[Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of cicatricial tracheal stenosis].

Development of tracheal surgery was associated with introduction of fundamentally new procedures: two-level reconstruction, redo tracheal resection, tracheal resection with simultaneous dissection of tracheoesophageal fistula. There are combined and staged techniques when tracheal repair or endoscopic interventions are performed as a stage before circular resection of trachea. However, a single algorithm for prevention and correction of postoperative complications is still absent in tracheal surgery.

[Comparison of efficiency and safety of laparoscopic manual esophagoenterostomy and esophagoenterostomy with mechanical anastomotic devices after laparoscopic gastrectomy for stomach cancer].

Objective: To compare laparoscopic manual esophagoenterostomy and esophagoenterostomy with mechanical stapling anastomotic devices after laparoscopic gastrectomy for stomach cancer.

Material And Methods: There were 34 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy for stomach in 2015-2018. Roux-en-Y esophagoenterostomy was used to reconstruct the gastrointestinal tract.

[Morphology of traces of large blood drops on a snow-covered surface with different bleeding source height].

Aim is to study morphology of the traces of a large drop of blood formed on snow-covered surface when it falls from different heights. In the experiment, we studied the morphology of blood drop traces fallen from 20, 50 and 100 cm on a just settled dry snow cover in a moderately frosty environment (-8 °C) Dropping from a height of up to 20 cm, a blood drop formed a cylindrical channel in the snow cover and spread out to form a disc-shaped element. However if the bleeding source was located at a 50 and 100 cm distance, an element close to a ball, consisting of blood crystals and ice was formed in the final section of the cylindrical channel.

[Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of urethroplasty after failed hypospadias repair].

Background: Evaluation of surgical treatment of hypospadias is one of the most controversial problem in urology, considering a lack of continuity in the management of these patients between pediatric andrologists and general urologists. Patients who undergone to multiple hypospadias repairs remain one of the most difficult categories for reconstructive urethral surgery and urology in general.

Materials And Methods: The treatment results of 112 adult patients who had complications of previously performed hypospadias repairs were evaluated.

Nordic Walking as an effective physical activity for weight loss among overweight young adults in high schools.

Background: Overweight and obesity, low physical activity and lack of motivation to exercise are common among young adults. Thus, the objective of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of Nordic Walking for weight loss and improvement of functional and physiological state in young adults with overweight and obesity.

Methods: The study enrolled 77 students from Sechenov University with overweight and obesity aged from 17 to 23 years.

Variety of lung involvement in autoimmune liver diseases.

The primary autoimmune liver diseases conventionally include primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. Despite of primary autoimmune affection of different parts of the hepatobiliary system, in the recent decades, a lot of data has emerged indicating the presence of extrahepatic manifestations of these diseases, in particular, lung lesions, such as nodular and interstitial changes with possible progression and development of fibrosis and respiratory failure. In case of lungs disease, both pulmonary parenchyma and lung vessels, pleura, and intrathoracic lymph nodes can be involved.

Inhibition of HIF-prolyl 4-hydroxylases as a promising approach to the therapy of cardiometabolic diseases.

Prolyl-4-hydroxylases of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-P4Hs) are enzymes that, under the conditions of normoxia, cause degradation of the HIF-transcriptional protein, which regulates a number of metabolic processes, including erythropoiesis, glucose level and lipid metabolism. In hypoxic conditions, on the contrary, their activity is suppressed and HIF stabilization takes place. This mechanism, i.

Differential diagnosis of ascites in internal medicine: clinical case.

Ascites and hydrothorax may be the symptoms of congestive heart failure and do not always reflects presense of the decompensated liver cirrhosis. Clinical examination of patient with chronic hepatitis C which cyanosis of the lips, cervival veins pulsation, a triple heart rhythm indicated on pathology of the heart (constrictive pericarditis), which was confirmed by instrumental methods. Congestive heart failure has lead to the congestive liver in a young female patient.

NSAID-induced enteropathy: the current state of the problem.

The review analyzes the main etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of NSAID-enteropathy. Particular attention is paid to the role of intestinal microbiota in the manifestation and progression of NSAID-enteropathy. The special role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of NSAIDs enteropathy is considered.

Pharmacotherapy of chronic pancreatitis in terms of current clinical recommendations.

The article reflects the main positions of the latest Russian and pan-European clinical recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP), devoted to the pharmacotherapy of this disease. The main objectives of pharmacotherapy for CP are to reduce or arrest pain abdominal syndrome and prevent or compensate for functional pancreatic insufficiency.

Undifferentiated sarcoma of the pericardium after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Primary sarcomas of the pericardium are extremely rare malignant tumors of the heart. The incidence of sarcoma increases after radiation therapy in the field of breast. The specific features of this case report are the difficulties in diagnostics of undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma of the pericardium and the connection between the disease and the radiation therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Atypical Goodpasture's disease: a clinical case report and literature review.

Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM disease) is a rare small vessels vasculitis characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and alveolar basement membrane. Common feature of anti-GBM disease is a combination of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and alveolar hemorrhage (pulmonary-renal syndrome). We present a case of atypical disease course in a young male patient who developed alveolar hemorrhage without renal failure.

Chronic kidney disease as a multidisciplinary problem of contemporary medicine.

A review deals with the problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the position of a physician and cardiologist. The epidemiology of the disease was discussed both abroad and in Russia, including the most up-to-date data. In Russia CKD markers were detected in 49.

Genetic determinants of the development and course of membranous nephropathy.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults and is classified as either primary (idiopatic) or secondary MN according to underlying etiology (the later result from some known disease such as systemic autoimmune diseases, infections, malignancies, drugs, etc). In recent years, phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) were identified as two major podocytic antigens involved in the pathogenesis of idiopatic MN (IMN). And the discovery of circulating antibodies specific for these target antigens has transformed the diagnostic workup and significally improved management of IMN.

Nephrological aspects of surgical weight correction in morbid obesity.

Obesity, including morbid obesity, is a growing worldwide problem. The adverse effect of obesity on the kidneys is associated with the development of comorbid conditions, such as insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS), diabetes mellitus (DM), arterial hypertension (AH), which are the recognized risk factors of chronic kidney disease (СKD). Obesity also causes direct kidney damage with the development of non-immune focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Clinical features of kidney involvement in microscopic microscopic polyangiitis.

Aim: To evaluate clinical features and outcomes of renal involvement in patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 99 patients with MPA, diagnosed in accordance with the algorithm of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) and the Chapel Hill consensus conference definition (2012). Serum creatinine (sCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hematuria and proteinuria were estimated.

Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome as one of the causes of acute kidney injury in pregnant women.

Aim: Analysis of clinical manifestations, course and outcomes of obstetric aHUS.

Materials And Methods: 45 patients with aHUS development during pregnancy or immediately after childbirth were observed between 2011 and 2017, age from 16 to 42 years.

Results: All patients had AKI (serum creatinine 521,5±388,0 µmol/l, oliguria or anuria that required initiation of hemodialysis).

Relationship between serologic profile (ANCA type) and clinical features of renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitides.

Aim: To compare the frequency, clinical features and outcomes of renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) in patients with antibodies against proteinase-3 (pr3-ANCA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA).

Materials And Methods: In our retrospective study we enrolled 264 patients, 94 males and 170 females, median age 53 [36; 62] years. Among them 157 were pr3-ANCA positive and 107 were MPO-ANCA positive.

The role of the mLDL-induced activation of the complement system classical pathway and C3 expression stimulation in atherosclerosis.

The role of modified low density lipoprotein in the activation of the classical pathway of the complement system and increasing expression C3 gene in human macrophages is described, role of these processes on the progression of atherosclerotic vascular lesions is considering.

Correction of anxiety disorders: focus on a comorbid patient.

The exact cause of the development of anxiety disorders (AD) in present time has not been fully established and is a subject of debate in many countries. Interest in studying the mechanisms of action of proteins of S100 group, in particular, neurospecific protein S100b, is caused by its participation in processes of integrative activity of brain/neuron and development of diseases of nervous system. The functions of S100 proteins determine their influence on synaptic plasticity and participation in the regulation of stress-realizing and stress-limiting systems, the imbalance of which (primarily, the insufficiency of the GABA-ergic system) is the neurobiological basis of the majority of anxiety-depressive pathologies.

Pharmacotherapy of resistant arterial hypertension.

Pharmacotherapy of resistant arterial hypertension represents a serious problem, because today there are no clear algorithms of action in this clinical situation. The review discusses the key works in which the authors propose a solution to this problem. The variants of a differentiated approach to treatment based on hemodynamic type, plasma renin activity, as well as a number of empirical strategies, including the predominant use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, are discussed.

From Schönlein-Henoch purpura to IgA-vasculitis: pathogenetic aspects of the disease.

Investigation's history and nomenclature's evolution of the IgA-vasculitis are presented in the article. Pathogenesis of the renal and skin damages is discussed in details, particularly abnormalities of the IgA-immunity and systemic endotoxemia. Relevant world's literature is cited.

Oxidative and carbonyl stress as a factors of the modification of proteins and DNA destruction in diabetes.

Aim: To study the oxidative damage of biopolymers (proteins and nucleic acids) in blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials And Methods: In the blood of 50 patients with DM and 25 patients without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism were estimated: the level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by immunochemical method, the content of SH-groups in plasma proteins, the activity of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes, the length of telomere in leukocyte DNA, the level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxygunosine (8-oxo-dG) in plasma and urine.

Results: It is shown that in DM patients the level of oxLDL increases and the content of SH-groups in proteins and peptides of the blood plasma decreases, which indicates the development of oxidative stress.

Association between polymorphic markers in candidate genes and the risk of manifestationof endocrine ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves' disease.

Aim: To analyze the association between the polymorphic markers in CTLA4, TNF, IL10 and IL16 genes and the risk of manifestation of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) in patients with Graves' disease (GD).

Materials And Methods: Case-control study included 248 patients with GD. Using polymerase chain reaction we studied the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers such as A60G (rs3087243) in CTLA4 gene, G(-308)A (rs1800629) in TNF gene, G(-1082)A (rs1800896) in IL10 gene, T3249C (rs4778641) in IL16 gene among 141 patients with Graves' disease and EO and 107 patients with GD without EO.

[The Analysis of Actual Approaches in Evaluating Efficiency of Medical Care of Female Patients with Habitual Miscarriage].

The prevalence of habitual miscarriage varies depending on territories of the Russian Federation and other countries. The rate of premature delivery in the Moscow Zelenograd administrative okrug in 2013-2015 in average made up to 4.5%-4.