Cutaneous features of Zika virus infection: a clinicopathological overview.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted mainly by Aedes species of mosquitos. Although the infection is usually mild and self-limiting, it is emerging as a public health challenge in tropical and subtropical countries owing to its unprecedented pathogenicity and increased risk for fetal malformations and neurological symptoms. Cutaneous manifestations as for other mosquito-borne viruses remain a hallmark of the disease.

Gene expression-phenotype associations in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background: Gene expression patterns have not been extensively examined in the context of clinical features of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Aims: To assess whether gene expression is associated with clinically defined phenotypes in adults with EoE.

Methods: This was an analysis of prospectively collected esophageal biopsies in newly diagnosed EoE patients.

Elevated d-2-hydroxyglutarate during colitis drives progression to colorectal cancer.

d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) is produced in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is quickly converted to α-ketoglutarate by d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH). In a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC), urine level of D2HG during colitis correlates positively with subsequent polyp counts and severity of dysplasia. The i.

Gastritis staging in the endoscopic follow-up for the secondary prevention of gastric cancer: a 5-year prospective study of 1755 patients.

Objective: Operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA) staging for gastritis ranks the risk for gastric cancer (GC) in progressive stages (0-IV). This prospective study aimed at quantifying the cancer risk associated with each gastritis stage.

Design: A cohort of 1755 consecutive patients with dyspepsia underwent initial (T-0) oesophagogastroduodenoscopy with mapped gastric biopsies, OLGA staging and assessment of infection.

Generalized pustular psoriasis triggered by Zika virus infection.

Zika virus is an emerging arbovirus, which is expanding in epidemic proportions through tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Although Zika is linked to a number of congenital and neurological complications, there is scarce knowledge on the impact of ZIKV infection in human skin. We report the case of a 68-year old woman who presented with generalized pustular psoriasis after a preceding and otherwise uneventful episode of ZIKV infection.

Adherence to Celiac Disease and Eosinophilic Esophagitis Biopsy Guidelines Is Poor in Children.

Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are underdiagnosed gastrointestinal conditions, which adversely affect children's health. Previous studies have shown that diagnostic guidelines for CD are not consistently followed in adults. The aims of the present study are to assess the frequency with which endoscopists comply with diagnostic guidelines for CD and EoE in children, and to determine whether an association exists between adherence to biopsy guidelines and disease detection in pediatric patients.

Factitious Dermatitis Due to Thermal Burn With Histologic Features Simulating Fixed Drug Eruption.

Factitious dermatitis (FD) (dermatitis artefacta) is rare and often difficult to diagnose because of conflicting history and nonspecific clinical and histologic findings. It can present with varied clinical features including geometric ulcers, erosions, and less commonly bullae secondary to external trauma from chemicals, electric burns, heat, and suction. Herein, we describe a case of bullous FD due to thermal burn with histologic features demonstrating overlap with fixed drug eruption.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Review of the Eighth Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Guidelines, Prognostic Factors, and Histopathologic Variants.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma and accounts for the majority of nonmelanoma skin cancer-related deaths. In 2017, the American Joint Committee on Cancer revised the staging guidelines of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to reflect recent evidence concerning high-risk clinicopathologic features. This update reviews the literature on prognostic features and staging, including the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual.

Gastric Cancer as Preventable Disease.

Gastric cancer, 1 of the 5 most common causes of cancer death, is associated with a 5-year overall survival rate less than 30%. A minority of cancers occurs as part of syndromic diseases; more than 90% of adenocarcinomas are considered as the ultimate consequence of a longstanding mucosal inflammation. Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading etiology of non-self-limiting gastritis, which may result in atrophy of the gastric mucosa and impaired acid secretion.

A Gene Expression Panel is Accurate for Diagnosis and Monitoring Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults.

Objective: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) can be difficult to diagnose. We aimed to evaluate whether a gene expression score could differentiate adult EoE cases from non-EoE controls and to determine whether scores normalized after treatment for EoE.

Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected esophageal biopsies from EoE patients (diagnosed as per consensus guidelines and after a proton pump inhibitor trial) and non-EoE controls.

Colorectal cancer anatomic distribution patterns remain the same after sessile serrated adenoma/polyp considered cancer precursor: a 9-year comparison study from community-based endoscopy centers.

Background: The overall incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the United States has steadily decreased. However, the incidence of right-sided CRC remains unchanged for the past two decades. The serrated neoplastic pathway (sessile serrated adenoma/polyp, SSA/P) has been considered an important pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis, especially in the right-sided CRC.

Prevalence and Predictors of Giardia in the United States.

Background: Infection with Giardia lamblia is a common cause of diarrheal disease in the developing and industrialized world.

Aims: We aimed to assess the prevalence of giardiasis in the United States (US) among patients with duodenal biopsies, investigating demographic and clinical factors associated with this condition.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with duodenal biopsies submitted to a national pathology laboratory between January 2, 2008, and December 31, 2015.

Primary Colonic Eosinophilia and Eosinophilic Colitis in Adults.

The normal content of eosinophils in the adult colon and the criteria for the histopathologic diagnosis of eosinophilic colitis remain undefined. This study aimed at: (1) establishing the numbers of eosinophils in the normal adult colon; and (2) proposing a clinicopathologic framework for the diagnosis of primary colonic eosinophilia and eosinophilic colitis. To accomplish these goals, we counted the eosinophils in the right, transverse, and left colon of 159 adults with normal colonic histology.

Prospective assessment of serum periostin as a biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of eosinophilic oesophagitis.

Background: Periostin is highly expressed in eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), but has not been extensively studied as a non-invasive biomarker.

Aim: To assess whether serum periostin distinguished EoE from controls at baseline, had utility for monitoring treatment response, or was associated with IL-13 levels.

Methods: This was a sub-analysis of a prospective cohort study of adults undergoing out-patient upper endoscopy.

Routine Anti-Helicobacter Immunohistochemical Staining is Significantly Superior to Reflex Staining Protocols for the Detection of Helicobacter in Gastric Biopsy Specimens.

Background: The role of special stains in the detection of H. pylori is controversial; some pathologists claim that hematoxylin and eosin staining alone is adequate to detect bacteria, while others maintain that immunohistochemical staining must be used on all gastric biopsies. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that hematoxylin and eosin and histochemical special stains have similar sensitivity and that immunohistochemical staining only marginally enhances the detection rate of the organisms.

Ethnic Variations in Duodenal Villous Atrophy Consistent With Celiac Disease in the United States.

Background & Aims: Celiac disease is a common disorder with a worldwide distribution, although the prevalence among different ethnicities varies. We aimed to measure the prevalence of duodenal villous atrophy among patients of different ethnicities throughout the United States.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of all patients who had duodenal biopsies submitted to a national pathology laboratory between January 2, 2008 and April 30, 2015.