Lipoprotein (a) testing patterns among subjects with a measured lipid panel: The Mayo Clinic experience.

Objective: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been associated with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Approximately 20 % of the population has elevated Lp(a). Despite its well-recognized role in ASCVD, universal screening remains controversial.

Comparative Proteomics Highlights that GenX Exposure Leads to Metabolic Defects and Inflammation in Astrocytes.

Exposure to PFAS such as GenX (HFPO dimer acid) has become increasingly common due to the replacement of older generation PFAS in manufacturing processes. While neurodegenerative and developmental effects of legacy PFAS exposure have been studied in depth, there is a limited understanding specific to the effects of GenX exposure. To investigate the effects of GenX exposure, we exposed to GenX and assessed the motor behavior and performed quantitative proteomics of fly brains to identify molecular changes in the brain.

Intranasal Prime-Boost with Spike Vectors Generates Antibody and T-Cell Responses at the Site of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: Long-lived, re-activatable immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants will rely on T cells recognizing conserved regions of viral proteins across strains. Heterologous prime-boost regimens can elicit elevated levels of circulating CD8+ T cells that provide a reservoir of first responders upon viral infection. Although most vaccines are currently delivered intramuscularly (IM), the initial site of infection is the nasal cavity.

Central nervous system manifestations in acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Despite the growing evidence supporting the existence of CNS involvement in acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (CNS-GvHD), the characteristics and course of the disease are still largely unknown. In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical, biological, radiological, and histopathological characteristics, as well as the clinical course of 66 patients diagnosed with possible CNS-GvHD (pCNS-GvHD), selected by predetermined diagnostic criteria. Results were then contrasted depending on whether pCNS-GvHD occurred before or after day 100 following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Taxonomic intestinal microbiota differences in Lewy body spectrum disease and cohabitant controls.

Background: Microbial dysbiosis has been reported to contribute to development of neurodegenerative diseases, however, there is a need to identify causative/prognostic indicators.

Objectives: To comparatively analyze gut microbiome composition in symptomatic LBD (dementia/mild cognitive impairment), iRBD, and cohabiting controls without LBD or iRBD.

Methods: 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed in 38 cases (27 LBD, 11 iRBD) and 39 cohabitant controls.

Efficacy of the CARES® Dementia 5-Step Method for Hospitals™ Online Training and Certification Program for hospital staff.

The main objective of the current study was to ascertain the efficacy of a newly developed online, video-based dementia training and certification program for hospital staff, the CARES® Dementia 5-Step Method for Hospitals™ Online Training and Certification Program. A parallel randomized waitlist control design was utilized. Participants (N = 272) completed online pre-evaluation measures.

Gábor Transform-Based Antibody Quantitation in Serum: An Interlaboratory Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Investigation.

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (t-mAbs) are crucial for treating various conditions, including cancers and autoimmune disorders. Accurate quantitation and pharmacokinetic monitoring of t-mAbs in serum are essential, but current methods like ligand binding assays (LBAs) and bottom-up peptide liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can lack the sensitivity and specificity needed to meet clinical demands. Emerging techniques using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in top-down and middle-up approaches offer improved ability to accurately quantify mAb proteoforms apart from degradation products by keeping the sample proteins intact or minimizing digestion.

Development and Assessment of a Deceased Donor Organ Recovery Workshop for Surgical Fellows.

Objective: To assess the impact of a deceased donor organ procurement training workshop on the transplant fellow's confidence and proficiency in organ recovery. This pilot workshop was designed to address the current gap in the transplant fellow's training in North America.

Design: Participants' confidence and competence in deceased donor organ recovery were assessed pre- and postworkshop (immediate, 1- and 6-month) using a survey questionnaire.

N-glycoproteomic and proteomic alterations in SRD5A3-deficient fibroblasts.

SRD5A3-CDG is a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) resulting from pathogenic variants in SRD5A3 and follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The enzyme encoded by SRD5A3, polyprenal reductase, plays a crucial role in synthesizing lipid precursors essential for N-linked glycosylation. Despite insights from functional studies into its enzymatic function, there remains a gap in understanding global changes in patient cells.

Navigating the Proteomic Landscape of Menopause: A Review.

: Proteomics encompasses the exploration of protein composition, regulation, function, and pathways. Its influence spans diverse clinical fields and holds promise in addressing various women's health conditions, including cancers, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disorders. However, no comprehensive summary of proteomics and menopausal health exists.

Subconjunctival Administration of an Adeno-Associated Virus Expressing Stanniocalcin-1 Provides Sustained Intraocular Pressure Reduction in Mice.

Purpose: To investigate subconjunctival administration of a single-stranded, adeno-associated virus, serotype 2, engineered to express stanniocalcin-1 with a FLAG tag (ssAAV2-STC-1-FLAG) as a novel sustained (IOP) lowering agent with a reduced ocular surface side effect profile.

Design: In vivo preclinical investigation in mice.

Subjects: C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, prostaglandin F (FP) receptor knockout mice.

Identify Non-mutational p53 Functional Deficiency in Human Cancers.

An accurate assessment of p53's functional statuses is critical for cancer genomic medicine. However, there is a significant challenge in identifying tumors with non-mutational p53 inactivation which is not detectable through DNA sequencing. These undetected cases are often misclassified as p53-normal, leading to inaccurate prognosis and downstream association analyses.

How I do it: surgical ligation of posteromedial tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Background: Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are categorized based on venous drainage and location. Although their angioarchitecture may initially appear intimidating, once "decodified," treatment is straightforward. Posteromedial tentorial dAVFs have an arterialized draining vein that emanates from the inferior tentorium along the posterior third of the straight sinus, just slightly off the midline.

Predicting Choroidal Nevus Transformation to Melanoma Using Machine Learning.

Purpose: To develop and validate machine learning (ML) models to predict choroidal nevus transformation to melanoma based on multimodal imaging at initial presentation.

Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

Participants: Patients diagnosed with choroidal nevus on the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital (2007-2017) or Mayo Clinic Rochester (2015-2023).

The Film Room: Using Artificial Intelligence to Facilitate Video Review for Urology Trainees.

Video-based educational programs offer a promising avenue to augment surgical preparation, allow for targeted feedback delivery, and facilitate surgical coaching. Recently, developments in surgical intelligence and computer vision have allowed for automated video annotation and organization, drastically decreasing the manual workload required to implement video-based educational programs. In this article, we outline the development of a novel AI-assisted video forum and describe the early use in surgical education at our institution.

Engineering Sequestration-Based Biomolecular Classifiers with Shared Resources.

Constructing molecular classifiers that enable cells to recognize linear and nonlinear input patterns would expand the biocomputational capabilities of engineered cells, thereby unlocking their potential in diagnostics and therapeutic applications. While several biomolecular classifier schemes have been designed, the effects of biological constraints such as resource limitation and competitive binding on the function of those classifiers have been left unexplored. Here, we first demonstrate the design of a sigma factor-based perceptron as a molecular classifier working based on the principles of molecular sequestration between the sigma factor and its antisigma molecule.

Liposome-based Freezing Medium Improves the Outcome of Mouse Prepubertal Testicular Tissue Cryopreservation.

Cryopreservation of testicular tissue holds an important role in the field of fertility preservation, particularly for prepubertal boys diagnosed with cancer. However, prepubertal testicular tissue cryopreservation is still considered to be in the experimental stage necessitating the refinement of cryopreservation protocol. Considering the fact that loss of membrane lipids is the primary cause of freeze-thaw-induced loss of testicular cell functions, in this study, we explored the beneficial properties of exogenous supplementation of membrane lipids in the form of liposomes in enhancing the cryosurvival of prepubertal testicular tissue.

Engineered Bacteriophage-Polymer Nanoassemblies for Treatment of Wound Biofilm Infections.

The antibacterial efficacy and specificity of lytic bacteriophages (phages) make them promising therapeutics for treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Restricted penetration of phages through the protective matrix of biofilms, however, may limit their efficacy against biofilm infections. Here, engineered polymers were used to generate noncovalent phage-polymer nanoassemblies (PPNs) that penetrate bacterial biofilms and kill resident bacteria.