Incidence trends and specific risk factors of ischemic heart disease and stroke: An ecological analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019.

Distribution of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has been changing globally, which may account for the discrepant temporal trends of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. To test the hypothesis and identify potential contributing factors, we designed an ecological study based on the GDB-2019 data and extracted age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of IHD and stroke, and summary exposure values (SEVs) of 87 attributable factors. A declining trend was observed for ASIRs of stroke (globally from 181.

Recent Advances in Perfluorocarbon-Based Delivery Systems for Cancer Theranostics.

Hypoxia is a key impediment encountered in the treatment of most solid tumors, leading to immune escape and therapeutic resistance. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have a unique electrical structure and are characterized by a high solubility for gases. PFC-based oxygen carriers have been evaluated for their ability to deliver oxygen effectively to hypoxic tissues, and significant clinical translation has been demonstrated.

Parental exposure to famine in early life and child overweight in offspring in Chinese populations.

Background: Little is known about the transgenerational effect of nutrition deficiency in early life. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of fetal and childhood exposure to famine of parents with their offspring's risk of overweight during childhood.

Methods: This analysis included a total of 3734 participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey aged 1-17 years whose fathers and/or mothers were born in 1955-1966.

Dietary calcium and magnesium intake and risk for incident dementia: The Shanghai Aging Study.

Introduction: Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), or the calcium to magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio may affect the risk of dementia via complex mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary Ca, Mg, and Ca:Mg ratio with dementia risk at the prospective phase of the Shanghai Aging Study.

Methods: We analyzed data from 1565 dementia-free participants living in an urban community who had measurements of dietary Ca and Mg intake derived from a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and incident dementia during follow-up.

Photoresponsive prodrug-dye nanoassembly for in-situ monitorable cancer therapy.

Photocleavable prodrugs enable controllable drug delivery to target sites modulated by light irradiation. However, the in vivo utility is usually hindered by their insolubility and inefficient delivery. In this study, we report a simple strategy of co-assembling boron-dipyrromethene-chlorambucil prodrug and near-infrared dye IR783 to fabricate photoresponsive nanoassemblies, which achieved both high prodrug loading capacity (~99%) and efficient light-triggered prodrug activation.

Tumor-permeable smart liposomes by modulating the tumor microenvironment to improve the chemotherapy.

Low levels of accumulation and permeability in tumors are two primary reasons for the limited efficacy of conventional antineoplastic nanodrugs. In the present study, based on an original corosolic acid liposome (CALP) carrier with the functions of cell penetration, tumor permeability and anti-inflammation developed by our previous work, a versatile PTX/CALP was achieved by CALP loading paclitaxel (PTX). Compared to conventional PTX liposomes (PTX/LP) prepared by cholesterol and phospholipid, PTX/CALP exhibited extremely increasing cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in vitro, and in vivo enhancing the accumulation and permeability of tumor, thus significantly improving the antitumor efficacy.

[Analysis of integrated HCV surveillance in Shanghai, 2014-2019].

The purpose of this study is to analyze the surveillance data of the Integrated HCV surveillance in Shanghai and provide a scientific basis for HCV's elimination strategies. Descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed using the multi-dimension results of the Integrated HCV surveillance in Shanghai from 2014 to 2019. Data related to reported HCV cases, HCV gene subtypes surveillance, HCV behavioral risk factors surveillance and HCV-antibody testing results of the community-based general population and high-risk/key populations.

Prevalence and associated factors for climatic droplet keratopathy in Kazakhs adults: a cross-sectional study in Tacheng, Xinjiang, China.

Background: Investigation of the prevalence of climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) in Tacheng, Xinjiang, China.

Methods: A total of 1030 participants, in their 40s or older, from the Kazakh ethnic group in Tacheng, were randomly sampled by stratification method. Ophthalmic examinations and surveys were carried out on these participants.

ROS-Responsive Selenium-Containing Carriers for Coencapsulation of Photosensitizer and Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug and Their Cellular Behaviors.

The integration of hypoxia-activated chemotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) has newly become a potent strategy for tumor treatment. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive drug carriers (PS@AQ4N/mPEG-b-PSe NPs) are fabricated based on the amphiphilic selenium-containing methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-polycarbonate (mPEG-b-PSe), the hydrophobic photosensitizer (PS), and hypoxia-activated prodrug Banoxantrone (AQ4N). The obtained nanoparticles are spherical with an average diameter of 100 nm as characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic laser scattering (DLS) respectively.

Macrophage-biomimetic anti-inflammatory liposomes for homing and treating of aortic dissection.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening disease featured by the dissection of intimal layer and the formation of a blood-filled false lumen within the aortic wall. Recent studies revealed that the formation and progression of AD lesions is closely related to vascular inflammation and macrophage infiltration. However, the potential efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy on the prevention and treatment of AD has not been extensively investigated.

Exposure to the Great Famine in Early Life and the Risk of Obesity in Adulthood: A Report Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Intrauterine malnutrition has a long-term effect on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between exposure to famine in early life and obesity in adulthood in Chinese adults. A total of 5033 participants (22,132 observations) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 1991-2015 were classified into three famine exposure groups according to their birth year: unexposed (1963-1966), fetal-exposed (1959-1962) and childhood-exposed (1955-1958).

Kidney function and dementia risk in community-dwelling older adults: the Shanghai Aging Study.

Background: Association between kidney dysfunction and dementia has been studied in western cohorts, but with inconsistent conclusions which may be due to the different measurements of kidney function. We aim to verify the hypothesis that lower levels of kidney function would be associated with increased risk of incident dementia in Chinese elderly.

Methods: One thousand four hundred twelve dementia-free participants aged 60 years or older from the Shanghai Aging Study were enrolled and followed up for 5.

Excite Spoof Surface Plasmons with Tailored Wavefronts Using High-Efficiency Terahertz Metasurfaces.

Spoof surface plasmons (SSPs) play crucial roles in terahertz (THz) near-field photonics. However, both high-efficiency excitation and wavefront engineering of SSPs remain great challenges, which hinder their wide applications in practice. Here, a scheme is proposed to simultaneously achieve these two goals efficiently using a single ultracompact device.

Efficiency of Different Treatment Regimens Combining Anti-tumor and Anti-inflammatory Liposomes for Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Nanomedicines such as liposomes have been widely exploited in the treatment of tumors, and are also involved in combination therapies to enhance anti-tumor efficacy and reduce side effects. However, few studies have systematically discussed the significance and optimized regimens for nanomedicine-based combination therapy. In this study, we used anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor liposomes for co-administration, and compared three regimens: intermittent, metronomic, or sequential administration (IA, MA, and SA).

Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that B vitamin deficiencies are an essential cause of neurological pathology. There is a need to provide evidence of the benefit of B vitamins for the prevention of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: To examine the association between intake and plasma levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate and cognitive function in older populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cholesterol profiles and incident cognitive decline among older adults: the Shanghai Aging Study.

Background: the association between cholesterol profiles and risk of cognitive decline among older adults was inconclusive.

Objective: to examine the association between cholesterol profiles and risk of cognitive decline in older adults with or without vascular risk factors (VRFs) in the prospective phase of the Shanghai Aging Study.

Design: a prospective community-based cohort study.

Serum phytosterols associate with T helper 1 cytokine concentration in pregnant women.

The dietary phytosterols have been demonstrated to modulate CD4 T-cell polarization in cells, animals, and humans. However, T helper (Th)1/Th2 dichotomy has rarely been correlated with phytosterols during pregnancy. The present study investigated associations between the serum cytokines and serum phytosterols in 100 pregnant women at 34- to 37-week gestation and their offspring.

Effects of ipratropium bromide on the occurrence of postoperative respiratory complications in craniectomy patients with COPD: A nationwide multicenter retrospective study.

Introduction: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common and associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and medical cost. They are gaining increasing concerns among patients receiving neurological surgery. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect a large section of whole population and is also one of the risk factors of PPCs in the perioperative setting.

Cell-penetrating corosolic acid liposome as a functional carrier for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs.

Corosolic acid (CA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits antitumor and synergistic therapy effect with chemotherapeutic drugs mainly through inhibiting STAT3 activation. In this study, it is found that CA possesses cholesterol-like properties in liposome by regulating membrane phase behavior to form stable cholesterol-free CA liposomes (CALP). Compared with traditional cholesterol liposomes (CHOLP), CALP exhibit stronger membrane fusion and higher cellular uptake, and other functions including inhibition of STAT3 activation and suppression of the recruitment of macrophages to tumor microenvironment.

Cell Permeable NBD Peptide-Modified Liposomes by Hyaluronic Acid Coating for the Synergistic Targeted Therapy of Metastatic Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

Chronic inflammation is closely related to the development, deterioration, and metastasis of tumors. Recently, many studies have shown that down-regulating the expression of inflammation by blocking nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways could significantly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The combined application of curcumin (CUR) and celecoxib (CXB) has been proven to exert a synergistic antitumor effect via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and STAT3.

High Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Inversely Relates to Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Shanghai Aging Study.

The relationship between cholesterol and cognitive function is unclear from the previous studies. This study was conducted to explore this association in older Chinese adults. Data were from the Shanghai Aging Study, comprising 3,836 residents aged 50 years or over in an urban community.

Non-communicable diseases control in China and Japan.

China and Japan share numerous similarities other than their geographical proximity. Facing the great challenges of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), China and Japan have developed different preventive strategies and systems. While Japan has made great progress in primary prevention of NCDs through strong legislation, the 'Specific Health Check and Guidance System' and a unique licensed health professional system, China is attempting to catch up by changing its strategies in NCDs control.

Evolution of non-communicable disease prevention and control in China.

The 70-year experience of China in fighting against non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be classified into three distinct periods: 1) the disease-oriented strategy period (from 1950 to 1994); 2) the risk factor-focused strategy period (from 1995 to 2008); and 3) the social and policy priority strategy period (since 2009). A number of projects were successful and valuable experience and lessons were accumulated during the three periods. Due to the underestimation of the 'explosive' epidemic of NCDs, however, it took China quite a long time to find the right path to curb the upward trend in these diseases.

Incidence of breast cancer in Chinese women exposed to the 1959-1961 great Chinese famine.

Background: The association of malnutrition in early life with breast cancer risk has been studied in Europe by investigating survivors of the Dutch Hunger Winter Famine, but not in China. We evaluated the effect of exposure to the 1959-1961 Great Leap Forward famine on subsequent breast cancer risk in Chinese women.

Methods: A total of 59,060 women born in 1955~1966 were recruited from Minhang district, Shanghai, China, during the period 2008 to 2012.