Trends in Osteoporosis Drug Therapy Receipt Among Commercial and Medicare Advantage Enrollees in the United States, 2011-2022.

Context: A national assessment of osteoporosis drug therapy (ODT) use can inform the extent of underdiagnosis and undertreatment of osteoporosis.

Objective: The aim was to describe trends in ODT use by age, sex, fragility fracture, and documented osteoporosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patient-quarter observations for adults aged ≥50 years with commercial or Medicare Advantage health insurance in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse between 2011 and 2022.

The role of cancer cell-released extracellular vesicles: have we become closer to cancer pain treatment?

The effective management of cancer pain continues to be a challenge because of our limited understanding of cancer pain mechanisms and, in particular, how cancer cells interact with neurons to produce pain. In a study published in , Inyang used a mouse model of human papillomavirus (HPV1)-induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma to show a role for cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (cancer sEVs) in cancer pain. They found that inhibiting the release of sEVs reduced spontaneous and evoked pain behaviors, and that pain produced by sEVs is due to activation of TRPV1 channels.

Postnatal deletion of Phlpp1 in chondrocytes delays post-traumatic osteoarthritis in male mice.

Objective: Osteoarthritis is a chronic, debilitating disease that causes long-term pain and immobility. Germline deletion of Phlpp1 or administration of small molecules that inhibit Phlpp1 prevents post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in mice. However, the chondrocyte-intrinsic role of Phlpp1 in PTOA progression is unknown.

The Fragility of Statistical Findings in Meniscus Repair Literature: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Within the realm of orthopedic literature, the determination of statistical significance for outcomes relies on probability analysis and the reporting of P-values. The aim of this study was to employ fragility analysis as a means of evaluating the resilience of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess meniscus surgeries. It was hypothesized that dichotomous outcomes would be statistically fragile and comparable to other orthopedic specialties.

Evaluating the effect of denoising submillimeter auditory fMRI data with NORDIC.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has emerged as an essential tool for exploring human brain function. Submillimeter fMRI, in particular, has emerged as a tool to study mesoscopic computations. The inherently low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at submillimeter resolutions warrants the use of denoising approaches tailored at reducing thermal noise-the dominant contributing noise component in high-resolution fMRI.

Mind the Data Gap: Using a Multi-Measurement Synthesis for Identifying the Challenges and Opportunities in Studying Plant Drought Response and Recovery.

Understanding and predicting plant water dynamics during and after water stress is increasingly important but challenging because the high-dimensional nature of the soil-plant-atmosphere system makes it difficult to identify mechanisms and constrain behaviour. Datasets that capture hydrological, physiological and meteorological variation during changing water availability are relatively rare but offer a potentially valuable resource to constrain plant water dynamics. This study reports on a drydown and re-wetting experiment of potted Populus trichocarpa, which intensively characterised plant water fluxes, water status and water sources.

Blood absolute lymphocyte count and trajectory are important in understanding severe COVID-19.

Background: Low blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) may predict severe COVID-19 outcomes. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the relationship of ALC trajectory with clinical outcomes and factors associated with lymphopenia.

Methods: Our post hoc analysis of the Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 platform trial utilized proportional hazards models to assess relationships between Day (D) 0 lymphopenia (ALC < 0.

A multi-site feasibility study of a stepped-care telehealth intervention for depression and anxiety in post-treatment cancer survivors at community cancer clinics (WF-30917CD).

Purpose: This feasibility study estimated accrual, retention, adherence, and summarized preliminary efficacy data from a stepped-care telehealth intervention for cancer survivors with moderate or severe levels of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms.

Methods: Participants were randomized to intervention or enhanced usual care (stratified by symptom severity). In the intervention group, those with moderate symptoms received a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) workbook/6 bi-weekly check-in calls (low intensity) and severe symptoms received the workbook/12 weekly therapy sessions (high intensity).

Ventral pallidal GABAergic neurons drive consumption in male, but not female rats.

Food intake is controlled by multiple converging signals: hormonal signals that provide information about energy homeostasis, but also hedonic and motivational aspects of food and food cues that can drive non-homeostatic or "hedonic" feeding. The ventral pallidum (VP) is a brain region implicated in the hedonic and motivational impact of food and foods cues, as well as consumption of rewards. Disinhibition of VP neurons has been shown to generate intense hyperphagia, or overconsumption.

Contextualizing the Upper Paleolithic of the Armenian Highlands: New data from Solak-1, central Armenia.

As a potential corridor connecting Southwest Asia with western and northern Europe, the Armenian Highlands and southern Caucasus hold great potential for increasing our understanding of Upper Paleolithic behavioral and cultural variability. However, given the dearth of Upper Paleolithic sites, we lack the data necessary to answer basic questions regarding the timing and nature of the Upper Paleolithic in this region. Solak-1 is an open-air site located along the upper Hrazdan Valley (1635 m above sea level) in central Armenia.

Association of age and performance status with adverse events in older adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving frontline R-CHOP therapy: Alliance 151930, a secondary analysis of the phase III trial CALGB 50303.

Introduction: Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy is the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, detailed delineation of toxicity data is limited and has not been examined by age. We sought to examine adverse event data in patients receiving R-CHOP from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 50303 trial to determine if there were differences in grade 3+ toxicities by age cohort or ECOG performance status (PS), and if outcome was impacted by age cohort or toxicity occurrence.

Purpose in Life After Brain Injury: Expanding the Focus and Impact of Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-altering event that can abruptly and drastically derail an individual's expected life trajectory. While some adults who have sustained a TBI go on to make a full recovery, many live with persisting disability many years postinjury. Helping patients adjust to and flourish with disability that may persist should be as much a part of rehabilitative practice as addressing impairment, activity, and participation-level changes after TBI.

Downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation: Results from a national multi-center prospective cohort study.

Background Aims: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) meeting UNOS-downstaging (DS) criteria have excellent post-liver transplantation (LT) outcomes. Studies on HCC beyond UNOS-DS criteria ("All-comers" (AC)) have been limited by small sample size and short follow-up time, prompting this analysis.

Approach Results: 326 patients meeting UNOS-DS and 190 meeting AC criteria from 9 LT centers across 5 UNOS regions were enrolled from 2015 to 2023 and prospectively followed.

Rib and Sternum Nonunions: Diagnosis and Treatment and Awareness of Other Potential Posttraumatic Pathology.

As the operative management of acute, chest wall, skeletal injury escalates throughout the world, it has become commonplace for patients with posttraumatic conditions to present with clinical reconstructive challenges as well. In addition, it is becoming clear that rib nonunions are not rare, likely more than 5% of rib fractures. No subspecialty is better equipped to address such painful conditions than orthopaedic surgery.

Best Available Outcomes Evidence Informing Standard of Care.

Although nonoperative management is the mainstay for rib fracture treatment, surgical stabilization of rib fractures is becoming more common. Recently, the number of high-quality studies on management of rib fractures has also increased. The primary purpose of this review is to analyze the currently available prospective randomized studies on the management of rib fractures.

Discussion of Surgical Indications: The Black, White, and Gray.

Chest wall trauma is rapidly evolving and now represents a multidisciplinary field with incredible growth in research and surgical intervention; however, even with more than 800 publications on chest wall trauma to date, surgical indications are not black and white. Injury patterns need to be better defined and outcome measurements need to evolve for accurate longer term functional assessment of patients if this field of surgery is to move beyond historical indications for operative intervention. This essay will communicate what is known about operative indications in a way that stratifies the need for surgery.

Dorsal hippocampus represents locations to avoid as well as locations to approach during approach-avoidance conflict.

Worrying about perceived threats is a hallmark of multiple psychological disorders including anxiety. This concern about future events is particularly important when an individual is faced with an approach-avoidance conflict. Potential goals to approach are known to be represented in the dorsal hippocampus during theta cycles.

Cognitive impairment caused by compromised hepatic ketogenesis is prevented by endurance exercise.

Extensive research has demonstrated endurance exercise to be neuroprotective. Whether these neuroprotective benefits are mediated, in part, by hepatic ketone production remains unclear. To investigate the role of hepatic ketone production on brain health during exercise, healthy 6-month-old female rats underwent viral knockdown of the rate-limiting enzyme in the liver that catalyses the first reaction in ketogenesis: 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2).

Impaired hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis underlies eccentric contraction-induced force loss in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle.

Eccentric contraction- (ECC) induced force loss is a hallmark of murine dystrophin-deficient (mdx) skeletal muscle that is used to assess efficacy of potential therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. While virtually all key proteins involved in muscle contraction have been implicated in ECC force loss, a unifying mechanism that orchestrates force loss across such diverse molecular targets has not been identified. We showed that correcting defective hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling in mdx muscle prevented ECC force loss.

Double kissing crush versus culotte for bifurcation percutaneous coronary interventions: insights from the PROGRESS-BIFURCATION registry.

Background: Upfront 2-stent techniques are often used in bifurcation percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), but there is controversy about optimal strategy selection.

Methods: The authors examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics and long-term outcomes of 232 bifurcation PCIs that were performed using the double kissing (DK) crush or culotte technique in 216 patients between 2014 and 2023 using data from the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Bifurcation Lesion Interventions (NCT05100992). The inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess long-term outcomes.

Use of the Ostial Flash balloon in aorto-ostial chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: The use of the Ostial Flash balloon (Ostial Corporation) has received limited study in aorto-ostial chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI).

Methods: The authors evaluated the outcomes of Ostial Flash balloon use in a large CTO-PCI registry (PROGRESS-CTO, NCT02061436).

Results: The Ostial Flash balloon was used in 54 of 907 aorto-ostial CTO PCIs in 905 patients (6.

Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance: Fragility fractures result in significant morbidity.

Objective: To review evidence on osteoporosis screening to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through January 9, 2024; references, experts, and literature surveillance through July 31, 2024.

Cancer Incidence in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) - The Onco-SOL Ancillary Study.

Background: Few studies have examined how cancer incidence varies by country of origin among United States Hispanic/Latino adults. Herein, we describe the incidence rates of cancer overall and for screen-detectable, tobacco-related, and obesity-related cancers among 16,415 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), an ongoing population-based cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults from diverse backgrounds.

Methods: Cohort participant records were linked to the state cancer registries in New York, Florida, California, and Illinois to ascertain cancer incidence from baseline (2008-2011) through 2021.