Salivary proteomics and metaproteomics identifies distinct molecular and taxonomic signatures of type-2 diabetes.

Background: Saliva is a protein-rich body fluid for noninvasive discovery of biomolecules, containing both human and microbial components, associated with various chronic diseases. Type-2 diabetes (T2D) imposes a significant health and socio-economic burden. Prior research on T2D salivary microbiome utilized methods such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and low-throughput proteomics.

Facet joint tropism in degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a retrospective case-control study.

Background: To investigate the association between lumbar degenerative scoliosis and the dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA), the lumbar canal anterior-posterior (LCAP) diameter, and the neural foraminal cross-sectional area (NFCA) in relation to facet joint tropism (FJT).

Methods: In a retrospective case-control study, we analyzed data from 160 patients referred for lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2020 and December 2022. Cobb's angle on anteroposterior lumbosacral X-ray is served to identify the presence of degenerative lumbar scoliosis-Cobb's angle exceeding 10 degrees-, and axial T2W MRI is implemented to evaluate facet joint angles and tropism-defined as a difference exceeding 10 degrees between the facet joint angles at each level-, DSCA, LCAP, and NFCA.

Guidance on biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration: Fabrication methods, materials and biological considerations.

Regeneration of the multiple tissues and interfaces in the periodontal complex necessitates multidisciplinary evaluation to establish structure/function relationships. This article, an initiative of the Academy of Dental Materials, provides guidance for performing chemical, structural, and mechanical characterization of materials for periodontal tissue regeneration, and outlines important recommendations on methods of testing bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties of biomaterials/scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering. First, we briefly summarize periodontal tissue engineering fabrication methods.

Multi-scale Analysis Reveals Hippocampal Subfield Vulnerabilities to Chronic Cortisol Overexposure: Evidence from Cushing's Disease.

Background: Chronic cortisol overexposure plays a significant role in the development of neuropathological changes associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The hippocampus, the primary target of cortisol, may exhibit characteristic regional responses due to its internal heterogeneity. This study explores structural and functional alterations of hippocampal subfields in Cushing's disease (CD), an endogenous model of chronic cortisol overexposure.

Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the most reported sexual dysfunction among premenopausal women worldwide. Bremelanotide, trade name Vyleesi, has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat HSDD. However, despite approval, very little is known about its neurobiological mechanism of action.

Exploring In Vivo Human Brain Metabolism at 10.5 T: Initial Insights from MR Spectroscopic Imaging.

Introduction: Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance (MR) systems (7 T and 9.4 T) offer the ability to probe human brain metabolism with enhanced precision. Here, we present the preliminary findings from 3D MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the human brain conducted with the world's first 10.

Multivariate proteome-wide association study to identify causal proteins for Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for the majority of individuals with dementia. Here, we aim to identify causal plasma proteins for AD, shedding light on the etiology of AD. We utilized the latest large-scale plasma proteomic data from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) and AD genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP).

Social and Legal Needs in Patients and Families With Cancer: Interaction With Patient-Level Financial Toxicity.

Adverse financial burden and its effect on patients resulting from the costs associated with cancer care, both direct and indirect, is known as financial toxicity. This review explores the interplay between financial toxicity and key social and legal needs in cancer care. Drawing from the WHO's framework and the ASCO's policy statement on social determinants of health, we propose a conceptual model that discusses five key needs-housing insecurity, food insecurity, transportation and access barriers, employment disruptions, and psychosocial needs-which interact with, and are affected by financial toxicity, and adversely influence patients' well-being and adherence to treatment.

A hybrid meta on-top functional for multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory.

Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) was proposed a decade ago, but it is still in the early stage of density functional development. MC-PDFT uses functionals that are called on-top functionals; they depend on the density and the on-top pair density. Most MC-PDFT calculations to date have been unoptimized translations of generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) of Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT).

"Now I can see it works!" Perspectives on Using a Nutrition-Focused Approach When Initiating Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Food choices play a significant role in achieving glycemic goals and optimizing overall health for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can provide a comprehensive look at the impact of foods and other behaviors on glucose in real time and over the course of time. The impact of using a nutrition-focused approach (NFA) when initiating CGM in people with T2D is unknown.

Investigation of Transformation Pathways of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances during Chlorine Disinfection.

Recent regulations on perfluorinated compounds in drinking water underscore the need for a deeper understanding of the formation of perfluorinated compounds from polyfluoroalkyl substances during chlorine disinfection. Among the compounds investigated in this study, N-(3-(dimethylaminopropan-1-yl)perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonamide (N-AP-FHxSA) underwent rapid transformation during chlorination. Within an hour, it produced quantitative yields of various poly- and per-fluorinated products, including perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA).

Protocol for applying Tumor Treating Fields in mouse models of cancer using the inovivo system.

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields clinically approved for cancer treatment, delivered via arrays attached to the patient's skin. Here, we present a protocol for applying TTFields to torso orthotopic and subcutaneous mouse tumor models using the inovivo system. We guide users on proper system component connections, study protocol design, mouse fur depilation, array application, and treatment condition adjustment and monitoring.

Prevalence, Etiology and Outcomes of Native Pulmonary Regurgitation in the General Adult Population.

Aims: Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) after reparative intervention for congenital heart disease has been studied extensively. However, the burden, distribution of causes, and outcome of PR in adults is unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, types, and outcomes of moderate/severe PR in adults in the community setting.

Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain andN-Terminal Domain mRNA Vaccine.

Background: mRNA-1283 is an investigational COVID-19 mRNA vaccine encoding the receptor-binding and N-terminal domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in contrast to the original mRNA-1273, which encodes the full-length spike protein.

Methods: A phase 2a, dose-ranging, observer-blind, randomized study (NCT05137236) conducted in adults (≥18 years) previously vaccinated with mRNA-1273 evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of mRNA-1283 (2.5, 5, and 10 µg) and its bivalent formulation, mRNA-1283.

Attributable Risk and Consequences of Bone Mineral Density Deficits in Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Importance: Data characterizing the severity and changing prevalence of bone mineral density (BMD) deficits and associated nonfracture consequences among childhood cancer survivors decades after treatment are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate risk for moderate and severe BMD deficits in survivors and to identify long-term consequences of BMD deficits.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the St Jude Lifetime (SJLIFE) cohort, a retrospectively constructed cohort with prospective follow-up.

Variations and Opportunities in Postnatal Management of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn.

Importance: Preventive efforts in pregnancy-related alloimmunization have considerably decreased the prevalence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). International studies are therefore essential to obtain a deeper understanding of the postnatal management and outcomes of HDFN. Taken together with numerous treatment options, large practice variations among centers may exist.

Temporal Trends of Subsequent CNS Malignancies Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer.

Purpose: It is not known whether temporal changes in childhood cancer therapy have reduced risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) of the central nervous system (CNS), a frequently fatal late effect of cancer therapy.

Methods: Five-year survivors of primary childhood cancers diagnosed between 1970-1999 in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study with a subsequent CNS SMN were identified. Cumulative incidence rates and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were compared among survivors diagnosed between 1970-1979 (N = 6223), 1980-1989 (N = 9680), and 1990-1999 (N = 8999).

p63: A Master Regulator at the Crossroads Between Development, Senescence, Aging, and Cancer.

The p63 protein is a master regulatory transcription factor that plays crucial roles in cell differentiation, adult tissue homeostasis, and chromatin remodeling, and its dysregulation is associated with genetic disorders, physiological and premature aging, and cancer. The effects of p63 are carried out by two main isoforms that regulate cell proliferation and senescence. p63 also controls the epigenome by regulating interactions with histone modulators, such as the histone acetyltransferase p300, deacetylase HDAC1/2, and DNA methyltransferases.

α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a therapeutic vulnerability in acute myeloid leukemia.

Perturbations in intermediary metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and can produce therapeutically actionable dependencies. Here, we probed whether alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) metabolism represents a specific vulnerability in AML. Using functional genomics, metabolomics, and mouse models, we identified the aKG dehydrogenase complex, which catalyzes the conversion of aKG to succinyl CoA, as a molecular dependency across multiple models of adverse-risk AML.

The Impact of Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin on Orthodontic Tooth Movement during Retraction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim: This study intended to comprehend the effects of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on anchor loss and space closure rates during the retraction phase of orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four participants with malocclusion, necessitating extractions and space closure during orthodontic treatment, were enrolled and divided into two groups ( = 12 participants) group A: the experimental group was administered i-PRF on the maxilla/mandible, while group B: the control group did not. Measurements of the rate of space closure, anchor loss, and salivary enzyme activity were done before retraction (T0), after three weeks (T1), after six weeks (T2), and after nine weeks (T3).

Family Planning and Concerns of Unfair Treatment of (Potential) Children Among Partnered Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals.

People with sexual minority (SM) identities are less likely to aspire to be parents than their heterosexual counterparts. This differential may be due to concerns by SM people about their child(ren) encountering prejudice or discrimination. The objective of this study is to empirically examine whether SM respondents' rationales for not having children are due to concerns that their child(ren) will be treated unfairly.

Early Feasibility Study with the SATURN Transapical Mitral Valve Replacement Device.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of the early feasibility study of transapical transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) with the SATURN System (InnovHeart, Milano, Italy) to treat patients with severe functional mitral regurgitation.

Description: Five high surgical risk patients underwent transapical transcatheter mitral valve replacement with the SATURN System at a single center. One-year follow-up is complete for all patients.