Bayesian Architecture for Predictive Monitoring of Unbalance Faults in a Turbine Rotor-Bearing System.

Unbalance faults are among the common causes of interruptions and unexpected failures in rotary systems. Therefore, monitoring unbalance faults is essential for predictive maintenance. While conventional time-invariant mathematical models can assess the impact of these faults, they often rely on proper assumptions of system factors like bearing stiffness and damping characteristics.

Ionomeric Nanofibers: A Versatile Platform for Advanced Functional Materials.

The one-dimensional nanomaterials known as nanofibers have remarkable qualities, such as large surface areas, adjustable porosity, and superior mechanical strength. Ionomers, types of polymers, have ionic functional groups that give them special properties, including high mechanical strength, water absorption capacity, and ionic conductivity. Integrating ionomers and nanofibers with diverse materials and advanced methodologies has been shown to improve the mechanical strength, processing capacity, and multifunctional attributes of ionomeric nanofibers.

Deciphering the Liaison Between Fine Particulate Matter Pollution, Oxidative Stress, and Prostate Cancer: Where Are We Now?

Prostate cancer (PCa), a highly prevalent cancer in men worldwide, is projected to rise in the coming years. As emerging data indicate the carcinogenic effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in lung cancer and other site-specific cancers, there is an urgent need to evaluate the relationship between this environmental risk factor and PCa as a potential target for intervention.

Proximity to petrochemical industry and risk of childhood asthma occurrence.

Adverse effects on the respiratory system were associated with intensive petroleum-related industrial activities. The study aimed to assess the impact of petrochemical exposure on childhood asthma using various surrogate indices. A singleton birth cohort from 2004 to 2017 was conducted, leveraging two linked nationwide databases in Taiwan.

The characteristics of temperature-responsive ionic liquids on the integrated operational effectiveness of water reclamation from semiconductor wastewater using forward osmosis.

Large amounts of wastewater are produced from semiconductor manufacturing, and the production energy consumption has skyrocketed with its global demand in recent years. Forward osmosis (FO) provides unique merits in reclaiming the wastewater if suitable draw solutes with high water flux, low leakage, and limited energy requirement in regeneration are available. Two lower critical solution temperature-ionic liquids (LCST-ILs), tetrabutylphosphonium trimethylbenzensulfonate ([P][TMBS]) and tetrabutylphosphonium maleate ([P][Mal]) were synthesized and systematically assessed as recycled draw solutes in FO for the water reclamation from the wastewater of Si-ingot sawing.

Synergistic effect of Zr MOF modified functionalized carbon nano fibres for determination of tert-butylhydroquinone in food samples.

In modern life, people often neglect to consider their eating habits. Antioxidants are primarily used as food additives due to their stability and low toxicity. TBHQ is a commonly used antioxidant in food products as an additive.

Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites for electrochemical evaluation of food-based preservative and bioactive targets of hydrogen peroxide and rutin in real fruit and drug samples.

Development of a reliable tool to detect hydrogen peroxide (HO) and rutin in food-derived products and bioactive flavonoids is essential for food safety. Nevertheless, food/drug-based real samples are complex matrices that affect the sensor's specificity and sensitivity. For this purpose, we developed a simple electrochemical detection platform using covalent organic framework‑silver nanoparticles (COF-AgNPs).

Docosahexaenoic Acid-Infused Core-Shell Fibrous Membranes for Prevention of Epidural Adhesions.

Avoiding epidural adhesion following spinal surgery can reduce clinical discomfort and complications. As the severity of epidural adhesion is positively correlated with the inflammatory response, implanting a fibrous membrane after spinal surgery, which can act as a physical barrier to prevent adhesion formation while simultaneously modulates postoperative inflammation, is a promising approach to meet clinical needs. Toward this end, we fabricated an electrospun core-shell fibrous membrane (CSFM) based on polylactic acid (PLA) and infused the fiber core region with the potent natural anti-inflammatory compound docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Application of extended reality in pediatric neurosurgery: A comprehensive review.

The integration of Extended Reality (XR) technologies, including Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), represents a significant advancement in pediatric neurosurgery. These technologies offer immersive and interactive 3D visualization capabilities, which enhance the precision and accuracy of surgical procedures. This comprehensive review systematically examines the current applications of XR in pediatric neurosurgery.

Recent advances in flexible multifunctional electrochromic devices.

Electrochromism refers to the phenomenon in which certain materials undergo a redox reaction under an applied voltage or current, resulting in reversible changes in their optical properties and color appearance. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) show great potential in smart windows, anti-glare rear-view mirrors and displays due to the advantages of low energy consumption and simple control mechanisms. However, traditional ECDs are unfavorable for wearable and deformable optoelectronics due to the structural rigidity and limited functions.

Augmented triboelectric properties of graphene-filled poly(vinylidene difluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofibers.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the triboelectric effect, supplying power to a wide array of advanced sensing and monitoring systems. In this work, we utilized graphene-filled nanofibrous poly(vinylidene difluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) as TENGs, employing electrospinning technology. We examined how the dielectric characteristics and transferred charge of the electrification mat affect the output of TENGs.

Ratiometric optical dual gas sensor for simultaneous detection of nitric oxide and oxygen intended for healthcare, biological, and biomedical applications.

Developing efficient and reliable gas sensors for the simultaneous detection of multiple gases is paramount in various fields, specifically healthcare, biological, and biomedical applications. In this study, we present a novel ratiometric optical dual gas sensor based on perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) to detect nitric oxide and oxygen simultaneously. All dye molecules were excited using a 405 nm LED in the experimental setup.

Judicious Molecular Design of 5H‑Dithieno[3,2‑b:2',3'‑d]Pyran-based Hole-Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The structural modification of hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is an effective strategy for enhancing photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a series of dithienopyran (DTP)-based HTMs (Me-H, Ph-H, CF3-H, CF3-mF, and CF3-oF) is designed and synthesized by substituting different functional groups on the DTP unit and are used fabricating PSCs. In comparison with Me-H having two methyl substituents on the dithienopyrano ring, the Ph-H having two phenyl substituents on the ring exhibits higher PCEs.

Rational Molecular Design of Indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-Based Passivators with Multifunctional Groups to Effectively Retard Recombination and Enhance Voc in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Three indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-based passivators (CQs) with different functionalities including ketone, malononitrile, nitrile, and amine were prepared and used as passivators in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). All of them exhibit good thermal stability, low cost, and ease of preparation. The variation in molecular geometries, in planar and spiro-shaped designs with appropriate functional groups, highlights a comparison between their passivation properities.

Water Vapor-Impermeable AlON/HfO Bilayer Films Deposited by Hybrid High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering/Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Processes.

Water vapor-impermeable AlON/HfO bilayer films were constructed through a hybrid high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and radio-frequency magnetron sputtering process (RFMS), applied as an encapsulation of flexible electronics such as organic photovoltaics. The deposition of monolithic and amorphous AlON films through HiPIMS was investigated by varying the duty cycles from 5% to 20%. At an accelerated test condition, 60 °C, and 90% relative humidity, a 100 nm thick monolithic AlON film prepared using a duty cycle of 20% exhibited a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 0.

Enhancing Subjective Well-Being in Taiwanese University Students Through an Eight-Week Mindfulness-Based Program: A Pilot Study.

While mindfulness has demonstrated extensive benefits across diverse populations, research on its integration as a formal course and its effects on subjective well-being (SWB), particularly among Taiwanese university students, remains limited. This pilot study examined changes in SWB among 85 Taiwanese university students (61 males, 24 females) following an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Life (MBCT-L) course. Participants included 38 lower-grade (pre-internship) and 47 senior (post-internship) students.

Gender Differences in Head and Neck Posture Among Smartphone Users While Walking: Insights from Field Observations in Taipei.

: Despite the increasing prevalence of smartphone use while walking, few studies have comprehensively investigated head and neck posture in real-world settings. This study employed a single-blind observation of smartphone users walking in public areas of Taipei, Taiwan, to examine head and neck movements, with a particular focus on the effects of gender and hand-operation type. : We conducted observations of 120 smartphone users (60 males and 60 females), recording neck flexion (NF), head flexion (HF), gaze angle (GA), and viewing distance (VD) in the sagittal plane during walking.

Synergistic Fat-Reducing Effect of Deoxycholic Acid and Rhein in Lipid-Based Nanoparticles with Reduced Toxicity for Obesity Treatment.

Purpose: Injectable deoxycholic acid (DA) has been approved for removing excess submental fat and is off-label for local adipose tissue reduction. Conventional DA injections fail to control fat reduction and generate severe adverse effects in adjacent non-adipose tissues. We designed squarticles as lipid-based nanoparticles for DA delivery to reduce fat accumulation.

Cobalt nanoclusters Deposit on Nitrogen-Doped graphene Sheets as bifunctional electrocatalysts for high performance lithium - Oxygen batteries.

Rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O) batteries are being considered as the next-generation energy storage systems due to their higher theoretical energy density. However, the practical application of Li-O batteries is hindered by slow kinetics and the formation of side products during the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions on the cathode. These reactions lead to high overpotentials during charging and discharging.

Framing emission gain layers for perovskite light-emitting diodes using polycaprolactone-silver nanoparticles featuring Förster resonance energy transfer and Purcell effects.

In this study, a new emission gain layer for perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is presented to improve their performance. The emission gain layer consisting of absorption-stable silver nanoparticles is prepared using the post-addition method of the polycaprolactone capping agent (PCL@AgNPs-P). This layer (PCL@AgNPs-P) effectively improves the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the low- (minor) and high- (major) phases in a quasi2D perovskite system, thereby increasing the major emission intensity and efficiency.

Regio- and Chemo-selective C-H Arylation of 3-Bromothiophene: A Synthesis Shortcut to Versatile π-Conjugated Building Blocks for Optoelectronic Materials.

Unlike traditional multi-step synthetic approaches, we developed a single-step synthesis of versatile π-conjugated building blocks bearing post-functionalizable C-H and C-Br bonds. Direct C-H arylation of 3-bromothiophene with various iodo(hetero)aryls was successfully carried out with good regio- and chemo-selectivity. Under optimized reaction conditions, 20 new compounds were facilely prepared in yields up to 91 %.

Transient Photocurrent Responses of SrCeTiO Perovskites Under Visible Light Illumination for Photovoltaic Applications.

The objective of this study was to synthesize strontium titanate (SrCeTiO) doped with Ce by solid state method. Its crystalline structure is SrCeTiO, and its bandgap ranges from ~3.3 to ~2.

A ZnO-nanorod/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite functionalized bridge-like membrane type nanomechanical sensing device for ultrasensitive blood lead detection.

Lead (Pb) ion detection poses a critical problem, particularly in environmental monitoring, industrial operations, and public health, especially for young children and expecting women. Determining lead levels in blood early on is essential to minimizing the long-term consequences of lead exposure. Several sophisticated detection instruments, such as mass spectrometers which perform with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, but require a lab-based setting, multi-step sample preparation, expensive payment and professional operation.

Improving the Efficiency of Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cell Using Down-Conversion Coating.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated exceptional efficiency, yet surpassing theoretical performance limits requires innovative methodologies. Among these, down-conversion techniques are pivotal in reducing optical losses and enhancing energy conversion efficiency. In this study, optical modeling, including a generalized transfer-matrix optical model, was employed to meticulously assess optical losses in semitransparent PSCs illuminated from the front and rear sides of the device.