Diet and predation risk affect tissue and excretion nutrients of Trinidadian guppies: a field survey.

Consumers vary in their excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus, altering nutrient cycles and ecosystem function. Traditional mass balance models that focus on dietary and tissue nutrients have poorly explained such variation in excretion. Here, we contrast diet and tissue nutrient models for nutrient excretion with predation risk, an often overlooked factor, using the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as our model system.

Lake pulses driven by glacier melting and climate variability.

The Tibetan Plateau is home to numerous glaciers that are important for freshwater supply and climate regulation. These glaciers, which are highly sensitive to climatic variations, serve as vital indicators of climate change. Understanding glacier-fed hydrological systems is essential for predicting water availability and formulating climate adaptation strategies.

Managed honeybees and soil nitrogen availability interactively modulate sunflower production in intensive agricultural landscapes of China.

Insects provide important pollination services for cops. While land use intensification has resulted in steep declines of wild pollinator diversity across agricultural landscapes, releasing managed honeybees has been proposed as a countermeasure. However, it remains uncertain whether managed honeybees can close the pollination gap of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.

Identifying the Knowledge and Capacity Gaps in Southeast Asian Insect Conservation.

Insects represent most of terrestrial animal biodiversity, and multiple reports suggest that their populations are declining globally due to anthropogenic impacts. Yet, a high proportion of insect species remain undescribed and limited data on their population dynamics hamper insect conservation efforts. This is particularly critical in tropical biodiversity hotspots such as Southeast Asia.

Metabolomic and biochemical insights into bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of black oilseed testa and peeled seeds.

Black oilseed crops are rich in diverse phenolic compounds and have excellent antioxidant activities, as reported in traditional Chinese medicine. Testa (seed coat) and peeled seeds (cotyledon, embryo, and other structures) are the seed's crucial components, contributing to the variation in phytonutrient, phenol content, bioactive component, and protective and pharmacological effects. However, comprehensive and comparative information on total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant, and metabolic profiles in black seed testa and peeled sesame, soybean, peanut, and rapeseed seeds is rare.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Primary Tritipyrum Lines in Comparison with Bread Wheat Varieties and Triticale Lines using SCoT Markers.

Background: Triticale and tritipyrum as a new artificial cereal were investigated as potential stress-resistant alternatives within the Triticeae tribe due to their notable adaptability to environmental stresses.

Objectives: The first purpose of this study was to determine the genetic variation of 14 genotypes on physiological traits in arid and semi-arid climate of Yazd province on primary trans chromosomal tritipyrum (PTCT) lines, promising triticale lines, and Iranian and Afghan bread wheat cultivars, and the second purpose was to investigate the genetic diversity and classification of genotypes using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers.

Materials And Methods: The photosynthesis pigments, proline, and catalase enzyme activity of 14 genotypes were determined.

Effect of ultrasound on the physical, biochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of industrial Iranian honey.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound at two different frequencies, namely 30 kHz and 42 kHz, on various aspects of industrial Iranian honey, including its physical, biochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Samples were subjected to ultrasound treatment at 30 kHz or 42 kHz for a duration of 1, 5 or 10 minutes at temperatures of 20 °C or 45 °C, respectively. The following parameters were then evaluated on days 1, 30, 90, and 180: HMF content, pH, acidity, proline concentration, total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, diastase activity, moisture content, sucrose concentration, fructose concentration, glucose concentration, fructose- glucose ratio, ABTS (antioxidant activity) content, number of osmophiles, phenol concentration, reducing sugar concentration and total sugar concentration.

Preparation and anti-inflammation activity of λ-carrageenan oligosaccharides degraded by a novel λ-carrageenase Car3193.

To date, less attention has been paid to λ-carrageenases and their enzymatic hydrolysates than to κ- and ι-carrageenases and their hydrolysates. In this study, a Gram-negative strain Polaribacter sp. NJDZ03 was isolated from the surface of an Antarctic macroalga, Desmarestia sp.

Effects of dimethylarsenate coprecipitation with ferrihydrite on Fe(II)-induced mineral transformation and the release of dimethylarsenate.

Organoarsenicals are toxic pollutants of global concern, and their environmental geochemical behavior might be greatly controlled by iron (Fe) (hydr)oxides through coprecipitation, which is rarely investigated. Here, the effects of the incorporation of dimethylarsenate (DMAs(V)), a typical organoarsenical, into the ferrihydrite (Fh) structure on the mineral physicochemical properties and Fe(II)-induced phase transformation of DMAs(V)-Fh coprecipitates with As/Fe molar ratios up to 0.0876 ± 0.

Response of ZmPHO1 family members to low phosphorus stress and association of natural variation in ZmPHO1;2a reveal the role of low phosphorus tolerance.

Phosphorus (Pi) is an essential nutrient for plants to sustain normal life processes. In this study, we found that the ZmPHO1 proteins had similar molecular weights and the same conserved domain. Phylogenetic and cis-acting element analysis showed that ZmPHO1s were divided into 4 subgroups, in which ZmPHO1;2a and ZmPHO1;2b were closely phylogenetic with OsPHO1;2b, and the promoter region of ZmPHO1s contained abundant abiotic stress-related elements.

Assessment of macrobenthos in evaluating the restoration effects of artificial mangrove planting on tidal flats in Zhejiang, China.

Artificially planted mangroves are widely used for tidal flat restoration, but their effectiveness in restoring these ecosystems remains unclear. Macrobenthos, as key indicators of tidal flat ecosystem health, can reflect changes in environmental conditions and quality resulting from the introduction of artificial mangroves. This study aimed to investigate the ecological restoration effects of artificially planted mangroves in northern China by surveying macrobenthic communities across four regions in June 2023.

Fluoride and nitrogen contamination and potential health risks in the groundwater of a typical agricultural region.

Fluoride and nitrogen contamination is a global concern and has been a serious problem in agricultural areas. This study aims to identify the source of fluoride and nitrogen in the groundwater and assess groundwater quality and human health risks in the Guanzhong Plain, northwest China. The results showed that the concentrations were 0.

Hydrothermal biochar enhances the photosynthetic efficiency and yield of alfalfa by optimizing soil chemical properties and stimulating the activity of microbial communities.

Hydrothermal biochar has demonstrated potential in enhancing crop growth by improving soil properties and microbial activity; however, its effectiveness varies with application rate, with excessive amounts potentially inhibiting plant growth. This study employed a pot experiment approach to compare varying application rates of hydrothermal biochar (ranging from 0 to 50 t/ha) and to analyze its effects on alfalfa biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, soil nutrient content, and microbial community composition. Biochar application increased alfalfa dry weight by 12.

Preparation and characterization of PEG-Dex macromolecular schiff base particles and their application on the stabilization of water-in-water emulsion.

In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran (Dex) were chemically modified to obtain amino-functionalized PEG (PEG-(NH)) and oxidized dextran (ODex). They were subsequently reacted via -NH and -CHO groups to synthesize a macromolecular Schiff base particle. The structures, morphologies, and thermal properties of the macromolecular Schiff base particle were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA).

Effects of water-fertiliser coupling on the photosynthesis and quality of Lycium barbarum based on predicted crop evapotranspiration (ET).

Lycium barbarum is an important economic crop in the arid region of Northwest China, and the regulation of irrigation and fertilisation is an important way to improve the quality and yield of Lycium barbarum. To explore the effects of water-fertiliser coupling on photosynthesis, quality and yield of Lycium barbarum under irrigation methods based on predicted crop evapotranspiration (ET), ET was calculated via reference evapotranspiration (ET) predicted on the basis of public weather forecasts, and the irrigation water volume was determined as a proportion of this ET. A field experiment was conducted via a completely randomised experimental design with five irrigation water volumes (W0 (100% ET), W1 (90% ET), W2 (80% ET), W3 (70% ET) and W4 (65% ET)) and three fertiliser application rates (high fertiliser (FH), medium fertiliser (FM) and low fertiliser (FL)).

Changes in and prediction of land carrying capacity in Fujian Province from a dietary nutrition perspective.

Resources and land carrying capacity are vital to the survival and development of human society and form the foundation for ensuring food security. However, evaluating land carrying capacity solely based on grain production is overly simplistic. A comprehensive assessment from the perspective of dietary nutrition is needed to more accurately reflect the actual carrying capacity of land.

Lonicera caerulea genome reveals molecular mechanisms of freezing tolerance and anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Introduction: Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle) is a noteworthy fleshy-fruited tree and a prominent medicinal plant, which possesses notable characteristics such as exceptional resilience to winter conditions and early maturation, and the richest source of functional anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin-3-glucoside. The molecular mechanisms responsible for its freezing tolerance and anthocyanin biosynthesis remain largely unknown.

Estimation method for karst carbon sinks on the basis of a concentration prediction model.

Karstification can reduce the CO concentration in the atmosphere/soil. Accurate estimation of karst carbon sinks is crucial for the study of global climate change. In this study, the Lijiang River Basin was taken as the research area.

Useful or merely convenient? On the issue of a suitability of enzymatic antioxidant activity as a proxy for abiotic stress tolerance.

During their lifespan, plants are often exposed to a broad range of stresses that change their redox balance and lead to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The traditional view is that this comes with negative consequences to cells structural integrity and metabolism and, to prevent this, plants evolved a complex and well-coordinated antioxidant defence system that relies on the operation of a range of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (AO). Due to the simplicity of measuring their activity, and in the light of the persistent dogma that stress-induced ROS accumulation is detrimental for plants, it is not surprising that enzymatic AO have often been advocated as suitable proxies for stress tolerance, as well as potential targets for improving tolerance traits.

Copper-coordination driven brain-targeting nanoassembly for efficient glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy by cuproptosis-mediated tumor immune microenvironment reprogramming.

Limited drug accumulation and an immunosuppressive microenvironment are the major bottlenecks in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Herein, we report a copper-coordination driven brain-targeting nanoassembly (TCe6@Cu/TP5 NPs) for site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents and efficient immunotherapy by activating the cGAS-STING pathway and downregulating the expression of PD-L1. To achieve this, the mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphorus (TPP) was linked to photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) to form TPP-Ce6 (TCe6), which was then self-assembled with copper ions and thymopentin (TP5) to obtain TCe6@Cu/TP5 NPs.

Phenological and morphological variations of Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara in Sri Lanka and their evolutionary implications.

Phenological and morphological variation are widely viewed as a pivotal driver of ecological adaptation and speciation. Here, we investigate variation patterns of flowering phenology and morphological traits within and between O. rufipogon and O.

Investigating steeply inclined abandoned mines for unlocking the secrets of water level recovery.

With the growing emphasis on environmental protection, many coal mines in northern China were closed. However, the cessation of pumping operations in those closed mines has caused a rise in groundwater levels, giving rise to various safety and environmental concerns. Understanding the patterns of water level recovery is vital for effectively managing abandoned mine sites and ensuring the uninterrupted production of adjacent coal mines.

In Vitro conservation and genetic diversity analysis of rare species Ribes janczewskii.

Ribes janczewskii is a rare and valuable plant known for its resistance to spring frosts, pests, and diseases. It is used in hybridization to develop resistant currant varieties but is on the verge of extinction, listed in Kazakhstan Red Book. This study developed a micropropagation and slow-growth storage protocol for conservation.

Study on the mechanism of erosion and wear of elbow pipes by coarse particles in filling slurry.

Coarse particles in filling slurry are the primary factor causing wear in filling elbow pipes, and the wear mechanism of these particles on the pipes is influenced by various factors. To study the erosion and wear mechanism of elbow pipes caused by coarse particles, the motion state of coarse particles under different curvature radii, coarse particle gradations, and pipe diameters was investigated using a simulation method based on the coupling of Fluent and EDEM software, grounded in theories of fluid mechanics, rheology, and solid-liquid two-phase flow. The study explored the impact patterns and locations of wear induced by coarse particles on filling elbow pipes.

Experimental investigation and ReaxFF simulation on pore structure evolution mechanism during coalification of coal macromolecules in different ranks.

This analysis revealed the alterations in the pore structure of large organic molecules in coal during the process of coal pyrolysis. Nine models of macromolecular structures in coals, representing distinct coal ranks, have been built. The research results show that along with the increasing coal rank, the average microporous volume of medium rank coal is 0.