Variation in compressive mechanical properties between subacute and chronic venous thrombosis in a novel unilateral iliac thrombosis model.

Interventional therapies to relieve chronic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) fail through inability to penetrate, cross, and remove the occlusion. Development of suitable tools requires fundamental understanding of chronic DVT mechanical properties and a reliable model for testing. Female farm swine underwent a novel, endovenous generation of long-segment unilateral iliac vein thrombosis.

Sexual Minority Stress: Preliminary Evidence of Accelerated Pubertal Development in Early Adolescence.

Introduction: Societal stressors place a tremendous burden on individuals who identify with a sexual minority identity. While minority stress experienced by racial/ethnic minority groups has been linked to accelerated aging, this link has yet to be examined among sexual minority youth. This study explores whether sexual minority youth who indicate experiencing stress at home or school (Minority Stress) due to their identity show evidence of accelerated aging (pubertal status or tempo) compared to those who do not report such experiences (No Minority Stress).

Barriers to Adherence with Clinic Visits in Patients with Uveitis.

Purpose: To assess the patient barriers to adherence with appointment follow-up in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders across the United States.

Methods: This was a multicenter study of adult and pediatric patients at the Wilmer Eye Institute, University of Texas at Austin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Veterans Administration Hospital, and Washington University of St. Louis.

Gender and Race Differences in Rates of PTSD Service Connection: Results From a Nationally Representative Panel of OEF/OIF/OND Veterans.

Background: Department of Veterans Affairs disability benefits for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), also known as "service connection," have been shown to reduce homelessness and poverty, increase mental health engagement, and improve clinical outcomes. However, gender and race disparities in PTSD service connection have been described in Vietnam and post-Vietnam era Veterans.

Methods: Post-traumatic stress disorder service connection outcomes were assessed in a nationally representative, randomly selected, gender-stratified, prospective panel of 960 Veterans who served during Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn.

Next generation bioelectronic medicine: making the case for non-invasive closed-loop autonomic neuromodulation.

The field of bioelectronic medicine has advanced rapidly from rudimentary electrical therapies to cutting-edge closed-loop systems that integrate real-time physiological monitoring with adaptive neuromodulation. Early innovations, such as cardiac pacemakers and deep brain stimulation, paved the way for these sophisticated technologies. This review traces the historical and technological progression of bioelectronic medicine, culminating in the emerging potential of closed-loop devices for multiple disorders of the brain and body.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Bose-Einstein condensation of a two-magnon bound state in a spin-1 triangular lattice.

In ordered magnets, the elementary excitations are spin waves (magnons), which obey Bose-Einstein statistics. Similarly to Cooper pairs in superconductors, magnons can be paired into bound states under attractive interactions. The Zeeman coupling to a magnetic field is able to tune the particle density through a quantum critical point, beyond which a 'hidden order' is predicted to exist.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Hominin presence in Eurasia by at least 1.95 million years ago.

The timing of the initial dispersal of hominins into Eurasia is unclear. Current evidence indicates hominins were present at Dmanisi, Georgia by 1.8 million years ago (Ma), but other ephemeral traces of hominins across Eurasia predate Dmanisi.

Updating the kidney donor risk index: Removing donor race and hepatitis C virus status.

This study reports the results of a recalculation of the kidney donor risk index (KDRI) formula requested by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network's Minority Affairs Committee to remove donor race and hepatitis C virus (HCV) status variables. The updated KDRI model was fit on adult, deceased donor, solitary kidney, first-time transplants from 2018 through 2021. Deceased donors from 2018 through 2021 were included in a counterfactual analysis to evaluate how the kidney donor profile index (KDPI) would change if race and HCV seropositivity were excluded.

N-Branched Tricyclic Guanidines as Novel Melanocortin-3 Receptor Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonists.

The melanocortin receptors are a class of centrally and peripherally expressed G protein-coupled receptors, of which the MC3R and MC4R subtypes are implicated in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis and can serve as potential therapeutic targets for disorders such as obesity and cachexia. An unbiased high-throughput mixture-based library screen was implemented to identify novel ligands with an emphasis on the identification of nanomolar-potent agonists of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor. This screen yielded the discovery of an N-branched tricyclic guanidine scaffold (TPI2408) that contained three nanomolar potent mMC3R agonists and additional compounds that possessed antagonism for the mMC4R.

CAR-T cell targeting three receptors on autoreactive B cells for systemic lupus erythematosus therapy.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated B cell activation, autoantibody production, and nephritis. B cell activating factor (BAFF) overexpression enhances autoreactive B-cell survival, driving autoimmunity. BAFF specific belimumab and CD20 specific rituximab antibodies are used for SLE therapy but are not curative, highlighting the need for alternative B cell depletion therapies.

Promoting Identity Development, Multicultural Attitudes, and Civic Engagement Through Ethnic Studies: Evidence From a Natural Experiment.

This study used a natural experiment design to examine the impact of ethnic studies courses on students' ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development, multicultural attitudes, and civic engagement during the 2021-2022 school year in Minneapolis, MN (N = 535; 33.5% White, 29.5% Black, 21.

Performance-based and patient-reported outcome measures for custom ankle-foot orthosis users: reliability, validity, and sensitivity evidence.

Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of performance and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for custom ankle-foot orthosis (AFOs) users.

Materials And Methods: Current AFO users completed two assessments one week apart; new AFO users completed an assessment before device delivery and at one- and two-months post-delivery.

Results: Seventy current and 31 new users consented and provided data.

CYCLE-CONSISTENT SELF-SUPERVISED LEARNING FOR IMPROVED HIGHLY-ACCELERATED MRI RECONSTRUCTION.

Physics-driven deep learning (PD-DL) has become a powerful tool for accelerated MRI. Recent developments have also developed unsupervised learning for PD-DL, including self-supervised learning. However, at very high acceleration rates, such approaches show performance deterioration.

TOWARDS FAST HARD-CONSTRAINED PARALLEL TRANSMIT DESIGN IN ULTRAHIGH FIELD MRI WITH PHYSICS-DRIVEN NEURAL NETWORKS.

Parallel transmission (pTx) is an important technique for reducing transmit field inhomogeneities at ultrahigh-field (UHF) MRI. pTx typically involves solving an optimization problem for radiofrequency pulse design, with hard constraints on specific-absorption rate (SAR) and/or power, which may be time-consuming. In this work, we propose a novel approach towards incorporating hard constraints to physics-driven neural networks.

Zero-Shot Adaptation for Approximate Posterior Sampling of Diffusion Models in Inverse Problems.

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative techniques for solving inverse problems. Despite their success in a variety of inverse problems in imaging, these models require many steps to converge, leading to slow inference time. Recently, there has been a trend in diffusion models for employing sophisticated noise schedules that involve more frequent iterations of timesteps at lower noise levels, thereby improving image generation and convergence speed.

Longitudinal Measures of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Subfertility in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Introduction: Previous reports have noted associations between subfertility in women and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in later life. However, reports conflict regarding the associations between subfertility and CVD risk factors. Using data from a population-based cohort of Black and White women, we examined the association between longitudinal assessments of CVD risk factors and subfertility.

Effect of chest compressions in addition to extracorporeal life support on carotid flow in an experimental model of refractory cardiac arrest in pigs.

Background: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) provides organ perfusion in refractory cardiac arrest but during the initiation of ECLS mean arterial pressure (MAP) and carotid flow may be suboptimal due to hypotension and/or insufficient flow. We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in addition to ECLS may increase carotid flow and MAP compared to ECLS alone.

Methods: Observational pilot study comparing hemodynamic parameters before and after CPR cessation in pigs supported by ECLS for experimental refractory cardiac arrest.

UNCERTAINTY-GUIDED PHYSICS-DRIVEN DEEP LEARNING RECONSTRUCTION VIA CYCLIC MEASUREMENT CONSISTENCY.

Physics-driven deep learning (PD-DL) techniques have recently emerged as a powerful means for improved computational imaging, including in MRI applications. These methods use the physics information by incorporating the known forward model for data fidelity, while performing regularization using neural networks. There has been substantial progress in the training of PD-DL reconstruction methods, ranging from simple supervised learning to more practical self-supervised learning and generative models that allow training without reference data.

Physical principles and mechanisms of cell migration.

Cell migration is critical in processes such as developmental biology, wound healing, immune response, and cancer invasion/metastasis. Understanding its regulation is essential for developing targeted therapies in regenerative medicine, cancer treatment and immune modulation. This review examines cell migration mechanisms, highlighting fundamental physical principles, key molecular components, and cellular behaviors, identifying existing gaps in current knowledge, and suggesting potential directions for future research.

A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes ischemic damage and cardiac remodeling that ultimately progresses into ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Coronary revascularization reduces morbidity and mortality from an MI, however, reperfusion also induces oxidative stress that drives cardiac myocyte (CM) dysfunction and ICM. Oxidative stress in CMs leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial damage.

Predictive acoustical processing in human cortical layers.

In our dynamic environments, predictive processing is vital for auditory perception and its associated behaviors. Predictive coding formalizes inferential processes by implementing them as information exchange across cortical layers and areas. With laminar-specific blood oxygenation level dependent we measured responses to a cascading oddball paradigm, to ground predictive auditory processes on the mesoscopic human cortical architecture.

Exosomes derived from highly scalable and regenerative human progenitor cells promote functional improvement in a rat model of ischemic stroke.

Globally, there are 15 million stroke patients each year who have significant neurological deficits. Today, there are no treatments that directly address these deficits. With demographics shifting to an older population, the problem is worsening.