Knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in Sudan: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Vaccines are an essential part of public health interventions to mitigate the devastating health and non-health impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the fact that Sudan launched the COVID-19 vaccination program in March 2021, only 10% of the population received their two primary doses of vaccines by the end of May 2022. This delayed uptake of vaccines obviously warrants investigation.

International Analgesia and Sedation Weaning and Withdrawal Practices in Critically Ill Adults: The Adult Iatrogenic Withdrawal Study in the ICU.

Objectives: Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) associated with opioid and sedative use for medical purposes has a reported high prevalence and associated morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, utilization, and characteristics of opioid and sedative weaning and IWS policies/protocols in the adult ICU population.

Design: International, multicenter, observational, point prevalence study.

How do medical students want to learn ENT? Perspectives from a consensus forum.

Objective: The UK Medical Licensing Assessment curriculum represents a consensus on core content, including ENT-related content for newly qualified doctors. No similar consensus exists as to how ENT content should be taught at medical school.

Method: A virtual consensus forum was held at the 2nd East of England ENT Conference in April 2021.

Work-related musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in laparoscopic surgeons: an international multispecialty survey.

Introduction: As laparoscopic surgery is used more widely across the globe and within multiple surgical specialties the potential impact on surgeons is yet to be fully quantified. Maintenance of uncomfortable body positions may lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) in surgeons, with potential knock-on effects.

Methods: An international open online survey of multispecialty laparoscopic surgeons was carried out, designed and reported in accordance with the CHERRIES checklist for internet e-survey research.

Fracture Neck of the Femur: A Case of Two Pathologies.

We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who sustained a left neck of femur (NOF) fracture following low-energy trauma. Computed tomography (CT) scan for the neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis was normal apart from enlargement of the right lobe of the thyroid. Interestingly, thyroid function was normal.

Incidental hepatitis B virus in Sudanese patients and relative risk factors: Why more screening is needed in primary care?

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered one of the most paternally transmissible viruses. Therefore, education about its risk factors and transmission is vital in decreasing the prevalence of the disease burden in Sudan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relative risk factors of HBV and its impact on the society.

Can COVID-19 lead to Addison's disease in individual living with HIV? A case report and literature review.

We report a case of a 46-year-old female with HIV for the last 15 years admitted to our hospital with a history of fever. She was diagnosed with pneumonia and was treated with antibiotics and recovered well; however, she was found to be hyponatremic. She mentioned that she tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 4 months prior to the admission, and she gradually lost weight since.

Assessment of the levels of antispike SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and their association with clinical characteristics in cohort of patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global public health crisis. The disease is known to be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, but the detailed characteristics of the immune response to this novel virus have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to determine the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and their correlation with clinical features at three time points postinfection in a group of patients in Saudi Arabia.

Bone Health in People Living with HIV/AIDS: An Update of Where We Are and Potential Future Strategies.

The developments in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and in the care of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) over the last three decades has led to a significant increase in life expectancy, on par with HIV-negative individuals. Aside from the fact that bone fractures tend to occur 10 years earlier than in HIV-negative individuals, HIV is, per se, an independent risk factor for bone fractures. A few available antiretroviral therapies (ARVs) are also linked with osteoporosis, particularly those involving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).

Venetoclax ramp-up strategies for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in the United Kingdom: a real world multicentre retrospective study.

This retrospective, observational study evaluated patterns of inpatient versus outpatient tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) monitoring during venetoclax ramp-up in 170 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The primary outcome was clinical/biochemical TLS. Two clinical and four biochemical TLS occurred (4.

Risk factors associated with fasting during Ramadan among individuals with diabetes according to IDF-DAR risk score in Atbara city, Sudan: Cross-sectional hospital-based study.

Background: Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims. The aim of this study was to assess risk associated with Ramadan fasting among Sudanese individuals with diabetes (high, moderate, and low risk) according to International Diabetes Federation in collaboration with Diabetes and Ramadan International alliance (IDF-DAR) Practical Guidelines 2021 risk score.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study recruited 300 individuals with diabetes (79% have type 2 diabetes) from diabetes centers in Atbara city, the River Nile state, Sudan.

Shoulder instability in military personnel: diagnosis and outcomes of arthroscopic stabilisation.

Introduction: Shoulder instability is a common problem for military personnel due to the highly physical demands of work and training. This study assessed the pattern of glenoid labrum tears suffered by serving UK military personnel, the reliability of preoperative diagnostic methods (magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) vs clinical examination) and, finally, the outcomes of arthroscopic stabilisation in terms of satisfaction, pain, and return to sport and full deployment.

Methods: Retrospective demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients within our unit who underwent arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation between September 2016 and January 2019.

Protocol for the TRANSLATE prospective, multicentre, randomised clinical trial of prostate biopsy technique.

Objectives: Primary objectives: to determine whether local anaesthetic transperineal prostate (LATP) biopsy improves the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), defined as International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group ≥2 disease (i.e., any Gleason pattern 4 disease), compared to transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy, in biopsy-naïve men undergoing biopsy based on suspicion of csPCa.

Safety and effectiveness of newer antidiabetic medications during Ramadan fasting and safety of Ramadan fasting after bariatric surgery.

Background: Fasting during Ramadan is mandatory for all adult healthy Muslims. International studies found that most Muslims with diabetes mellitus fast during Ramadan. The main risk factors are hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and dehydration during fasting.

The potential for eye donation from hospice and palliative care clinical settings in England: a retrospective case note review of deceased patients' records.

There is a need to identify additional routes of supply for ophthalmic tissue in the UK. This paper reports the findings from a national study exploring the potential for eye donation (ED) from three Hospice Care (HC) and three Hospital Palliative Care Services (HPC) in England. The objectives addressed in this paper are i.

Assessing a 12-month course of oral alendronate for adults with avascular necrosis of the hip: MANTIS RCT with internal pilot.

Background: People with avascular necrosis of the hip have very limited treatment options currently available to stop the progression of this disease; this often results in the need for a hip replacement. There is some weak evidence that a class of drugs called bisphosphonates may delay the course of the disease, and this trial was commissioned and set up to provide robust evidence regarding the use of bisphosphonates in adults aged ≥ 18 years with this condition.

Objectives: The aim of the Managing Avascular Necrosis Treatments: an Interventional Study ( MANTIS ) trial was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 12-month course of alendronate in the treatment of avascular necrosis.

Left ventricular assessment with artificial intelligence increases the diagnostic accuracy of stress echocardiography.

Aims: To evaluate whether left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), automatically calculated by artificial intelligence (AI), increases the diagnostic performance of stress echocardiography (SE) for coronary artery disease (CAD) detection.

Methods And Results: SEs from 512 participants who underwent a clinically indicated SE (with or without contrast) for the evaluation of CAD from seven hospitals in the UK and US were studied. Visual wall motion scoring (WMS) was performed to identify inducible ischaemia.

Do specific maternal sensations experienced in late pregnancy correlate to a breech presenting baby? Evaluation of a simple maternal questionnaire.

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of a structured questionnaire completed at 36 weeks gestation in predicting breech presentation.

Design: Questionnaire-based study.

Setting: Tertiary NHS Foundation Trust.

Early computed tomography coronary angiography in adults presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome: the RAPID-CTCA RCT.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome is a common medical emergency. The optimal strategy to investigate patients who are at intermediate risk of acute coronary syndrome has not been fully determined.

Objective: To investigate the role of early computed tomography coronary angiography in the investigation and treatment of adults presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome.

A day surgery admissions pathway for children and young people with learning disabilities.

Following feedback from parents and carers, a new pathway was developed by staff in the paediatric day surgery unit of a hospital in England for admitting children and young people with learning disabilities, some of whom are autistic. This article describes the All About Me pathway, which supports individualised admission planning and uses an interdisciplinary approach to enable multiple examinations or procedures to be completed under a single anaesthetic. The authors explain how the All About Me team works with families, schools and caregivers to gain a greater understanding of each child and young person.

Implementation of robotic hernia surgery using the Versius® system.

This case series aims to demonstrate that hernia surgery is safe and feasible using the Versius® robotic system from CMR Surgical, and to describe the surgical techniques used. It is the first series published using this novel system. Forty-one consecutive hernia repair cases were completed using Versius®, including inguinal and ventral hernias.

Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19: The PAN-COVID study.

Objective: To assess perinatal outcomes for pregnancies affected by suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: Prospective, web-based registry. Pregnant women were invited to participate if they had suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1st January 2020 and 31st March 2021 to assess the impact of infection on maternal and perinatal outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, pre-term birth and transmission to the infant.