Knockout of a testis-specific gene cluster impairs male fertility in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

Background: The function of some testis-specific genes (TSGs) in model insects have been studied, but their function in non-model insects remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we identified several TSGs in the fall armyworm (FAW), a significant agricultural pest, through comparative transcriptomic analysis. A testis-specific gene cluster (TSGC) comprising multiple functional genes and long non-coding RNAs was found.

Effect of digital health applications with or without gamification on physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Use of health applications (apps) to support healthy lifestyles has intensified. Different app features may support effectiveness, including gamification defined as the use of game elements in a non-game situation. Whether health apps with gamification can impact behaviour change and cardiometabolic risk factors remains unknown.

Biosecurity measures reducing spp. and hepatitis E virus prevalence in pig farms-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

spp. and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are significant foodborne zoonotic pathogens that impact the health of livestock, farmers, and the general public. This study aimed to identify biosecurity measures (BSMs) against these pathogens on swine farms in Europe, the United States, and Canada.

Organic trace elements enhance growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in finishing pigs.

Excessive inorganic trace elements are added to livestock and poultry feed to meet the needs of animals, accompanied by frequent occurrence of excretion and gastrointestinal stress. Replacing inorganic trace elements with organic trace elements provides a promising solution to alleviate these problems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of replacing all inorganic trace elements (ITMs) in feed on the growth performance, meat quality, serum parameters, trace element metabolism, and gut microbiota of finishing pigs.

Metabolomic and metagenomic analyses elucidate the role of intercropping in mitigating continuous cropping challenges in tobacco.

Introduction: Crop rotation of tobacco with other crops could effectively break the negative impact of continuous tobacco cropping, but the mechanisms of intercropping system effects on tobacco, especially on the rhizosphere, are not clear.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the impact of intercropping system on the diversity and function of tobacco metabolites and microorganisms through metabolomic and metagenomic analyses of the tobacco rhizosphere microenvironment intercropped with maize and soybean.

Results: The results showed that the contents of huperzine b, chlorobenzene, and P-chlorophenylalanine in tobacco rhizosphere soils differed significantly among soybean-tobacco and maize-tobacco intercropping system.

Citri reticulate pericranium-derived extracellular vesicles exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and enhance the bioactivity of nobiletin by forming EVs-nob nanoparticles.

Plant-driven extracellular vesicles (PEVs) have attracted significant interest due to their natural origin, remarkable bioactivity, and efficacy in drug encapsulation and target delivery. In our work, extracellular vesicles from Citri Reticulate Pericranium (CEVs) were isolated and investigated their physicochemical characteristics and biological activities. We identified the vesicle structures as regular, with a particle size of approximately 200 nm.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Developmental Landscape of Wheat Roots.

Allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major crops worldwide, however there is very limited research on the transcriptional programmes of underlying cell type specification. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to unravel the transcriptome heterogeneity of cells and the composition of cell types in broad-spectrum organisms.

Oral Delivery of 5-Demethylnobiletin by Media-Milled Black Rice Particle-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion Alleviates Colitis in Mice: Synergistic Effects of Carrier and Loaded Bioactive.

Traditional colitis treatment strategies have issues such as side effects and poor lesion targeting. In this study, a milled black rice particle-stabilized Pickering emulsion (BR-5-DMN) has been developed as a delivery vehicle for 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DMN) to treat colitis. The alleviating effects of three 5-DMN delivery systems: BR-5-DMN, Tween 80 emulsion for upper gastrointestinal delivery, and soybean oil with most 5-DMN entering the colon were compared.

An In Vitro Nutritional Evaluation of Mixed Silages of Drought-Impaired Grass and Sugar Beet Pulp With or Without Silage Inoculants.

Increasing droughts adversely affect grasslands, diminishing the availability and quality of forages for ruminants. We have recently shown that mixed ensiling of drought-impaired grass (DIG) with sugar beet pulp (SBP) improved the conservation and feed value of silage. The application of silage additives may further improve the ruminal degradability, which may thereby shape the fermentation and microbiome in the rumen when those silages are tested as part of dairy diets.

Identification and bioinformatics analysis of the DUS gene in Eimeria media.

This study aims to explore the coding sequence (CDS) of the putative DUS gene in Eimeria media and assess its potential biological functions during the parasite's lifecycle. Initially, oocysts were isolated from fecal samples of rabbits infected with E. media, from which DNA and RNA were extracted.

Pathogenicity of tick-derived lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in BALB/c mice.

Background: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a zoonotic pathogen primarily transmitted by rodents. Recently, LCMV has been detected in ticks from northeastern China; however, the pathogenicity of this virus in murine models remains to be elucidated.

Results: Here, we examined the tick-derived LCMV strain JX14 by inoculating BALB/c mice with 3.

Morphological variation of Ficus johannis subsp. afghanistanica (Warb.) Browicz in Sistan-va-Baluchestan province, Iran.

Background: Ficus johannis subsp. afghanistanica (Warb.) Browicz is an important plant species belonging to the Moraceae family and is part of the Ficus genus.

Genomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of Cutibacterium acnes breast milk isolates.

Background: Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most commonly found microbes in breast milk. However, little is known about the genomic characteristics of C. acnes isolated from breast milk.

Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Water Buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) From Türkiye.

Purpose: Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are zoonotic protozoan parasites that are widely seen in domestic and wild animals worldwide. While these pathogens, which affect the digestive system of the hosts, cause high economic losses in animal breeding, they are also considered an important public health problem.

Shanxi province food security evaluation research.

Food security is the foundation of national security, which is related to economic development and social stability. Shanxi Province, as China's grain production and marketing balance area, has rich agricultural resources and profound farming civilization, its food security situation is not only related to its own economic development, but also has a strategic position that can not be ignored in the national food security system. Based on the concept and goal of the development of food security in Shanxi Province, from the five aspects of quantity security, economic security, policy security, resource sustainability and ecological sustainability, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of food security in Shanxi Province, including the fluctuation rate of grain production and the sown area of grain, and establishes the entropy TOPSIS model to evaluate the development level of food security in Shanxi Province.

Methionine-driven methylation modification overcomes plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance.

Tigecycline is a last-resort antibiotic to treat complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, while the emergence of plasmid-mediated tet(X) family severely compromises its clinical efficacy. Novel antimicrobial strategies not limited to new antibiotics in pharmaceutical pipeline are urgently needed. Herein, we reveal the metabolic disparities between tet(X)-negative and -positive E.

GmERF13 mediates salt inhibition of nodulation through interacting with GmLBD16a in soybean.

While the genetic regulation of nodule formation has been well explored, the molecular mechanisms by which abiotic stresses, such as salt stress, impede nodule formation remain largely elusive. Here, we identify four APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors, GmERF13s, that are induced by salt stress and play key roles in salt-repressed nodulation. Loss of GmERF13 function increases nodule density, while its overexpression suppresses nodulation.

Integration of Immune Responses and Transcriptomic Signatures Reveals the Efficacy of Maternal Genetic Vaccination in a Pregnant Model and Its Neonates.

Maternal vaccination is essential for safeguarding both mother and foetus from infectious diseases. This study investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a maternal ORF-B2L genetic vaccine in a pregnant rat model, focusing on maternal-neonatal immune modulation, placental and neonatal spleen transcriptomics and the underlying mechanisms contributing to neonatal immune development. Female rats received intramuscular injections of either a gene vaccine (GV) containing 200 μg of recombinant ORF-B2L DNA and 50 μg of a subunit protein or an empty plasmid as a control.

Excitation Spillover from PSII to PSI in Leaves at 77K.

Heterogeneous distribution of PSI and PSII in thick grana in shade chloroplasts is argued to hinder spillover of chlorophyll excitations from PSII to PSI. To examine this dogma, we measured fluorescence induction at 77K at 690 nm (PSII) and 760 nm (mostly PSI) in the leaf discs of Spinacia oleracea, Cucumis sativus and shade tolerant Alocasia odora, grown at high and low light, and quantified their spillover capacities. PSI fluorescence (FI) consists of the intrinsic PSI fluorescence (FIα) and fluorescence caused by excitations spilt over from PSII (FIβ).

Analysis of printing temperature effect on texture modification: Potential of soy protein isolate-based bigel for swallowing-friendly food.

This work prepared the soy protein isolate (SPI)-beeswax-based bigel loaded with β-carotene, and the effect of printing temperature (PT) on texture regulation was investigated. During printing, increasing PT weakened the rheological properties and printability of ink. However, the mechanical strength and deformation resistance at non-linear regions of products were strengthened after printing.

The P-type ATPase gene AHA5 is involved in proanthocyanidins accumulation in Medicago truncatula.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the second most abundant plant phenolic natural products. The proton membrane H-ATPase (AHA) is required for PA transportation in vacuoles, but it remains unclear which AHA gene(s) encode tonoplast proton pump in M. truncatula.

GABAFG isolated fom ginseng ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating gut microbiota and autophagy-lysosome pathway.

Introduction: Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is a systemic metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance and malfunctioning pancreatic β-cells. Although ginseng (the roots of Panax ginseng C.

Comprehensive metabolic profiling of three plants of Ardisia based on UPLC-QTOF-MS coupled with bioactivity assays.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ardisia is a large genus of Primulaceae, 734 accepted species worldwide, and most species are used as ethnomedicines for the treatment of bruises, rheumatism, tuberculosis, and various inflammatory diseases. According to our previous ethnobotanical survey, Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf, Ardisia hanceana Mez (Da-luo-san), and Ardisia crenata Sims (Xiao-luo-san) are commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism. Among them, A.