lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve bioavailability, efficacy and alleviate adverse effects. Simvastatin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SV-SLNs) were prepared by hot-melt ultrasonication method and optimized by box-Behnken experimental design. Sixty Wister albino rats were randomly assigned into six groups and treated daily for 16 weeks: control group, the group fed with 20 g of high-fat diet (HFD), group treated with vehicle (20 mg/kg, P.

Cancer immunotherapy from biology to nanomedicine.

With the significant drawbacks of conventional cancer chemotherapeutics, cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated the ability to eradicate cancer cells and circumvent multidrug resistance (MDR) with fewer side effects than traditional cytotoxic therapies. Various immunotherapeutic agents have been investigated for that purpose including checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines. All these agents aid immune cells to recognize and engage tumor cells by acting on tumor-specific pathways, antigens or cellular targets.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract attenuates hepatic and cognitive deficits in thioacetamide-induced rat model of hepatic encephalopathy via induction of Nrf2/HO-1 and mitigation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ashwagandha (ASH) is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional Indian, Ayurvedic, and Unani medicines for their broad range of pharmacological activities including, tonic, aphrodisiac, energy stimulant, and counteracting chronic fatigue. Besides, it is used in the treatment of nervous exhaustion, memory-related conditions, insomnia, as well as improving learning ability and memory capacity. ASH is preclinically proven to be efficient in hepatoprotection and improving cognitive impairment, however, its beneficial effects against hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is still unclear.

Predictors of future microalbuminuria in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Egypt.

Introduction: The present study was designed to assess the validity and efficacy of urinary markers (NAG, RBP, transferrin, α1-microglobulin, and plasma homocysteine) as early predictors of microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes, and its relation with haemoglobin glycated (HbA), serum lipid profile, and blood pressure.

Material And Methods: This study is a follow-up study to the 2002 study by Salem . The present study included 35 type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children and adolescents recruited from regular attendees of the specialised Diabetology Clinic, Children's hospital, Ain Shams University, with previously measured urinary -acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (13) or homocysteine (11) or transferrin (28) or α1-microglobulin (27) or retinol binding protein (13) as an early predictor of diabetic nephropathy in T1DM.

Dual-Ligand Functionalized Core-Shell Chitosan-Based Nanocarrier for Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Targeted Drug Delivery.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma represents a major health problem with the related death numbers still increasing. Active targeting is considered an attractive choice for the development of selective therapeutics with limited side effects and improved efficiency. In this study, we report the design, development and evaluation of a novel dual-ligand functionalized core-shell chitosan-based nanocarrier for the selective delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).