Enhancing wheat tolerance to salinity using nanomaterials, proline, and biochar-inoculated with .

Salinity negatively impacts crop production by affecting physiological and biochemical processes in plants. This study investigates the effectiveness of Nano-ZnO (NZn), proline (PA), Nano-TiO (NTi), Nano-SiO (NSi)), and biochar inoculated with (OSBS) in enhancing wheat tolerance to salinity stress. Pot experiments were conducted under saline conditions with varying rates of biochar and foliar applications.