Risk factors for MACE and bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing surgery: Insights from the bridge trial.

Introduction: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing elective procedures are at risk for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and symptomatic bleeding. We aimed to identify risk factors to guide perioperative risk stratification.

Methods: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the "Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients who Require Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery" randomized trial.

A simple heuristic for allocating opioid settlement funding to reduce overdose mortality in the United States.

As resolution for opioid-related claims and litigation against pharmaceutical manufacturers and other stakeholders, state and local governments are newly eligible for millions of dollars of settlement funding to address the overdose crisis in the United States. To inform effective use of opioid settlement funds, we propose a simple framework that highlights the principal determinants of overdose mortality: the number of people at risk of overdose each year, the average annual number of overdoses per person at risk, and the average probability of death per overdose event. We assert that the annual number of overdose deaths is a function of these three determinants, all of which can be modified through public health intervention.

A single harmonised pharmacy process to improve clinical trial set-up times.

The UK has fallen from fourth to 10th place in the global ranking for clinical trial activities in the past 6 years. Due to the limited capacity of the clinical trial pharmacy workforce and delays in providing pharmacy approvals, pharmacy has been identified as one of the constraining services that delays the set-up and delivery of clinical trials. To tackle this problem, we developed a single pharmacy review process for multicentre trials across Greater Manchester (GM) and tested its feasibility and implementation in our region.

Proceedings of PRINCETON IV: PDE5 inhibitors and cardiac health symposium.

Introduction: Prior consensus meetings have addressed the relationship between phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition and cardiac health. Given significant accumulation of new data in the past decade, a fourth consensus conference on this topic was convened in Pasadena, California, on March 10 and 11, 2023.

Objectives: Our meeting aimed to update existing knowledge, assess current guidelines, and make recommendations for future research and practice in this area.

Neuroinflammatory reactive astrocyte formation correlates with adverse outcomes in perinatal white matter injury.

Perinatal white matter injury (WMI) is the leading cause of long-term neurological morbidity in infants born preterm. Neuroinflammation during a critical window of early brain development plays a key role in WMI disease pathogenesis. The mechanisms linking inflammation with the long-term myelination failure that characterizes WMI, however, remain unknown.

Perspectives on Using Race in Pulmonary Function Testing: A National Survey Fellows and Program Directors.

Background: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) have historically used race-specific prediction equations. The recent American Thoracic Society guidelines recommend the use of a race-neutral approach in prediction equations. There are limited studies centering the opinions of practicing pulmonologists on the use of race in spirometry.

A novel RYR1 pathogenic variant - Common among Libyan Jews and associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum.

Mutated skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor-1 (RYR1) gene is associated with a spectrum of autosomal dominant and recessive RyR1-related disorders with a wide phenotype. This report describes a variable phenotype associated with a previously unreported RYR1 frameshift pathogenic variant, (NM_000540.2) c.

UK Cancer Healthcare Professionals Collaborating With Colleagues in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Mapping the Extent and Nature of Partnerships; Future Implications.

Aims: In 2020 the UK Global Cancer Network (UKGCN) was formed to unite those in the UK interested in Global Oncology and to strengthen collaborative partnerships with stakeholders working across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in cancer health systems, governance, and care. The UKGCN undertook a mapping exercise to document collaborations to inform the UK's global oncology strategy.

Materials And Methods: A semi-structured survey was developed and disseminated using a snowball method over ten weeks from February 2021 across the UK's cancer community, to identify individuals and institutions engaged in clinical practice, research, and/or education with partners in LMICs.

Health screenings in college health centers: Variations in practice.

The purpose of this study was to examine the routine screening of female students in college health centers for six priority health-related behaviors and experiences (tobacco use, alcohol use, eating disorders [EDs], obesity, anxiety and depression, intimate partner violence/sexual violence [IPV/SV]), and to identify variations in practice. A nationally representative sample of 1,221 healthcare providers (HCPs), including nurse practitioners, physicians, and physician assistants, from 471 U.S.

Evaluation of forelimb gait variation overground at a walk in sound and lame dogs using a combination of diagnostic techniques.

Background: Kinetic and kinematic gait analysis is increasingly practised as a part of lameness evaluation in dogs. The aim of this study was to examine the normal short- and long-term variation in forelimb gait in sound control dogs (CD) at a walk using seven selected variables of objective kinetic and kinematic gait analyses. Also, to compare the findings in CD to a group of forelimb lame dogs with elbow osteoarthritis (OAD).

Reexamining gender differences and the transdiagnostic boundaries of various conceptualizations of perseverative cognition.

Research examining gender differences in perseverative cognition (repetitive, negative, and difficult-to-control thoughts) has focused on depressive rumination and internalizing syndromes. This study examines the transdiagnostic role of depressive rumination, anger rumination, and repetitive negative thinking across gender on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Utilizing an ethnoracially diverse sample (33% Black, 35% Latinx, 32% White non-Hispanic) of = 1,187 young adults (49.

Consistent predictive ability of prostate-specific antigen density prediction model for clinically significant prostate cancer across age strata.

Background: Prebiopsy prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) is a well-known predictor of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume (PV) increase normally with aging, PSAD thresholds may vary. The purpose of the study was to determine if PSAD was predictive of csPCa in different age strata.

Maternal depressive symptom trajectories and associations with child feeding.

Background: Responsive feeding, when caregivers attend to children's signals of hunger and satiation and respond in an emotionally supportive and developmentally appropriate way, is associated with the development of healthy eating behaviors, improved diet quality, and healthy weight status for children. However, gaps in the literature remain on how factors, such as maternal depressive symptoms and child temperament, influence feeding interactions.

Methods: This longitudinal secondary data analysis explored the association between maternal depressive symptom trajectory and child temperament with maternal feeding practices in women with obesity who participated in a prenatal lifestyle intervention trial.

The Moderating Role of Health Status on the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Cannabis Vaping.

Objective: Cannabis vaping is increasing among college students. There is little information on risk factors for vaping cannabis. Consistent with the self-medication hypothesis, experiencing depressive symptoms and having a chronic medical condition (CMC) are associated with cannabis use among young adults.

Intravascular Lithotripsy for Treatment of Severely Calcified Common Femoral Artery Disease: Results From the Disrupt PAD III Observational Study.

Background: Surgical endarterectomy is currently considered the front-line therapy for the treatment of calcified lesions in the common femoral artery (CFA). Endovascular interventions have evolved, and their use is increasing in frequency. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has shown promising safety and effectiveness in calcified CFA lesions in a small pilot study, but "real-world" evidence from a larger cohort is lacking.

A Qualitative Analysis of Shared Values and Motivation for Change Expressed by Sexual Minority Men in Relationships: Use of the Personal Values Card Sort Activity During Motivational Interviewing Sessions Addressing Drug Use and Sexual Health.

The development of tailored interventions that address drug use and sexual risk taking among sexual minority men (SMM) in relationships has garnered increasing interest over the past 20 years. Motivational interviewing (MI) has demonstrated promise in both individual and couples-based applications. The Personal Values Card Sort activity is commonly employed in these interventions; however, relatively little is known about the content of client responses evoked by this intervention task.

Lung cancer screening provider recommendation and completion in black and White patients with a smoking history in two healthcare systems: a survey study.

Background: Annual lung cancer screening (LCS) with low dose CT reduces lung cancer mortality. LCS is underutilized. Black people who smoke tobacco have high risk of lung cancer but are less likely to be screened than are White people.

An Adaptive Telephone Coaching Intervention for Patients in an Online Weight Loss Program: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Weight loss (WL) during the first month of a behavioral program is associated with longer-term WL. Testing of translatable and adaptive obesity programs is needed.

Objective: To compare brief, extended, and no telephone coaching for individuals with suboptimal response (ie, 1-month WL <4%) within an online WL program.

PrEP facilitators and barriers in substance use bridge clinics for women who engage in sex work and who use drugs.

Background: Women who engage in sex work and use drugs (WSWUD) experience disproportionate HIV risks. Substance use treatment bridge clinics offer an opportunity to increase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery to WSWUD, but research on best practices is lacking. Therefore, we explored facilitators and barriers to PrEP across the PrEP care continuum in these settings.