Autologous graft-versus-host disease in a child with stage IV neuroblastoma.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an underappreciated complication of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) that can affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. The development of this rare condition is probably due to an impairment of immunologic tolerance that can occur spontaneously through T-cell dysregulation, possibly from intensive conditioning chemotherapy regimens, or intentionally through administration of cyclosporine in the hopes of promoting an antitumor response. We present the case of a 2-year-old boy with metastatic neuroblastoma who spontaneously developed autologous GVHD after AHSCT.