Change in subjective well-being and the associated costs of a woman-targeted presbyopia correction programme among older craftswomen in Zanzibar: a cost-outcome and scenario analysis.

Background: A pilot eyecare programme aimed to address the urgent eye health needs of older Zanzibari craftswomen. We investigated the impact of correcting presbyopia on their subjective well-being (SWB) 6 months post-correction and assessed the cost-effectiveness of a women-targeted presbyopia correction programme.

Methods: This study involved Zanzibari craftswomen aged 40 and older with presenting and corrected distance visual acuity better than 6/12 in both eyes and were presbyopic.

Frozen versus fresh embryo transfer in women with low prognosis for in vitro fertilisation treatment: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that a freeze-all strategy would increase the chance of live birth compared with fresh embryo transfer in women with low prognosis for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment.

Design: Pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Nine academic fertility centres in China.

Latest revisions to the International Health Regulations will fail to prevent future travel chaos.

The poor management of public health risks associated with travel by most countries proved among the most contentious issue areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence from previous outbreaks suggested travel restrictions were largely unnecessary and counterproductive to timely reporting. This led to initial WHO recommendations against the use of travel restrictions.

An observational study evaluating the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) compared to a combination of indoor residual spraying (IRS) plus standard pyrethroid-only ITNs in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019-2023.

Introduction: National malaria programmes must weigh the relative benefits of different vector control and elimination tools to prioritise resource allocation with the greatest impact. This study assesses the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (PBO ITN-only arm) compared with the combination of two annual non-pyrethroid indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns and standard pyrethroid ITNs (IRS+Standard Pyrethroid ITN arm) in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.

Methods: An open-label, stratified block-cluster randomised trial was designed to compare the impacts of the two intervention arms.

Metabolic Profiles of Pregnancy with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights into Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Communication.

Context: PCOS pregnancies are linked to metabolic disorders affecting maternal and fetal outcomes, with maternal metabolites differing from those in normal pregnancies.

Objective: To investigate the metabolic communication at the maternal-fetal interface in PCOS pregnancies.

Design: Placenta and umbilical cord serum were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Shrinking the lymphatic filariasis map of Zimbabwe: Reassessing the population requiring treatment through confirmatory mapping.

Objectives: Zimbabwe is endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF) with 39 districts identified for mass drug administration (MDA) in 2014. The objective of this study was to reassess the current population requiring MDA.

Methods: The LF confirmatory mapping method was used to evaluate the prevalence of circulating filarial antigens (CFA) among school-aged children (9-14 years) in previously endemic districts.

A novel amino-pyrimidine inhibitor suppresses tumor growth via microtubule destabilization and Bmi-1 down-regulation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the diseases posing a threat to global health, according to the latest data, is the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The development and refinement of novel structures of small molecular compounds play a crucial role in tumor treatment and overcoming drug resistance. In this study, our objective was to screen and characterize novel compounds for overcoming drug resistance via the B Lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (Bmi-1) reporter screen assay.

Estimating wastewater emissions and environmental levels of typical organic contaminants based on regionalized modelling.

Organic contaminants (OCs) are released into the environment through effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), posing risks to environment health. However, emissions from various source, particularly large-scale investigations across different industries, remain poorly understood. Based on both sampling and statistical data, this study estimates the emissions of 10 OCs, including perfluorooctane acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA), from the effluents of 160 factories across 8 industries, 541 municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs), and 8 waste treatment plants (WTPs) in the upper Yangtze River Basin.

Optimizing interventional therapy: A homogeneous lipiodol formulation of Tirapazamine and Sorafenib responsive to post-embolization microenvironment.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the principal treatment option for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the hypoxic microenvironment following TACE can promote angiogenesis and suppress tumor ferroptosis, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis. Tirapazamine (TPZ), a hypoxia-activated prodrug with specific cytotoxicity for hypoxic cells, making it a potential candidate for TACE.

Xanomeline-Trospium for Adults with Schizophrenia Experiencing Acute Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Safety and Tolerability Outcomes.

The United States Food and Drug Administration approved the xanomeline-trospium combination in September 2024 for treating schizophrenia, based in part on three double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials in adults with schizophrenia experiencing acute psychosis. This random-effects model pairwise meta-analysis of those three trials found that xanomeline-trospium was comparable to placebo in terms of all-cause discontinuation, discontinuation rate due to adverse events, Simpson-Angus Scale score change, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale score change, body weight change, body mass index change, blood pressure change, serum total cholesterol change, blood glucose change, QTc interval changes, and the incidence of headache, somnolence, insomnia, dizziness, akathisia, agitation, tachycardia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diarrhea, increased weight, and decreased appetite. However, xanomeline-trospium was associated with a higher incidence of at least one adverse event, dry mouth, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and constipation, and increased serum triglyceride compared with placebo.

Mitigation of ischemia/reperfusion injury via selenium nanoparticles: Suppression of STAT1 to inhibit cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and inflammation.

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) following myocardial infarction, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, is characterized by detrimental oxidative stress and inflammation. In response, we proposed an I/RI alleviation strategy using the intravenous injection of spherical selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized by a template method. Single-cell sequencing revealed these proposed SeNPs exhibited exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, disrupting the STAT1-ROS cycle, therefore preserving mitochondrial respiration and inhibiting caspase-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Prolgolimab with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Prolgolimab is an IgG1 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody with the Fc-silencing 'LALA' mutation. The phase III DOMAJOR study assessed efficacy and safety of prolgolimab in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy vs placebo in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: 292 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to receive 4 cycles of pemetrexed, platinum-based drug and either prolgolimab (3 mg/kg Q3W) or placebo followed by prolgolimab/placebo with pemetrexed until disease progression or toxicity (≤36 months).

Asphalt pavement emission behavior under solar radiation during in-service period.

The toxic fume emitted from asphalt pavement remains a health and environmental hazard towards public safety, especially the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Despite extensive studies focused on characterizing asphalt fumes generated during construction stages (i.e.

Intergenerational transfer of micro(nano)plastics in different organisms.

Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), widely distributed in the environment, can be ingested and accumulated by various organisms. Recently, the transgenerational transport of MNPs from parental organisms to their offspring has attracted increasing attention. In this review, we summarize the patterns, specific pathways, and related mechanisms of intergenerational transfer of MNPs in plants, non-mammals (zooplankton and fish) and mammals.

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and bacterial community responses in aerobic and anaerobic soil microcosms.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that may pose risks to human health and environmental biota, including soil microbial communities. These risks are further affected by a multitude of factors, including environmental conditions encountered in real-world settings. A comprehensive understanding of how PBDEs transform and microbial communities respond to the exposure under varying environmental conditions is paramount for assessing the ecological risks or identifying potential degraders.

First-Line Mobocertinib Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III EXCLAIM-2 Trial.

Purpose: Mobocertinib is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This open-label, phase III trial (EXCLAIM-2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129502) compared mobocertinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of ex20ins+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

[Inequalities in the adequacy to consultation calendar for children under 5 years old in the Food and Nutritional Surveillance].

The Ministry of Health recommends a minimum appointment schedule in childcare to monitor growth and development. The objective was to analyze the adequacy of the minimum appointment schedule for children under 5 years of age, with at least one anthropometric follow-up registered with the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) between 2008 and 2020. The sample size comprised 23,453,620 children under the age of 5, and 103,773,311 records.

[Self-government processes of mothers in the context of the Brazilian Rede Cegonha Program].

The study highlights the discourses produced by mothers and professionals from the Rede Cegonha Program of the Brazilian Ministry of Health in the relationship between the body, women and public health policies on labor and birth. For this purpose, 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted and categorized in the Rede Cegonha Program, body and woman, and submitted to Foucauldian discourse analysis, processes of subjectification (resistance and subjection) and biopolitics. The data revealed: i) the relevance of a public program for this purpose; ii) the centrality of the pregnant body and the historical challenge of understanding women as mothers beyond reproduction; iii) the idea of defective bodies and resistance of those who know how to give birth; and iv) the possibilities of self-government of mothers and, consequently, the production of the self based on the experiences reported.

[Analysis of the performance of dialysis centers in referring and enrolling patients into the pre-kidney transplant waiting list in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2015 to 2019].

Despite the relevance of kidney transplantation, the supply of organs and the process for inclusion in its waiting list still represent obstacles. This study aimed to analyze the performance of dialysis centers in referring patients for pre-kidney transplant evaluation and inclusion in the waiting list of incident dialysis patients from 2015 to 2019 in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This retrospective cohort study sampled 23,297 records of patients who underwent dialysis therapy in public or philanthropic institutions or who had their treatment funded by the Brazilian Unified National Health System in private clinics.

Calcination-Induced Tight Nano-Heterointerface for Highly Effective Eradication of Rib Fracture-Related Infection by Near-Infrared Irradiation.

Rib fracture-related infection is a challenging complication of thoracic trauma due to the difficulty of treating it with antibiotics alone and the need for a second operation to remove the infected fixator and sterilize the surrounding infected tissue. In this study, inspired by the photocatalytic performance of and ion release from silver-based materials, including AgPO and AgS, a hybrid AgPO-AgS heterojunction was prepared based on anion exchange and a one-step calcination process to design a nonantibiotic coating aimed at preventing and treating rib fracture-related infection with short-term 808 nm near-infrared irradiation. Calcination at 250 °C enhanced the inductive effect of the phosphate radical and led to the formation of a tight nanoheterogeneous interface between AgPO and AgS, thereby promoting interfacial electron transfer and reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers.

HIV-1 resistance mutations and genetic diversity among children failing antiretroviral treatment in five healthcare facilities in Benin, West Africa.

Background: Antiretroviral treatment increases the risk of accumulation of resistance mutations that negatively impact the possibilities of future treatment. This study aimed to present the frequency of HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance mutations and the genetic diversity among children with virological failure in five pediatric care facilities in Benin.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 20, 2020, to November 30, 2022, in children under 15 years of age who failed ongoing antiretroviral treatment at five facilities care in Benin (VL > 3log10 on two consecutive realizations three months apart).

Default Bulk Ordering and Text Messaging to Enhance Outreach for Lipid Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: A comprehensive lipid panel is recommended by guidelines to evaluate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, but uptake is low.

Objective: To evaluate whether direct outreach including bulk orders with and without text messaging increases lipid screening rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Pragmatic randomized clinical trial conducted from June 6, 2023, to September 6, 2023, at 2 primary care practices at an academic health system among patients aged 20 to 75 years with at least 1 primary care visit in the past 3 years who were overdue for lipid screening.

Treatment Strategies to Control Blood Pressure in People With Hypertension in Tanzania and Lesotho: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Hypertension is the primary cardiovascular risk factor in Africa. Recently revised World Health Organization guidelines recommend starting antihypertensive dual therapy; clinical efficacy and tolerability of low-dose triple combination remain unclear.

Objectives: To compare the effect of 3 treatment strategies on blood pressure control among persons with untreated hypertension in Africa.