Inhibition of the invasive plant Ambrosia trifida by Sigesbeckia glabrescens extracts.

Ambrosia trifida is an invasive weed that destroys the local ecological environment, and causes a reduction in population diversity and grassland decline. The evolution of herbicide resistance has also increased the difficulty of managing A. trifida, so interspecific plant competition based on allelopathy has been used as an effective and sustainable ecological alternative.

Zearalenone exacerbates lipid metabolism disorders by promoting liver lipid droplet formation and disrupting gut microbiota.

Zearalenone (ZEA), produced by Fusarium, is a fungal toxin commonly found in maize, wheat, and other cereals. ZEA has the ability to bind to estrogen receptors of humans and animals and is an environmental endocrine disruptor that may interfere with glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. In this study, we first investigated the effects of chronic exposure to low doses of ZEA with a high-fat-diet (HFD) in obese C57BL/6 J mice.

Genetic Mechanism Analysis Related to Cold Tolerance of Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii.

In China, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), a notorious invasive species, has become an important economic freshwater species. In order to compare the genetic diversity and population structure of crayfish from northern and southern China, we collected 60 crayfish individuals from 4 crayfish populations in northern China and 2 populations in southern China for sequencing using the 2b-RAD technique. Additionally, the whole genome sequence information obtained by 2b-RAD of 90 individuals from 2 populations in northern China and 7 populations in southern China were downloaded from NCBI.

Plastome data provides new insights into population differentiation and evolution of Ginkgo in the Sichuan Basin of China.

Background: Ginkgo biloba L., an iconic living fossil, challenges traditional views of evolutionary stasis. While nuclear genomic studies have revealed population structure across China, the evolutionary patterns reflected in maternally inherited plastomes remain unclear, particularly in the Sichuan Basin - a potential glacial refugium that may have played a crucial role in Ginkgo's persistence.

Ion homeostasis and coordinated salt tolerance mechanisms in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)doubled haploid line.

Salinization poses a significant challenge in agriculture. Identifying salt-tolerant plant germplasm resources and understanding their mechanisms of salt tolerance are crucial for breeding new salt-tolerant plant varieties. However, one of the primary obstacles to achieving this goal in crops is the physiological complexity of the salt-tolerance trait.

Analysis of growth physiological changes and metabolome of highland barley seedlings under cadmium (II) stress.

This study aims to investigate the physiological changes in growth and metabolic response mechanisms of highland barley under different concentrations of cadmium. To achieve this, cadmium stress was applied to green barley at levels of 20, 40, and 80 mg/L. The results revealed that, under Cd(II) stress, the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis in leaves of highland barley seedlings were inhibited to some extent.

Evaporation Dynamics of Deionized Water Droplets on Hydrophobic Leaves.

Self-cleaning applications based on bionic surface designs requires an in-depth understanding of unique and complex wetting and evaporation processes of sessile droplets on natural biosurfaces. To this end, hydrophobic bamboo and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana leaves are excellent candidates for self-cleaning applications, but various properties, such as the heat and mass transfer processes during evaporation, remain unknown. Here, the dynamics of contact angle, radius, and heat and mass transfer during evaporation of sessile droplets on bamboo and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana leaves with roughness in the range 2.

Pyrrolopyrrole Cyanine Aggregates with Amplified Superoxide Radical Generation, GSH Depletion, and Photothermal Action for Hypoxic Cancer Phototherapy.

The elevated glutathione (GSH) level and hypoxia in tumor cells are two key obstacles to realizing the high performance of phototherapy. Herein, the electron-donating rotors are introduced to wings of electron-withdrawing pyrrolopyrrole cyanine (PPCy) to form donor-acceptor-donor structure -aggregates for amplified superoxide radical generation, GSH depletion, and photothermal action for hypoxic cancer phototherapy to tackle this challenge. Three PPCy photosensitizers (PPCy-H, PPCy-Br, and PPCy-TPE) produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (O) in hypoxia tumors exclusively as well as excellent photothermal performances under light irradiation.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in Ctenopharyngodon idella Based on the Sparse Sampling Method and a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model Following Intravenous and Oral Administration.

The objective of this study was to implement population pharmacokinetic (PPK) of enrofloxacin (EF) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after a single oral administration and a single intravenous administration based on a nonlinear mixed effect model. The plasma samples collected by the sparse sampling method were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. The initial pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were evaluated by reference search and the calculation of a naïve pooled method.

MaGA20ox2f, an OsSD1 homolog, regulates flowering time and fruit yield in banana.

Unlabelled: Previous studies illustrated that two banana GA20 oxidase2 (MaGA20ox2) genes, and , are implicated in controlling banana growth and development; however, the biological function of each gene remains unknown. Ma04g15900 protein (termed MaGA20ox2f in this article) is the closest homolog to the Rice SD1 (encoded by 'green revolution gene', ) in the banana genome. The expression of is confined to leaves, peduncles, fruit peels, and pulp.

Regulatory Roles of Quercetin in Alleviating Fructose-Induced Hepatic Steatosis: Targeting Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Metabolites.

While fructose is a key dietary component, concerns have been raised about its potential risks to the liver. This study aimed to assess quercetin's protective effects against fructose-induced mouse hepatic steatosis. Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into four groups: control, high fructose diet (HFrD), HFrD supplemented with low-dose quercetin (HFrD+LQ), and HFrD supplemented with high-dose quercetin (HFrD+HQ).

Hyaluronic acid/silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with methotrexate for topical treatment of psoriasis.

Systemic administration of methotrexate (MTX), widely regarded as one of the most effective treatments for psoriasis, poses significant challenges due to its high toxicity, limited solubility, and potential for adverse effects. Consequently, developing a topical form of MTX may offer a safer and more effective strategy for psoriasis management. Silk fibroin (SF), a protein-based biomacromolecule, has shown considerable promise as a nanocarrier for sustained and targeted drug delivery, owing to its exceptional physicochemical and biological properties.

Circadian rhythms of microbial communities and their role in regulating nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in the rhizosphere of tea plants.

The circadian clock mediates metabolic functions of plants and rhythmically shapes structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. However, it is unclear how the circadian rhythm of plant hosts regulates changes in rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities and nutrient cycles. In the present study, we measured diel changes in the rhizosphere of bacterial and fungal communities, and in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in 20-year-old tea plantations.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation provides a new insight into resveratrol biosynthesis by causing a metabolic pathway shift from flavonoids to stilbenoids in cells.

Resveratrol is an important phytoalexin that adapts to and responds to stressful conditions and plays various roles in health and medical therapies. However, it is only found in a limited number of plant species in low concentrations, which hinders its development and utilization. Chalcone synthase (CHS) and stilbene synthase (STS) catalyze the same substrates to produce flavonoids and resveratrol, respectively.

Design and synthesis of coumarin-based amphoteric antimicrobials with biofilm interference and immunoregulation effects.

Bacterial infections pose a threat to human and animal health, and the formation of biofilm exacerbates the microbial threat. New antimicrobial agents to address this challenge are much needed. In this study, several new amphoteric compounds derived from the natural product coumarin were designed and synthesized by mimicking the structure and function of antimicrobial peptides.

A complete chloroplast genome of S. S. Lai 2004 (Crassulaceae: Crassuloideae).

We determined the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. S. Lai 2004.

Photodynamic bactericidal nanomaterials in food packaging: From principle to application.

Compared to traditional preservatives, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) offers a promising bactericidal approach due to its nontoxic nature and low propensity for microbial resistance. In this paper, we initially investigate the principles and antibacterial mechanisms underlying PDI. We then review factors influencing PDI's germicidal efficacy in food preservation.

Gibberellin-3 induced dormancy and suppression of flower bud formation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus).

Background: Flowering is a complex, finely regulated process involving multiple phytohormones and transcription factors. However, flowering regulation in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) remains largely unexamined. This study addresses this gap by investigating gibberellin-3 (GA3) effects on flower bud (FB) development in pitaya.

Preparation of a biodegradable packaging film by konjac glucomannan/sodium alginate reinforced with nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from crayfish shell for crayfish meat preservation.

The development of biomass material is an important approach to alleviating the excessive using of plastic packaging, by which the product could be more environmentally friendly and lower toxicity. In this study, we developed a biodegradable photodynamic antibacterial food packaging film using nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) synthesized from crayfish shells, combined with konjac glucomannan (KGM) and sodium alginate (SA). Casting method was used to prepare the composite film and results indicated that incorporation of N-CQDs significantly enhanced the mechanical and barrier properties of the film by reducing the number of micropores.

Comparative genomics analysis of the reason for C heavy-ion irradiation in improving FeO nanoparticle yield of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.

The FeO nanoparticle synthesized by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans have a broad practical value, while the low yield limits their commercial application. Herein, we employed a C heavy-ion beam to induce mutagenesis of A. ferrooxidans BYM and successfully screened a mutant BYMT-200 with a 1.

Exploring the metabolic patterns and response mechanisms of bile acids during fasting: A study with poultry as an example.

Fasting is beneficial to alleviate fatty liver, lose weight and improve reproductive function. However, previous studies have shown that, during fasting, disorders of bile acid metabolism were strongly associated with intestinal inflammation. The physiological and biochemical parameters and gene expression of multiple tissues of chickens at every critical time node were measured by ELISA and qPCR.

Construction and controlled flavor release of high internal phase emulsion stabilized by pH-driven-assembled soy peptide nanoparticles.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of pH-driven assembled soy peptide nanoparticle (SPN) to prepare high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing sweet orange essential oil (SOEO), and the effects of SPN concentration and oil phase fraction on the formation, stability and flavor release characteristics were investigated. Results showed that stable HIPEs with excellent self-supporting state were successfully fabricated at relative high SPN concentrations (0.5-3.

Accelerating electron transfer reduces CH and CO emissions in paddy soil.

As an accelerated electron transfer device, the influence of microbial electrochemical snorkel (MES) on soil greenhouse gas production remains unclear. Electron transport is the key to methane production and denitrification. We found that the NO amount of the MES treatment was comparable to the control however the cumulative CO and CH emissions were reduced by 50% and 41%, respectively.

Cross-Shaped Heat Tensor Network for Morphometric Analysis Using Zebrafish Larvae Feature Keypoints.

Deep learning-based morphometric analysis of zebrafish is widely utilized for non-destructively identifying abnormalities and diagnosing diseases. However, obtaining discriminative and continuous organ category decision boundaries poses a significant challenge by directly observing zebrafish larvae from the outside. To address this issue, this study simplifies the organ areas to polygons and focuses solely on the endpoint positioning.