Analysis of bioactive substances in mutton and their effects on the quality of minced mutton.

The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the differences in bioactive compounds in Ningxia Tan, Oula, and Bahan crossbred mutton, and to examine their effects on minced mutton quality. Initially, characteristic bioactive compounds in mutton were analyzed using principal component analysis. Further investigation assessed the effects of varying concentrations of glycyrrhizin flavonoids (0, 0.

Heterogeneous amylopectin delays short-term retrogradation via fabricating a binary gel network within steamed cold noodles.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of heterogeneous amylopectin (waxy corn starch, WCS) on the retrogradation of wheat starch (WS), hoping to provide a new idea for alleviating the retrogradation of steamed cold noodles. The chain length distribution data confirmed the formation of a binary gel network resulting from the heterogeneous amylopectin structure between WCS and WS. With the increase of WCS concentration, the modulus and setback value of WS-WCS binary gel decreased, which was attributed to the newly built network structure hindering the aggregation of WS molecules.

Structural characterization of polysaccharide from an edible fungus Dictyophora indusiata and the remodel function of gut microbiota in inflammatory mice.

Dictyophora indusiata is an edible fungus, which is known as bamboo fungus. D. indusiata polysaccharide is considered as the most important bioactive component.

Formation of the rosette-like starch with enhanced V-type crystallization via modified solvent-shifting method.

This research investigated the effect modified solvent-shifting method on the formation, ordered structure, and morphology of V-type starch. Ionic liquid (IL) dissolution and hot ethanol aqueous incubation in gradient concentrations from 30 % to 80 % (v/v) were applied to optimize the relative crystallinity of V-type starch. The results showed that this new method worked in producing V-type conformation, and higher ethanol concentration tended to yield V-type starch with higher crystallinity and more disk-like shape structure within the ethanol range of 30-50 % (v/v).

Sex determination factor, a novel male-linked gene in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: Molecular characterization, expression patterns and effects of gene knockdown.

Apostichopus japonicus is a highly significant marine aquaculture species. Research findings have indicated that male sea cucumbers demonstrate a more rapid growth rate compared to females, underscoring the potential advantages of establishing an all-male population. In this study, we identified a specific protein-coding gene (ORFan) within a 4565 bp male fragment and named it sex determination factor (sdf).

Composting treatment increases the risk of microplastics pollution in process and compost products.

Organic compost is a significant carrier of microplastics (MPs) entering agricultural soil. However, the extent of MPs pollution during composting, a widely employed organic waste treatment technology, remains unknown. This study investigated MPs dynamic pollution characteristics during composting and compost products using agricultural wastes as raw materials and quantitatively evaluated ecological risks of MPs pollution.

Enhanced immunogenicity of a BoHV-1 gG-/tk- vaccine.

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is a widespread respiratory infection that significantly impacts cattle health worldwide. To address this issue in China, we previously developed a novel double gene-deleted vaccine targeting gG and tk. In this study, we further evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine by challenging vaccinated cattle with a prevalent wild-type BoHV-1 strain and comparing its effectiveness against a commercially available inactivated BoHV-1 vaccine.

Differentiated effects and mechanisms of N-, P-, S-, and Fe-modified biochar materials for remediating Cd- and Pb-contaminated calcareous soil.

To investigate the remediation effects of various modified biochar materials derived from different impregnation agents on Cd- and Pb-contaminated calcareous soil, nitrogen (N-), phosphorus (P-), sulfur (S-), and iron (Fe-) modified biochar materials (NBC, PBC, SBC, FBC) were fabricated through the impregnation-pyrolysis method and employed to immobilize Pb and Cd in the calcareous soil. The characterization results showed that NBC exhibited an uneven pore size distribution and increased aromaticity, while PBC and SBC had increased pH and ash content. Pot experiments demonstrated significantly different effects of various modified biochar materials on soil immobilization and plant uptake of Cd and Pb.

GATA3-COMT1-Melatonin as Upstream Signaling of ABA Participated in Se-Enhanced Cold Tolerance by Regulate Iron Uptake and Distribution in Cucumis sativus L.

Selenium has the function of bio-stimulating hormone. However, the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of melatonin and abscisic acid as secondary messengers in improving cold tolerance by selenium are limited. This study investigated the effects of selenite on the cold stress of cucumber seedlings.

Genetic dissection of flag leaf morphology traits and fine mapping of a novel QTL (Qflw.sxau-6BL) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Total 60-QRC for FLM traits were detected by meta-genomics analysis, nine major and stable QTL identified by DH population and validated, and a novel QTL  Qflw.sxau-6BL was fine mapped. The flag leaf is an "ideotypic" morphological trait providing photosynthetic assimilates in wheat.

Dietary supplementation of compound probiotics to improve performance, egg quality, biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of laying hens.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of compound probiotics on the performance, egg quality, biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of laying hens. A total of 180 healthy 200-day-old Hyline Brown laying hens with similar initial laying rate (87.5% ± 0.

First report of the whole‑genome sequence analysis of Fig badnavirus 2 from China.

A novel plant virus was identified in fig trees exhibiting ring spot symptoms through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The complete genome sequence was successfully determined using PCR and RT-PCR techniques. The virus features a circular DNA genome of 7233 nucleotides (nt) in length, encompassing four open reading frames (ORFs).

Highlighting antibiotic-free aquaculture by using marine microbes as a sustainable method to suppress Vibrio and enhance the performance of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana).

Brine shrimp nauplii are widely used as live food in fish and shellfish aquaculture but they may transmit pathogenic Vibrio to the target species causing significant economic loss. Heavy usage of antibiotics is expensive and environmentally damaging. Use of natural microbes as probiotics for disease management is a more sustainable strategy.

Telomere-to-telomere genome and resequencing of 254 individuals reveal evolution, genomic footprints in Asian icefish, Protosalanx chinensis.

The Asian icefish, Protosalanx chinensis, has undergone extensive colonization in various waters across China for decades due to its ecological and physiological significance as well as its economic importance in the fishery resource. Here, we decoded a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome for P. chinensis combining PacBio HiFi long reads and ultra-long ONT (nanopore) reads and Hi-C data.

Early development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Naozhou Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846).

Understanding the developmental sequence characteristics of the vertebral and appendicular skeletons of the larvae and juveniles of Larimichthys crocea (Naozhou population) can provide theoretical basis for seedling cultivation, environmental adaptation, and taxonomic identification. The cartilage-bone double staining method was used to stain, observe, and analyse the vertebrae, pectoral fins, anal fins, caudal fins, and dorsal fins of the larvae and juveniles of L. crocea (0-30 days post-hatching [DPH]).

Microsporidian Nosema bombycis secretes serine protease inhibitor to suppress host cell apoptosis via Caspase BmICE.

Microsporidia are a group of intracellular pathogens that actively manipulate host cell biological processes to facilitate their intracellular niche. Apoptosis is an important defense mechanism by which host cell control intracellular pathogens. Microsporidia modulating host cell apoptosis has been reported previously, however the molecular mechanism is not yet clear.

Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome profiling uncovers underlying mechanisms of the enhancement of the synthesis of biofilm in Sporobolomyces pararoseus NGR under acidic conditions.

Background: Sporobolomyces pararoseus is a well-studied oleaginous red yeast that can synthesize a variety of high value-added bioactive compounds. Biofilm is one of the important biological barriers for microbial cells to resist environmental stresses and maintain stable fermentation process. Here, the effect of acidic conditions on the biosynthesis of biofilms in S.

scTRIM44 Positively Regulated Siniperca Chuatsi Rhabdovirus Through RIG-I- and MDA5-Mediated Interferon Signaling.

Tripartite Motif-Containing 44 (TRIM44) is responsible for cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. However, the role of TRIM44 (scTRIM44) during viral infection remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the molecular characteristics of scTRIM44 and its role in infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), largemouth bass virus (LMBV), and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) infection.

Combination Adjuvants Enhance Recombinant H5 Hemagglutinin Vaccine Protection Against High-Dose Viral Challenge in Chickens.

Background: Recombinant avian influenza subunit vaccines often require adjuvants to enhance immune responses. This study aims to evaluate the immune-enhancing potential of seven combination adjuvants in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.

Methods: SPF chickens were vaccinated with combinations of ISA78VG and adjuvants, including Quil-A, CpG, and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA).

The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant Strains.

Duck virus hepatitis (DVH), caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), poses significant challenges to duck farming due to high mortality rates in young ducklings. Despite the widespread use of live attenuated vaccines, the genetic diversity within DHAV strains has diminished their cross-protection efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the cross-protective efficacy of current DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines against genetically divergent wild strains.

CabbageNet: Deep Learning for High-Precision Cabbage Segmentation in Complex Settings for Autonomous Harvesting Robotics.

Reducing damage and missed harvest rates is essential for improving efficiency in unmanned cabbage harvesting. Accurate real-time segmentation of cabbage heads can significantly alleviate these issues and enhance overall harvesting performance. However, the complexity of the growing environment and the morphological variability of field-grown cabbage present major challenges to achieving precise segmentation.

LiDAR-Based Negative Obstacle Detection for Unmanned Ground Vehicles in Orchards.

In orchard environments, negative obstacles such as ditches and potholes pose significant safety risks to robots working within them. This paper proposes a negative obstacle detection method based on LiDAR tilt mounting. With the LiDAR tilted at 40°, the blind spot is reduced from 3 m to 0.

Somatic Embryogenesis from the Leaf-Derived Calli of In Vitro Shoot-Regenerated Plantlets of 'Carola'.

Roses are one of the most important flowers applied to landscape, cut flowers, fragrance and food industries widely. As an effective method for plant reproduction, the regeneration via somatic embryos is the most promising method for breed improvement and genetic transformation of woody plants. However, lower somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction rates and genotypic constraints impede progress in genetic transformation in rose.

Genetic Analyses of Flower, Fruit, and Stem Traits of Intergeneric Hybrids Between 'Honghuagqinglong' and 'Heilong' Pitayas.

Pitaya is renowned for its delicious taste, high nutritional value, and economic as well as ornamental appeal. Breeding new pitaya varieties can boost economic returns by appealing to consumers with diverse morphological traits. However, the genetic basis underlying key traits in intergeneric hybrids of pitaya has yet to be fully understood.