Machine Learning Analysis of Factors Influencing Pediatric Telehealth Visits During COVID-19: A State-Level Comparison Using 2021-22 National Survey of Children's Health Data.

: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced in-person pediatric visits in the United States by over 50%, while telehealth visits increased significantly. The national use of telehealth for children and the factors influencing their use have been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the potential factors linked to its use at the state level.

High throughput screening for SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for nearly 7 million deaths worldwide since its outbreak in late 2019. Even with the rapid development and production of vaccines and intensive research, there is still a huge need for specific anti-viral drugs that address the rapidly arising new variants. To address this concern, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) established nine Antiviral Drug Discovery (AViDD) Centers, tasked with exploring approaches to target pathogens with pandemic potential, including SARS-CoV-2.

Pilot randomised controlled trial of a culturally aligned smoking cessation app for American Indian persons.

Objective: To pilot test QuitGuide for Natives, a culturally aligned version of the National Cancer Institute's QuitGuide smartphone app for smoking cessation.

Methods: This randomised controlled trial was conducted remotely during 2022-2023. American Indian adults who smoked and resided in the Midwest (n=115) were randomised to QuitGuide for Natives or the general audience QuitGuide smartphone-based intervention.

Obstructive respiratory disease in U.S. veterans: Prevalence, characteristics, and health burden.

Objective: To examine the psychiatric and physical health burden of obstructive respiratory disease in a nationally representative sample of U.S. Veterans.

Depression and Time to Knee Arthroplasty Among Adults Who Have Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background: Depression is common in osteoarthritis (OA) and is associated with poor outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Depression can increase pain sensitivity and may be related to an increased likelihood of TKA.

Methods: Nationally distributed electronic health record data from 2010 to 2018 were used to identify eligible patients (n = 9,466) who had knee OA and were 45 to 80 years of age.

Sublingual immunotherapy for allergy to shrimp: the nine-year clinical experience of a Midwest Allergy-Immunology practice.

Background: Diet restrictions and fear of adverse reactions put a significant burden on the nutrition, growth and life style of children and adults with food allergies. While various disease-modifying options are pursued, there are so far no published clinical data on immunotherapy for crustaceans. The efficacy and safety of desensitization to crustaceans by means of sublingual immunotherapy is assessed for the first time in this study with a view of validating it as a clinical-practice modality.

Recent and projected incidence trends and risk of anal cancer among people with HIV in North America.

Background: Anal cancer risk is elevated among people with HIV. Recent anal cancer incidence patterns among people with HIV in the United States and Canada remain unclear. It is unknown how the incidence patterns may evolve.

Two Weeks Versus One Week of Maximal Patient-Intensivist Continuity for Adult Medical Intensive Care Patients: A Two-Center Target Trial Emulation.

Objectives: To compare outcomes for 2 weeks vs. 1 week of maximal patient-intensivist continuity in the ICU.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Work-related asthma prevalence among US employed adults.

Background: Work-related asthma (WRA), a preventable occupational disease, can result in adverse health outcomes and employment disability, including decreased productivity, lost workdays, and job loss. Early identification of WRA cases and avoidance of further exposures is crucial for optimal management.

Objective: We estimate WRA prevalence among US workers by selected sociodemographic characteristics, industry, and occupation groups and assess the differences in adverse health outcomes, preventive care, and lost workdays between persons with WRA and those with non-WRA.

Large-scale deep learning analysis to identify adult patients at risk for combined and common variable immunodeficiencies.

Background: Primary immunodeficiency (PI) is a group of heterogeneous disorders resulting from immune system defects. Over 70% of PI is undiagnosed, leading to increased mortality, co-morbidity and healthcare costs. Among PI disorders, combined immunodeficiencies (CID) are characterized by complex immune defects.

The Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19: Molecular Diagnostic Testing (December 2023).

Accurate molecular diagnostic tests are necessary for confirming a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for identifying asymptomatic carriage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of available SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection tests continues to increase as does the COVID-19 diagnostic literature. Thus, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed an evidence-based diagnostic guideline to assist clinicians, clinical laboratorians, patients, and policymakers in decisions related to the optimal use of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests.

Epicutaneous immunotherapy with Viaskin Peanut in toddlers: a plain language summary.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a summary of an article published in about the EPITOPE clinical study, which tested a skin patch called ViaskinTM Peanut 250 μg (micrograms) as a treatment option for peanut allergy in children aged 1 through 3 years. The patch is a form of epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT), which is a new approach to allergen immunotherapy that delivers a small amount of peanut protein to the immune system through the skin. Viaskin Peanut is an investigational therapy, meaning it has not yet been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), that has been studied before in young children aged 4 through 11 years.

A phase 2 open-label extension study of prekallikrein inhibition with donidalorsen for hereditary angioedema.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially fatal disease characterized by unpredictable, recurrent, often disabling swelling attacks. In a randomized phase 2 study, donidalorsen reduced HAE attack frequency and improved patient quality-of-life (ISIS721744-CS2, NCT04030598). We report the 2-year interim analysis of the phase 2 open-label extension (OLE) study (ISIS 721744-CS3, NCT04307381).

Long-Term, Self-Dosing CBD Users: Indications, Dosage, and Self-Perceptions on General Health/Symptoms and Drug Use.

Introduction: Self-dosing of off-the-shelf cannabidiol (CBD) for a myriad of health conditions is common in the USA. These CBD products are often mislabeled, suggesting that much less or much more CBD is being consumed than indicated on the label. This study examined the relationship between long-term self-dosing of CBD and (a) indications and, when a verified concentration of CBD is being consumed, (b) the daily CBD dosage, (c) the impact on general health and symptoms, and (d) over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) drug usage.

Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease.

Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens.

Hypersensitive response to interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)-inducing double-stranded RNA in American bullfrog tadpole fibroblasts.

American bullfrogs are thought to be carriers of ranaviruses and contribute to their global spread via trade. Bullfrog tadpoles succumb to ranaviral infection's more severe and deadly effects than bullfrog adults. Presently, little is known about bullfrog tadpoles' innate antiviral immunity, possible due to the lack of available bullfrog tadpole cell lines.

Retrospective evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis in dogs (2003-2014): 86 cases.

Objective: To characterize anaphylactic reactions in dogs, including clinical signs, severity, treatments, prognosis, and estimated incidence. To determine whether glucocorticoids influence clinical recovery and survival.

Design: Retrospective study between January 1, 2003 and April 28, 2014.

A 2-Year-Old Child with Alazami Syndrome with Newly Reported Findings of Immune Deficiency, Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia, and Stroke; Broadening the Phenotype of Alazami.

Alazami syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder due to loss-of-function variants in the La ribonucleoprotein 7 gene. Children with Alazami syndrome are most often affected by a combination of primordial dwarfism, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features. Previous cases have been primarily found in consanguineous families from the Middle East, Asia, and North Africa.

The multifactorial impact of receiving a hereditary angioedema diagnosis.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, chronic, debilitating genetic disorder characterized by recurrent, unpredictable, and potentially life-threatening episodes of swelling that typically affect the extremities, face, abdomen, genitals, and larynx. The most frequent cause of HAE is a mutation in the () gene, which either leads to deficient plasma levels of the C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) protein (type I HAE-C1-INH) or normal plasma levels of dysfunctional C1-INH protein (type II HAE-C1-INH). Mutations in are known to be associated with dysregulation of the kallikrein-bradykinin cascade leading to enhancement of bradykinin production and increased vascular permeability.

Rhinologist Use of Antibiotics With Nasal Packing for Epistaxis.

Background: There is limited evidence supporting the usage of prophylactic antibiotics in the setting of nasal packing for epistaxis. It is unclear what current antiobiotic usage patterns are by otolaryngologists.

Objectives: Characterize the antibiotic prescribing practices employed by otolaryngologists in the management of epistaxis patients treated with packing as well as the underlying rationale.