Edonerpic maleate prevents epileptic seizure during recovery from brain damage by balancing excitatory and inhibitory inputs.

Functional recovery from brain damage, such as stroke, is a plastic process in the brain. The excitatory glutamate -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) plays a crucial role in neuronal functions, and the synaptic trafficking of AMPAR is a fundamental mechanism underlying synaptic plasticity. We recently identified a collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2)-binding compound, edonerpic maleate, which augments rehabilitative training-dependent functional recovery from brain damage by facilitating experience-driven synaptic delivery of AMPARs.

State of the art of CT myocardial perfusion.

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a powerful tool to rule out coronary artery disease (CAD). In the last decade, myocardial perfusion CT (CTP) technique has been developed for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia, thereby increasing positive predictive value for diagnosis of obstructive CAD. A diagnostic strategy combining CCTA and perfusion acquisitions provides both anatomical coronary evaluation and functional evaluation of the stenosis, increasing the specificity and the positive predictive value of cardiac CT.

Evaluation of MAGE-A4 expression in breast cancer and its impact on prognosis.

Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A4, a cancer testis antigen, presents a promising target for chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in refractory solid tumors, including breast cancer (BC). However, the lack of highly specific Abs against MAGE-A4 is a major challenge for the development of MAGE-A4-targeted immunotherapies. This study aimed to validate the specificity of a novel MAGE-A4 Ab (E701U) and examine MAGE-A4 expression in clinical BC samples.

Definition of sinonasal and otological exacerbation in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an expert consensus.

Background: Recurrent infections of the nose, sinuses and ears are common problems for people with primary ciliary dyskinesia. While pulmonary exacerbations in primary ciliary dyskinesia are defined, there is no definition for ear-nose-throat exacerbations, a potential outcome for research and clinical trials.

Methods: We set up an expert panel of 24 ear-nose-throat specialists, respiratory physicians, other healthcare professionals and patients to develop consensus definitions of sinonasal and otological exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia for research settings.

Efficacy of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors in combination with androgen deprivation therapy for castration-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer: a retrospective analysis in a Japanese cohort.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for treating castration-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer in Japanese patients, focusing on the effects on time to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: This retrospective muti-institutional analysis included 332 patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer in Japan between 2018 and 2023. The patients were categorized into two groups: patients receiving ADT combined with ARSI (ARSI group) and those receiving ADT alone or with bicalutamide (ADT group).

Hornerin expressed on endothelial cells via interacting with thrombomodulin modulates vascular inflammation and angiogenesis.

Thrombomodulin is predominantly expressed on vascular endothelial cells and modulates endothelial cell functions by interacting with multiple ligands. The specific thrombomodulin receptor or cofactor active on the endothelial cell surface remains elusive. This study aims to identify interacting partners of thrombomodulin on endothelial cells.

Long-Term Outcome of Treating Periprosthetic Hip Joint Infection with Local Antibiotics Delivered Through Antibiotic-Impregnated Calcium Hydroxyapatite.

: This study explores the long-term clinical outcomes of antibiotic-impregnated calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA) as an antibiotic delivery system in treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total hip arthroplasty (THA). : We conducted a retrospective analysis of 12 patients (13 hips) who were treated with antibiotic-impregnated CHA for PJI after THA and followed for more than 10 years at our institution between 1999 and 2011. The study group comprised six men (seven hips) and six women, with a mean age of 61.

Real-World Outcomes of Different Types of Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema Before and After Approval of Anti-Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor Agents.

: The object of this study was to determine the outcomes of treatments other than anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) before and after the approval of anti-VEGF therapy in Japan. : This was a retrospective study registered in the database of the Survey of Treatment for DME (STREAT-DME). A total of 1683 patients treated from 2010 to 2017 were included.

Enhanced Hypercoagulability Using Clot Waveform Analysis in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Acute Cerebral Infarction.

: Routine activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) measurements do not indicate hypercoagulability in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute cerebral infarction (ACI). : Hypercoagulability in patients with AMI or ACI was evaluated using a clot waveform analysis of the APTT or a small amount of tissue factor activation assay (sTF/FIXa). In the CWA, the derivative peak time (DPT), height (DPH), width (DPW), and area the under the curve (AUC) were evaluated.

New Insights into Kidney Diseases.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a lifestyle-related disease affecting about 9% of the global population as of 2017 [...

Accuracy of leg length changes in total hip arthroplasty using a computed tomography-based augmented reality navigation system.

Introduction: Leg length is an important consideration in total hip arthroplasty (THA) as leg length discrepancies (LLD) after THA cause poor outcomes and medical litigation. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-based navigation with augmented reality (AR) technology for measuring intra-operative leg length change using anteroposterior radiography (two-dimensional, 2D) and CT (three-dimensional, 3D).

Materials And Methods: This study included 71 patients (75 hips) who underwent primary cementless THA in the supine position between June 2022 and November 2023 using the HoloNavi One.

SUrvey of renal Biopsy registry database and Anticancer dRUg therapy in Japan (SUBARU-J study).

Background: Kidney complications associated with anticancer drug therapy have greatly increased recently. We aimed to investigate the real-world clinical outcomes of anticancer drug therapy-associated renal complications in Japan using the national kidney biopsy database, Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR).

Methods: From 2018 to 2021, 449 cases from 49 facilities identified as 'drug-induced' histopathology in the J-RBR were screened, of which a total of 135 were confirmed as anticancer drug-related cases and included in the analysis.

Expansion of the MIRAgel Scleral Buckle With Findings Resembling Necrotizing Scleritis: A Case Report.

MIRAgel is a hydrogel buckle material that was widely used for scleral implantation surgery in the past. However, postoperative complications such as conjunctival hyperemia and impaired eye movements were reported due to postoperative expansion of the MIRAgel buckle. In addition, damage to the sclera due to hydrolysis of the MIRAgel buckle has been reported.

Decoding NY-ESO-1 TCR T cells: transcriptomic insights reveal dual mechanisms of tumor targeting in a melanoma murine xenograft model.

The development of T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-T) targeting intracellular antigens is a promising strategy for treating solid tumors; however, the mechanisms underlying their effectiveness remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed advanced techniques to investigate the functional state of T cells engineered with retroviral vectors to express a TCR specific for the NY-ESO-1 157-165 peptide in the HLA-A*02:01 context. Flow cytometry revealed a predominance of naïve T cells.

Ultra-low-dose coronary computed tomography angiography using photon-counting detector computed tomography.

Aims: Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT), which allows the exclusion of electronic noise, shows promise for significant dose reduction in coronary CT angiography (CCTA). This study aimed to assess the radiation dose and image quality of CCTA using PCD-CT, combined with high-pitch helical scanning and an ultra-low tube potential of 70 kVp, and investigate the effect of a sharp kernel on image quality and stenosis assessment in such an ultra-low-dose CCTA setting.

Methods And Results: Forty patients (65% male) with stable heart rates and no prior coronary interventions were included.

Impact of Nutritional Status and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing-Based Exercise Education on Long-Term Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome - Insights From the Mie ACS Registry.

Background: Exercise training based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) improves outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), while nutritional status is also crucial. This study evaluated CPET implementation and the impacts of clinical parameters, including CPET and nutritional status, on 2-year outcomes in ACS patients.

Methods And Results: Data from 2,621 ACS patients enrolled in the Mie ACS registry were analyzed.

Is Intraoperative Blood Loss Volume in Elderly Cervical Spine Injury Surgery Greater in Patients with Ankylosis? A Multicenter Survey.

Introduction: Preoperative estimations of blood loss are important when planning surgery for cervical spine injuries in older adults. The association between ankylosis and blood loss in perioperative management is of particular interest. This multicenter database review aimed to evaluate the impact of ankylosis on surgical blood loss volume in elderly patients with cervical spine injury.

Inotuzumab ozogamicin for relapse prevention in a boy with Down syndrome and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO), a CD22-directed antibody conjugated to calicheamicin, has demonstrated excellent efficacy in B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It has been used for patients with relapsed or refractory BCP-ALL as a bridge to allo-HCT. Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of BCP-ALL and higher rates of relapse and toxicity, including treatment-related mortality.

Repeated pancreatic juice cytology via endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage catheter combined with clinical findings improves diagnostic ability for malignant cases of suspected pancreatic cancer with non-identifiable tumors.

Background/objectives: The detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) often depends on indirect indicators such as parenchyma atrophy (PPA), main pancreatic duct stenosis, and low echoic areas, particularly when no mass is evident on imaging. While pathological evaluation is the gold standard for differentiating malignant from benign conditions, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy is not always feasible in such cases. Serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE) via endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (NPD) has emerged as an alternative diagnostic method, though its accuracy remains underevaluated.

Consideration of Diagnostic Methods for Cutaneous Larva Migrans in the Sole of an 8-Year-Old Boy.

An 8-year-old boy developed serpiginous erythema on the soles of his feet and was diagnosed with cutaneous larva migrans (CLM). Following treatment with ivermectin, the erythema improved within 7 days, but it recurred 14 days later, requiring a second dose for complete resolution. Ultrasound and MRI did not reveal any parasites, but fluctuations in eosinophils, IgE and IgA levels were observed during treatment.