Transport and energetics of bacterial rectification.

Randomly moving active particles can be herded into directed motion by asymmetric geometric structures. Although such a rectification process has been extensively studied due to its fundamental, biological, and technological relevance, a comprehensive understanding of active matter rectification based on single particle dynamics remains elusive. Here, by combining experiments, simulations, and theory, we study the directed transport and energetics of swimming bacteria navigating through funnel-shaped obstacles-a paradigmatic model of rectification of living active matter.

Expression-Dependent Tumor Pretargeting via Engineered Avidity.

Selective delivery of therapeutic modalities to tumor cells via binding of tumor-selective cell-surface biomarkers has empowered substantial advances in cancer treatment. Yet, tumor cells generally lack a truly specific biomarker that is present in high density on tumor tissue while being completely absent from healthy tissue. Rather, low but nonzero expression in healthy tissues results in on-target, off-tumor activity with detrimental side effects that constrain the therapeutic window or prevent use altogether.

A meta-synthesis of the cycle of financial strain, coping behaviors and health outcomes across the life course.

Background: The lived experience and impact of financial strain on broad physical and mental health outcomes is important and yet underexplored. Improving our depth of understanding of the relationship between financial strain and health may offer important insights to address this complex phenomenon.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to conduct a meta-synthesis of existing qualitative literature that investigated or described the relationship between financial strain and health outcomes.

Lumped parameter simulations of cervical lymphatic vessels: dynamics of murine cerebrospinal fluid efflux from the skull.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that for rodents, a substantial fraction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains by crossing the cribriform plate into the nasopharyngeal lymphatics, eventually reaching the cervical lymphatic vessels (CLVs). Disruption of this drainage pathway is associated with various neurological disorders.

Methods: We employ a lumped parameter method to numerically model CSF drainage across the cribriform plate to CLVs.

10-Fold Increase in Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactivity for a Series of = 1 Fe═O Complexes Over the = 2 [(TQA)Fe═O] Complex via Entropic Lowering of Reaction Barriers by Secondary Sphere Cycloalkyl Substitution.

Nonheme iron enzymes utilize = 2 iron(IV)-oxo intermediates as oxidants in biological oxygenations. In contrast, corresponding synthetic nonheme Fe═O complexes characterized to date favor the = 1 ground state that generally shows much poorer oxidative reactivity than their = 2 counterparts. However, one intriguing exception found by Nam a decade ago is the = 1 [Fe(O)(MeNTB)] complex (MeNTB = [tris((-methyl-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl)amine], ) with a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity that is 70% that of the = 2 [Fe(O)(TQA)] complex (TQA = tris(2-quinolylmethyl)amine, ).

The Hybrid History of Zebrafish.

Since the description of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in 1822, the identity of its closest living relative has been unclear. To address this problem, we sequenced the exomes of ten species in genus Danio, using the closely related Devario aequipinnatus as outgroup, to infer relationships across the 25 chromosomes of the zebrafish genome. The majority of relationships within Danio were remarkably consistent across all chromosomes.

Targeting quorum sensing for manipulation of commensal microbiota.

Bacteria communicate through the accumulation of autoinducer (AI) molecules that regulate gene expression at critical densities in a process called quorum sensing (QS). Extensive work using simple systems and single strains of bacteria have revealed a role for QS in the regulation of virulence factors and biofilm formation; however, less is known about QS dynamics among communities, especially in vivo. In this review, we summarize the diversity of QS signals as well as their ability to influence "non-target" behaviors among species that have receptors but not synthases for those signals.

Interfacial charge transfer and its impact on transport properties of LaNiO/LaFeO superlattices.

Charge transfer or redistribution at oxide heterointerfaces is a critical phenomenon, often leading to remarkable properties such as two-dimensional electron gas and interfacial ferromagnetism. Despite studies on LaNiO/LaFeO superlattices and heterostructures, the direction and magnitude of the charge transfer remain debated, with some suggesting no charge transfer due to the high stability of Fe (3d). Here, we synthesized a series of epitaxial LaNiO/LaFeO superlattices and demonstrated partial (up to ~0.

Complex Hemodynamic Responses to Trans-Vascular Electrical Stimulation of the Renal Nerve in Anesthetized Pigs.

The objective of this study was to characterize hemodynamic changes during trans-vascular stimulation of the renal nerve and their dependence on stimulation parameters. We employed a stimulation catheter inserted in the right renal artery under fluoroscopic guidance, in pigs. Systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure and heart rate were recorded during stimulations delivered at different intravascular sites along the renal artery or while varying stimulation parameters (amplitude, frequency, and pulse width).

Crystallizing techniques: sample preparations, technical knowledge, and the characterization of blood crystals, 1840-1909.

Sample preparation is the process of altering a naturally occurring object into a representative form that is amenable to scientific inquiry. Preparation is an important preliminary to data collection, ubiquitous in the life sciences and elsewhere, yet relatively neglected in historical and philosophical literature. This paper presents a detailed historical case study involving the preparation and study of blood crystals in the nineteenth century.

Successful treatment of an intrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt causing dysfunction in a pediatric liver transplant graft.

A 5-month-old child developed severe liver dysfunction after a liver transplant with a partial liver graft. Ultrasound examination revealed a communication between the left portal vein and the left hepatic vein, a rare congenital portosystemic shunt. Here we describe the successful management of this shunt with an endovascular closure device.

Immune System-Related Plasma Pathogenic Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations Predict Osteoarthritis Progression.

Certain molecules found on the surface or within the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are linked to osteoarthritis (OA) severity and progression. We aimed to identify plasma pathogenic EV subpopulations that can predict knee radiographic OA (rOA) progression. We analyzed the mass spectrometry-based proteomic data of plasma EVs and synovial fluid (SF) EVs from knee OA patients (n = 16, 50% female).

Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Predicted by Theory of Planned Behavior Among Midwest Undergraduates.

Plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) such as the Impossible Burger imitate animal meat appearance, taste, feel, and texture. Part of their consumer appeal are the views that PBMAs are more environmentally friendly, reduce inhumane treatment of animals, and/or have preferred nutritional attributes. College-educated adults are one of the larger markets for these products.

Scoping Review About spp. in Colombian Pig Farms from 2009 to Mid-2024.

In Colombia, research on Salmonella concerning animal health, veterinary diagnostics, and epidemiology within the primary production chain is limited. This study aimed to analyze the published data about Salmonella in the Colombian primary pig production chain from 2009 to mid-2024. This involved an exploratory literature review using systematic search strategies, including articles, graduate studies, conference presentations, and technical reports from the selected period.

EXACT-Net: Framework for EHR-Guided Lung Tumor Auto-Segmentation for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Radiotherapy.

Background/objectives: Lung cancer is a devastating disease with the highest mortality rate among cancer types. Over 60% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, accounting for 87% of lung cancer diagnoses, require radiation therapy. Rapid treatment initiation significantly increases the patient's survival rate and reduces the mortality rate.

Discovery, Validation and Mechanistic Study of XPO1 Inhibition in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with limited treatment options. The nuclear export protein XPO1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in cancer, but its role in TNBC has not been fully characterized. This study investigates the potential of repurposing selinexor, an FDA-approved XPO1 inhibitor, as a novel therapeutic options for TNBC.

Guardians at the Gate: Optimization of Small Molecule Entry Inhibitors of Ebola and Marburg Viruses.

Ebola and Marburg (EBOV and MARV) filoviral infections lead to fatal hemorrhagic fevers and have caused over 30 outbreaks in the last 50 years. Currently, there are no FDA-approved small molecule therapeutics for effectively treating filoviral diseases. To address this unmet medical need, we have conducted a systematic structural optimization of an early lead compound, -(4-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-(morpholinomethyl)benzamide (), borne from our previously reported hit-to-lead effort.

The Impact of Sugar Conformation on the Single-Stranded DNA Selectivity of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B Enzymes.

The APOBEC3 family of polynucleotide cytidine deaminases has diverse roles as viral restriction factors and oncogenic mutators. These enzymes convert cytidine to uridine in single-stranded (ss)DNA, inducing genomic mutations that promote drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity. Of the seven human APOBEC3 members, APOBEC3A (A3A) and APOBEC3B (A3B) are most implicated in driving pro-tumorigenic mutations.

Genetic Analysis of Psychosis Biotypes: Shared Ancestry-Adjusted Polygenic Risk and Unique Genomic Associations.

The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) created psychosis Biotypes based on neurobiological measurements in a multi-ancestry sample. These Biotypes cut across DSM diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Two recently developed ancestry adjustment methods of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) generate Ancestry-Adjusted PRSs (AAPRSs), which allow for PRS analysis of multi-ancestry samples.

Recent court ruling could increase the size and administrative complexity of the 340B program.

The 340B program allows certain hospitals and clinics to use outpatient drugs purchased at substantial discounts on insured patients, generating profits to fund care. The size of these profits depends on the number of prescriptions filled by participating hospital or clinics' insured patients that also meet the Health Resources and Services Agency's definition of an eligible patient. A recent court case has challenged the Agency's longstanding definition of a patient, resulting in new definition that could significantly expand the size of the program and create conflicts when an insured patient satisfies the new definition for more than one hospital or clinic participating in the program.

Veterans Affairs Military Toxic Exposure Research Conference: Veteran-centric Approach and Community of Practice.

The U.S. Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act expands benefits and services to U.

Effectiveness of electronic medical record-based strategies for death and hospital admission endpoint capture in pragmatic clinical trials.

Objective: Event capture in clinical trials is resource-intensive, and electronic medical records (EMRs) offer a potential solution. This study develops algorithms for EMR-based death and hospitalization capture and compares them with traditional event capture methods.

Materials And Methods: We compared the effectiveness of EMR-based event capture and site-captured events adjudicated by a clinical endpoint committee in the multi-center INfluenza Vaccine to Effectively Stop cardio Thoracic Events and Decompensated heart failure (INVESTED) trial for participants from the Veterans Affairs healthcare system.

Choice of Link Functions for Generalized Linear Mixed Models in Meta-Analyses of Proportions.

Two-step approaches for synthesizing proportions in a meta-analysis require first transforming the proportions to a scale where their distribution across studies can be approximated by a normal distribution. Commonly used transformations include the log, logit, arcsine, and Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformations. Alternatively, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) can be fit directly on the data using the exact binomial likelihood.

Experimental Definition of the = 1 π vs = 2 σ Reactivity and = 2 Character in the Ground State of an = 1 FeO Complex.

Iron(IV)-oxo intermediates found in iron enzymes and artificial catalysts are competent for H atom abstraction in catalytic cycles. For = 2 intermediates, both axial and equatorial approaches are well-established. The mechanism for = 1 sites is not as well understood: an equatorial approach is more energetically favorable, and an axial approach requires crossing from the = 1 to the = 2 surface.