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Overview of the History of the Cranial Nerves: From Galen to the 21st Century.

Anat Rec (Hoboken)

March 2019

Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Throughout history the description and classification of the cranial nerves has been linked to the development and characteristics of anatomy and the role that it played as a tool in providing rationality to medicine, together with social, cultural, religious, and philosophical factors. Anatomists were interested in the cranial nerves, but they disagreed on their number and their paths. We can divide the history of the cranial nerves into three different periods: the first, early or macroscopic period; the second or microscopic period; and the third period or ontogenesis and genoarchitecture.

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