COVID-19 incidence and cardiorespiratory fitness among first-year college students.

Objective: With the emergence of the COVID-19 virus, there was a widespread infection rate among college campuses, creating a need to understand the impact of COVID-19 infection on the health and wellbeing of adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine COVID-19 incidence and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among undergraduate students in the 2 years post-COVID-19 pandemic lock-down.

Participants: Participants ( = 151) included undergraduate college freshmen students during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 academic years.

Overlapping markets and quality competition among community health centers.

Objective: To examine the response of community health center (CHC) quality to quality levels at neighboring CHCs in the presence of non-price competition.

Data Setting And Design: A quasi-experimental study of US community health centers. Outcome variables were indices that measured overall quality of CHC care.

Family rejection, acceptance, support and health among transgender women sex workers living with HIV in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Background: Rejection from parents can lead transgender (trans) youth and young adults to experience poor health outcomes, while parental and sibling acceptance and support can be protective against poor health outcomes. The role of family in adult trans women's lives has been minimally investigated.

Aim: This study aimed to explore experiences of familial rejection, acceptance, and support in the lives of trans women sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.

Exposure to e-cigarette and heated tobacco product advertisements via digital, traditional media, and points-of-sale: An examination of associations with use intentions and perceived risk among adults in Armenia and Georgia.

Introduction: E-cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) marketing often leverages digital media and points-of-sale (POS) and advertises risk reduction, including in Armenia and Georgia where male cigarette use rates are high.

Methods: Using 2022 survey data from Armenian and Georgian adults (n=1468, mean age=42.92 years, 51.

Discovering genotype-phenotype relationships with machine learning and the Visual Physiology Opsin Database (VPOD).

Background: Predicting phenotypes from genetic variation is foundational for fields as diverse as bioengineering and global change biology, highlighting the importance of efficient methods to predict gene functions. Linking genetic changes to phenotypic changes has been a goal of decades of experimental work, especially for some model gene families, including light-sensitive opsin proteins. Opsins can be expressed in vitro to measure light absorption parameters, including λmax-the wavelength of maximum absorbance-which strongly affects organismal phenotypes like color vision.

Mixed Methods Study Protocol: Language Identity, Discrimination, and Mental Health among Multilingual 1.5 Generation Asian/Asian American Immigrant Young Adults.

Language identity, an understudied factor, can influence isolation and discrimination, leading to disparities in well-being and mental health among immigrants. This study aims to investigate the role of language identity on structural racism and discrimination among 1.5 generation Asian/Asian American immigrants in a diverse U.

The opioid industry's use of scientific evidence to advance claims about prescription opioid safety and effectiveness.

It is widely recognized that pharmaceutical marketing contributed to the ongoing US opioid epidemic, but less is understood about how the opioid industry used scientific evidence to generate product demand, shape opioid regulation, and change clinician behavior. In this qualitative study, we characterize select scientific articles used by industry to support safety and effectiveness claims and use a novel database, the Opioid Industry Documents Archive, to determine notable elements of industry and non-industry documents citing the scientific articles to advance each claim. We found that 15 scientific articles were collectively mentioned in 3666 documents supporting 5 common, inaccurate claims: opioids are effective for treatment of chronic, non-cancer pain; opioids are "rarely" addictive; "pseudo-addiction" is due to inadequate pain management; no opioid dose is too high; and screening tools can identify those at risk of developing addiction.

Improving Family-Centered Rounds With a Nursing Checklist in the Electronic Health Care Record.

Objective: Family-centered rounds (FCR) is the standard for pediatric communication, but community pediatric hospital medicine services may face barriers in implementation, including offering FCR to families with a language preference other than English (LOE) versus those with an English preference (EP). The goal of our quality improvement project was to increase FCR from 33% to 80% over 1 year.

Methods: Interventions included an FCR checklist integrated into the electronic healthcare record (EHR-FCR checklist), staff education, visual prompts, and interpreters.

Subclassification of obesity for precision prediction of cardiometabolic diseases.

Obesity and cardiometabolic disease often, but not always, coincide. Distinguishing subpopulations within which cardiometabolic risk diverges from the risk expected for a given body mass index (BMI) may facilitate precision prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Accordingly, we performed unsupervised clustering in four European population-based cohorts (N ≈ 173,000).

The Cross-Sectional Relation of Body Mass Index to Adiposity among 8- to 19-Year-Olds within Several Races and Ethnicities.

Objective: To assess the screening ability of a high body mass index (BMI) for high adiposity among 8- to 19-year-olds.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 6454 National Health and Nutrition Survey participants from 2011 through 2018. Fat and lean mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Exploring the long-term disability outcomes in Trauma patients: study protocol.

Objectives: Trauma registries are essential tools for improving trauma care quality and efficiency, but many fail to capture long-term patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Focusing on these outcomes is crucial for understanding the extent of disability patients experience and identifying potential post-discharge interventions to optimize recovery. Studies reflecting the experience from low- and middle-income countries in this area are limited.

Client and program-level factors associated with planned use of medications for opioid use disorder in specialty substance use treatment programs: Evidence from linked administrative data and survey data.

Background: Most patients in specialty drug treatment programs that are not federally licensed Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) programs do not receive medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Methods: We linked results from a survey of non-OTP treatment program directors in New Jersey (n = 81) to statewide administrative records of admissions for opioid use to those programs between July 2021-June 2022. Using multi-level regression, we examined the association of three types of factors with planned MOUD use: program survey responses, client-level factors, and program-level client characteristic mix.

Online social platform engagement by young treatment seekers in a digital vaping cessation intervention: Effects on confidence in the ability to quit vaping and vaping abstinence.

Background: The evidence-based vaping cessation program, This is Quitting (TIQ), has been found to be effective in promoting abstinence among young people who use e-cigarettes.

Purpose: To estimate acceptability and engagement with Discord among treatment seeking youth and young adults and assess the benefit of adding an online social platform via Discord to TIQ.

Methods: Between February and March 2023, 527 TIQ participants (aged 13-24 years) were invited to join Discord with other TIQ users (TIQ Discord).

Development of an accelerometer age- and sex-specific approach based on population-standardized values for physical activity surveillance: A proof of concept.

Background: A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity (PA) surveillance has been recommended. The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) is problematic as these cut-points are often derived from non-representative samples under non-ecological laboratory conditions. This study aimed to develop age- and sex-specific (age-sex) cut-points for MVPA based on population-standardized values as a feasible approach to assess the adherence to PA guidelines and to investigate its associations with all-cause mortality.

Detection of gastrointestinal pathogens in stool samples using a rapid multiplex PCR test at a large tertiary pediatric hospital.

Acute gastrointestinal infections (AGIs) and diarrheal disease disproportionately impact children. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients who had stool samples tested using the BIOFIRE® FILMARRAY® Gastrointestinal Panel at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio from January 2016 to December 2020. Detection rates were estimated by pathogen.

Who says what to whom through what channel? Formative communication research on antibiotic resistance messaging for urgent care patients.

Objective: To explore the source, message, channel, and receiver effects on patient concern for antibiotic resistance, willingness to reduce antibiotic use, and expectations for an antibiotic prescription in a prepandemic sample.

Methods: We used data reported from a national cross-sectional survey of adults who had visited an urgent care center within the last year. Data were collected from April 4 to April 9, 2017.

Uptake, Acceptability, and Results of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Testing in Community Settings in Cameroon.

Mass gathering event restrictions were part of mitigation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic that were lifted as prevalence decreased and after vaccination rollout. We explored SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic test acceptability and positivity in community settings in Cameroon. In August-October 2022, community workers sensitized and referred individuals for COVID-19 testing to nearby testing points in Douala and Yaoundé.

Obstetrician-Gynecologists' Telehealth Provision at the Beginning, During, and Latter Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

: This study aims to determine how obstetrician-gynecologists provided telehealth from January 2020 to December 2022 in the United States, using de-identified commercial insurance data from FAIR Health. It also explores the trends in telehealth provision by physicians' age, gender, and by state policies on telehealth payment parity. : Aggregated, de-identified data derived from medical claims containing 450,588 physician-quarter observations during 2020 to 2022 were analyzed using descriptive methods to examine the total number of telehealth services to pregnant individuals provided, the number of obstetrician-gynecologists that provided telehealth, and the mean number of telehealth services provided per quarter.

Neonatal mortality among disaggregated Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations.

Objective: We compared neonatal (<28 days) mortality rates (NMRs) across disaggregated Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) groups using recent, national data.

Study Design: We used 2015-2019 cohort-linked birth-infant death records from the National Vital Statistics System. Our sample included 61,703 neonatal deaths among 18,709,743 births across all racial and ethnic groups.

Understanding the mechanisms of change in social norms around tobacco use: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions.

Background And Aims: Tobacco use spreads through social networks influencing social norms around tobacco use. However, the social norms scholarship is extremely diverse and occasionally conflicting, complicating efforts to understand how best to leverage social norms to reduce tobacco use. This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed this vast terrain by focusing on social norms measurement and mechanism, and intervention effectiveness and modality aimed at changing social norms around tobacco use and actual tobacco use.