Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Healthcare and Non-healthcare Workers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study Using a Web-Based Questionnaire.

Background Cardiopulmonary arrest is a leading cause of death and requires swift intervention for survival. Previous studies have highlighted the critical importance of initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation within a limited timeframe. Improving outcomes depends on widespread CPR training, accessible automated external defibrillators (AEDs), and increased public awareness.

Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) in the Treatment of Lumbar Spondylodiscitis: A Multi-center Study.

Introduction Lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis is a challenging and rare spinal infection with high morbidity, particularly in patients with comorbidities. While the extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) technique is established in treating degenerative spinal conditions, its efficacy in managing spondylodiscitis is less well-studied. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the XLIF approach combined with posterior instrumentation in patients with lumbar spondylodiscitis.

Bioengineering strategies targeting angiogenesis: Innovative solutions for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a prevalent orthopedic disorder characterized primarily by compromised blood supply. This vascular deficit results in cell apoptosis, trabecular bone loss, and structural collapse of the femoral head at late stage, significantly impairing joint function. While MRI is a highly effective tool for diagnosing ONFH in its early stages, challenges remain due to the limited availability and high cost of MRI, as well as the absence of routine MRI screening in asymptomatic patients.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote uterine healing by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and modulating inflammation in rat models.

Background: Uterine injury can cause uterine scarring, leading to a series of complications that threaten women's health. Uterine healing is a complex process, and there are currently no effective treatments. Although our previous studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promote uterine damage repair, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Factors Associated with HIV Testing Uptake in Cameroon: Data from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey.

Background: HIV represents a significant public health challenge, contributing to increased mortality and morbidity within the population. Despite the implementation of various HIV testing strategies, the uptake rate of HIV testing remains low.

Objective: This study aims to assess the factors associated with HIV testing uptake among women and men in Cameroon.

A Scoping Review of Existing Policy Instruments to Tackle Overweight and Obesity in India: Recommendations for a Social and Behaviour Change Communication Strategy.

Background: The Indian government is committed to addressing various manifestations of malnutrition, including overweight and obesity, inorder to improve individual health and well-being. The scoping review aims to map existing national policy instruments (programmes, schemes, regulations and guidelines) addressing overweight and obesity in India and analysing them for Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) strategies.

Methods: Systematic identification and selection of policy instruments using 'Arksey and O'Malley' framework was conducted from central government ministry websites, between March and June 2023.

Successful Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for Management of Choledocholithiasis in a Patient With Situs Inversus Totalis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital disorder defined by the transposition of all viscera to the opposite side of the body. Because of this anatomical alteration, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in such a population is significantly challenging. Herein we report a case of a 50-year-old woman presented with epigastric and left upper quadrant pain.

Unraveling the functional complexity of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system: insights from molecular anatomy to neurodynamic modeling.

The locus coeruleus (LC), as the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, is central to modulating cognitive and behavioral processes. This review synthesizes recent findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of the LC-NE system, highlighting its molecular diversity, neurophysiological properties, and role in various brain functions. We discuss the heterogeneity of LC neurons, their differential responses to sensory stimuli, and the impact of NE on cognitive processes such as attention and memory.

Lanostane Triterpenes, Flavanones and Acetogenins from the Roots of and Their Cytotoxic Activity.

Our phytochemical investigation of the roots of led to the isolation of two new lanostane triterpenes, 3-acetylpolycarpol () and 15-acetylpolycarpol (), as well as 15 known compounds (-). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by an analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds - were tested against nonsmall cell lung cancer cells (A549) and human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) using an MTT assay.

Impact of COVID-19 on resuscitation after hospital arrival for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An interrupted time series analysis.

Background: In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods And Results: Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database, we included patients with OHCA who were transported to hospitals between April 2018 and March 2021. Patients were categorized into groups, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the day of admission (before or after April 1, 2020, respectively).

The trend of DALY of breast, colorectal, oral, and cervical cancers in Taiwan in 2005-2017.

Objectives: This study used the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) to quantify the long-term trends for four cancers (oral cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer) that have undergone cancer screening in Taiwan.

Methods: DALYs were calculated as the sum of Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and Years Lived with Disability (YLD). YLLs were determined using cancer-specific mortality data from the Health Promotion Administration (HPA), Ministry of Health and Welfare, based on age-specific life expectancy.

T-betILC3 in peripheral blood is increased in the ankylosing spondylitis with high disease activity.

Objective: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation, often resulting in fusion of the spine and peripheral joints. This study aimed to investigate the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in AS patients with high disease activity.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy controls and AS patients categorized by high or low disease activity.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of perineural dextrose injection in peripheral compression neuropathies of the upper limbs.

Background: Entrapment neuropathies, marked by nerve compression at various anatomical sites, can be effectively managed using conservative approaches like injections. Dextrose 5 % water injection has emerged as a potential therapy by reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. We aimed to evaluate dextrose injection's efficacy in treating entrapment neuropathies in upper extremities.

Meta-analysis and systematic review for the genetic basis of cleft lip and palate.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are a usually inherited anomaly described as a gap in the oral cavity's upper lip and/or roof. The etiology of CLP involves both genetic and environmental factors. The current study aimed to examine the genetic basis of nonsyndromic (NS) CLP (NSCL/P) and its association with specific genetic polymorphisms.

A comprehensive retrospect on the current perspectives and future prospects of pneumoconiosis.

Pneumoconiosis is a widespread occupational pulmonary disease caused by inhalation and retention of dust particles in the lungs, is characterized by chronic pulmonary inflammation and progressive fibrosis, potentially leading to respiratory and/or heart failure. Workers exposed to dust, such as coal miners, foundry workers, and construction workers, are at risk of pneumoconiosis. This review synthesizes the international and national classifications, epidemiological characteristics, strategies for prevention, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of pneumoconiosis.

Accuracy of the Self-Administered Rapid HIV Urine Test in a Real-World Setting and Individual Preferences for HIV Self-Testing - Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, July 2020-February 2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-testing serves as a crucial strategy for overcoming testing barriers, with urine-based self-testing emerging as a potential novel approach.

What Is Added By This Report?: In a real-world setting, this study demonstrated that the urine rapid test exhibited lower diagnostic accuracy compared to the blood rapid test. Study participants expressed stronger preferences for HIV self-testing methods utilizing finger prick samples, accompanied by standard written instructions and lower costs.

Unusual presentation and management of parathyroid carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis: a case report.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare and challenging malignancy, often confirmed by histopathological analysis. Due to its rarity, it can present in atypically. We present a case of parathyroid carcinoma with an unusual course of pulmonary metastasis emphasizing the complexities of its diagnosis and management.

COVID-19 dynamic modeling of immune variability and multistage vaccination strategies: A case study in Malaysia.

Hybrid-immune and immunodeficient individuals have been identified by the World Health Organization as two vulnerable groups in the context of COVID-19, but their distinct characteristics remain underexplored. To address this gap, we developed an extended compartmental model that simulates the spread of COVID-19 and the impact of administering three doses of the vaccine (first, second, and booster). This study aims to provide insights into how these vulnerable populations respond to vaccination and the dynamics of waning immunity.

Public Reason in Times of Corona: Countering Disinformation in the Netherlands.

Who should decide what passes for disinformation in a liberal democracy? During the COVID-19 pandemic, a committee set up by the Dutch Ministry of Health was actively blocking disinformation. The committee comprised civil servants, communication experts, public health experts, and representatives of commercial online platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. To a large extent, vaccine hesitancy was attributed to disinformation, defined as misinformation (or data misinterpreted) with harmful intent.

Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework Films Integrated with Wavy Structured Design for Wearable Bioelectronics.

The integration of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with flexible electronic technologies offers a promising strategy for monitoring detailed health information, owing to their inherent porosity, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable catalytic capabilities. However, their application in wearable and real-time health monitoring remains largely unexplored, primarily due to the mechanical mismatch between the traditionally fragile HOFs particles and the softness of human skin. Herein, this study demonstrates an epidermal biosensor that maintains reliable sensing capability even under extreme deformation and complex environmental conditions by integrating HOFs films with wavy bioelectrodes.

Epidemiology, treatment, and mortality of femoral neck fractures in patients over the age of 65 years: a nationwide retrospective cohort study of 83,789 cases in Turkey.

Background: A population-based study delineating the epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in elderly patients has not yet been conducted in Turkey. In this nationwide study, the epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of patients aged ⩾65 years with FNFs who underwent osteosynthesis, hemiarthroplasty (HA), or total hip arthroplasty (THA) were examined.

Methods: Patients aged ⩾65 years with FNFs were identified in this retrospective, nationwide study.

A OHCs-Targeted Strategy for PEDF Delivery in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) results from prolonged exposure to intense noise, causing damage to sensory outer hair cells (OHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). The blood labyrinth barrier (BLB) hinders systemic drug delivery to the inner ear. This study applied a retro-auricular round window membrane (RWM) method to bypass the BLB, enabling the transport of macromolecular proteins into the inner ear.

Ageing Healthy: Perceptions of Older Persons, Community Members, and Other Stakeholders in Uganda.

Promoting healthy ageing would benefit from an understanding of what this means to stakeholders. We explored healthy ageing perceptions in rural and peri-urban Ugandan communities. Community dialogues, focus group discussions with older persons, community members, community-based organization leaders, key informant interviews with Ministries of Gender (2), Health (1), non-governmental organizations (3) and elderly representatives (5) were held.

Advances in the preparation, applications, challenges, and future trends of polysaccharide-based gels as food-grade delivery systems for probiotics: A review.

Probiotics are highly regarded for their multiple functions, such as regulating gut health, enhancing the immune system, and preventing chronic diseases. However, their stability in harsh environments and targeted release remain significant challenges. Therefore, exploring effective protection and delivery strategies to ensure targeted release of probiotics is critically important.