Research team diversity impacts scientific output in allergy and immunology programs.

Background: This study examined the relationship between the disciplinary diversity of research teams and research output (RO) in allergy and immunology programs funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States, Medical Research Council (MRC) in the United Kingdom, and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

Methods: Using a dataset containing 1243, 3645, and 1468 articles funded by the NIH, MRC, and JSPS, respectively, we analyzed the correlation between disciplinary diversity and RO in allergy and immunology programs that received grants from 2017 to 2021. Diversity was measured using All Science Journal Classification codes counts, Shannon-Wiener index, and newly developed Omnidisciplinary index (o-index).

Utilizing infectious disease surveillance for epidemic warnings of respiratory syncytial virus infections in Japan from 2015 to 2019.

Japan's National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) has implemented a warning system for detecting epidemics in smaller districts, such as public health center (PHC) areas. This system is applied to influenza and pediatric infectious diseases but not to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, whose incorporation is essential for early epidemic detection. We aimed to propose criterion values for the epidemic warning system of RSV infection within PHC areas.

Peach component-specific IgE measurement helps to differentiate between local and systemic reactions in peach-allergic Japanese patients.

Background: Component-resolved diagnostics are used to diagnose food allergies. Currently, reports on sensitization profiles using peach-allergen components in a multicenter setting are lacking. In this study, sensitization profiling of peach allergy was performed to evaluate the clinical utility of each component specific-immunoglobulin E antibody (sIgE ab) test.

Safety and efficacy of viltolarsen treatment in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A retrospective study with 3-year follow-up.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe, progressive muscle wasting. Viltolarsen, a formulation consisting of exon 53-skipping antisense oligonucleotides of the dystrophin gene, has been indicated for some patients with DMD. However, reports describing the efficacy and safety of viltolarsen treatment in patients with DMD, particularly those comparing patients receiving viltolarsen with age- and time-period-matched controls, are limited.

Association of hypoglycemia problem-solving abilities with severe hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes: a Poisson regression analysis.

Background: Severe hypoglycemia (SH) poses a significant challenge in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the factors that offer protection other than diabetes technologies are under-studied. The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between hypoglycemia problem-solving (HPS) abilities and severe hypoglycemic events in adults with T1D using Poisson regression analysis.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 287 adults with T1D (mean age: 50.

The impact of COVID-19 on hay fever treatment in Japan: A retrospective cohort study based on the Japanese claims database.

Background: Hay fever (HF) presents with various symptoms, including allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, and requires cross-organ treatment. This study assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on HF treatment trends.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the JMDC database collected between January 2018 and May 2021.

Changes in urinary output due to concomitant administration of sacubitril/valsartan and atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan is an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) that inhibits the degradation of endogenous natriuretic peptides. Therefore, ARNIs may increase the efficacy of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), a drug for acute heart failure, by mediating its pharmacological mechanism. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of ARNIs on the pharmacological effects of hANP by using surrogate marker, such as urinary output, in patients with heart failure.

[LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY IN PEDIATRIC PERENNIAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS USING LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND IN VIVO BIOMARKERS].

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with house dust mite (HDM) on pediatric perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) based on longitudinal assessment of nasal symptoms, laboratory examination, and in vivo biomarkers.

Method: The subjects included 40 children with perennial AR who had SLIT with HDM for 2 years. Nasal symptoms, medications, skin prick tests, nasal provocation tests, and peripheral blood tests were evaluated before, 6 months, one year and two years after the onset of SLIT.

Two Pediatric Cases of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Caused by Loss-of-Function Variants in Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Gene, .

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a hereditary disease caused by genes related to motile cilia. We report two male pediatric cases of PCD caused by hemizygous pathogenic variants in the OFD1 centriole and centriolar satellite protein () gene. The variants were NM_003611.

[DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CHILDREN WITH FOOD ALLERGY REPORTED BY PARENTS].

Objective: No questionnaire aimed at evaluating the quality of life (QOL) of children with food allergies has been developed in Japan. Therefore, this study was aimed at developing a Japanese version of a QOL questionnaire for children with food allergies to be responded to by their parents.

Methods: A 59-question primary questionnaire was developed for parents of children aged 0 to 15 years who had food allergies.

[STATE-OF-THE-ART OF GLOBAL START-UP INVESTMENT FOR ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2022].

Background: In 2022, the "New Capitalism Grand Design and Implementation Plan" was adopted in Japan, emphasizing the promotion and environmental development of startups. Given this context, an investigation into the startup and investment landscape in the allergy sector, both domestically and internationally, becomes imperative.

Methods: We analyzed 156 allergy-related startups from Japan, the US, and Europe from 2010 to 2021.

Efficacy and safety of dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroids in Japanese pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.

Background: We investigated the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in Japanese patients aged ≥6 months to <18 years old with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis not adequately controlled with existing therapies.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study, patients received dupilumab (n = 30) or placebo (n = 32) with concomitant topical corticosteroids for 16 weeks, then all patients received dupilumab from 16 to 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ≥75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score from baseline (EASI-75) to Week 16.

Practical guide for the diagnosis and management of primary ciliary dyskinesia.

Objective: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a relatively rare genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 20,000 people. Approximately 50 genes are currently known to cause PCD. In light of differences in causative genes and the medical system in Japan compared with other countries, a practical guide was needed for the diagnosis and management of Japanese PCD patients.

[DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PARENT BURDEN OF CHILDREN WITH FOOD ALLERGY].

Objective: Quality of life (QOL) questionnaires for parents of children with food allergies have been developed in the United States and Europe. However, no original Japanese QOL questionnaire has been developed till date. We aimed to develop an original questionnaire to evaluate the QOL in parents of children with food allergies in Japan.

Benralizumab in children with severe eosinophilic asthma: Pharmacokinetics and long-term safety (TATE study).

Background: Benralizumab is an anti-interleukin-5 receptor α monoclonal antibody approved as an add-on maintenance treatment for patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. Prior Phase 3 studies have evaluated benralizumab in patients aged ≥12 years with severe uncontrolled asthma. The TATE study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of benralizumab treatment in children.

Biomarkers in allergen immunotherapy: Focus on eosinophilic inflammation.

Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are 2 of the most common chronic inflammatory disorders and they appear to be on the rise. Current pharmacotherapy effectively controls symptoms but does not alter the underlying pathophysiology. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an evidence-based therapy for asthma and AR and has been recognized as the only therapeutic method that actually modifies the allergic disease process.