Characterisation of sRNAs enriched in outer membrane vesicles of pathogenic causing Bacterial Cold Water Disease in rainbow trout.

() causes Bacterial Cold Water Disease in salmonids. During host-pathogen interactions, gram-negative bacteria, such as , release external membrane vesicles (OMVs) harbouring cargos, such as DNA, RNA and virulence factors. This study aimed to characterise the potential role of the OMVs' small RNAs (sRNAs) in the -rainbow trout host-pathogen interactions.

Christian Student Experiences During Peer Interactions in Undergraduate Biology Courses.

The tension between religion and science as a long-standing barrier to science education has led researchers to explore ways of improving the experiences of Christian students in biology who can experience their Christianity as stigmatized in academic biology environments. As undergraduate science classes become student-centered, interactions among students increase, and Christians may feel a need to conceal their religious identities during peer discussions. In this interview study, we used the social psychology framework of concealable stigmatized identities to explore 30 Christian students' experiences during peer interactions in undergraduate biology courses to find potential ways to improve those experiences.

Hydrogen sulfide sensing using an aurone-based fluorescent probe.

Hydrogen sulfide detection and sensing is an area of interest from both an environmental and a biological perspective. While many methods are currently available, the most sensitive and biologically applicable ones are fluorescence based. In general, these fluorescent probes are based upon large, high-molecular weight, well-characterized fluorescent scaffolds that are synthetically demanding to prepare and difficult to tune and modify.

Host population genetics and biogeography structure the microbiome of the sponge .

Sponges occur across diverse marine biomes and host internal microbial communities that can provide critical ecological functions. While strong patterns of host specificity have been observed consistently in sponge microbiomes, the precise ecological relationships between hosts and their symbiotic microbial communities remain to be fully delineated. In the current study, we investigate the relative roles of host population genetics and biogeography in structuring the microbial communities hosted by the excavating sponge .

Microbial biocatalysis of quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside in and their contribution to improved anti-inflammatory activity.

(glasswort) is a traditional Asian medicinal plant which exhibits multiple nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. Quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside are the major flavonoid glycosides found in . Multiple researchers have shown that flavonoid glycosides can be structurally transformed into minor aglycone molecules, which play a significant role in exerting physiological responses .

evaluation of the anti-obesity effects of combinations of pigment derivatives.

The prevention and treatment of obesity using naturally derived compounds is desirable in terms of marketing and safety in the nutraceutical and functional food markets. One of the noticeable effects of pigment derivatives is the inhibition/deactivation of lipid metabolism. Our earlier studies reported that threonine (Thr), tryptophan (Trp), and 2-(-tolyl)-ethylamine (TEA) derivatives of pigment showed cholesterol-lowering, lipase-inhibitory, and adipogenic differentiation-inhibitory activities, respectively.

The ability of salts to stabilize proteins or intracellularly correlates with the Hofmeister series of ions.

Numerous studies have been conducted on the ability of salts to stabilize proteins using purified proteins demonstrating the fact that the ability of salts to stabilize proteins correlates with the Hofmeister series of ions. Using the well characterized bacterial aqueous cytosolic β-galactosidase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase enzymes, we demonstrated that salts can stabilize proteins or intracellularly as well and that the ability of salts to stabilize these two proteins intracellularly also correlates with the Hofmeister series of ions. NaSO and NaHPO were very effective at stabilizing both proteins, followed by NaCl, NHCl and (NH)HPO, while NHCHCO, (NH)SO and NaCHCO did not stabilize either of the proteins.

Short-term, low-level nitrogen deposition dampens a trophic cascade between bears and plants.

Human activities have substantially increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in ecosystems worldwide, often leading to higher plant quality for herbivores and greater herbivory. Predators frequently suppress herbivores and indirectly benefit plants via "trophic cascades", and the strength of these interactions can also depend on N availability. However, the evidence for N deposition effects on cascades primarily comes from studies of high-level N deposition.

Digitization protocol for scoring reproductive phenology from herbarium specimens of seed plants.

Premise Of The Study: Herbarium specimens provide a robust record of historical plant phenology (the timing of seasonal events such as flowering or fruiting). However, the difficulty of aggregating phenological data from specimens arises from a lack of standardized scoring methods and definitions for phenological states across the collections community.

Methods And Results: To address this problem, we report on a consensus reached by an iDigBio working group of curators, researchers, and data standards experts regarding an efficient scoring protocol and a data-sharing protocol for reproductive traits available from herbarium specimens of seed plants.

Substantially enhanced rate capability of lithium storage in NaTiO with self-doping and carbon-coating.

NaTiO (NTO) has recently been reported for lithium ion storage and showed very promising results. In this work, we report substantially enhanced rate capability in NTO nanowires by Ti(iii) self-doping and carbon-coating. Ti(iii) doping and carbon coating were found to work in synergy to increase the electrochemical performances of the material.

Quantified reproductive isolation in butterflies: Implications for introgression and hybrid speciation.

butterflies have become a model for the study of speciation with gene flow. For adaptive introgression to take place, there must be incomplete barriers to gene exchange that allow interspecific hybridization and multiple generations of backcrossing. The recent publication of estimates of individual components of reproductive isolation between several species of butterflies in the - clade allowed us to calculate total reproductive isolation estimates for these species.

Electrochemical Detection of Acetaminophen with Silicon Nanowires.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic, analgesic agent, the overdose of which during medical treatment poses a risk for liver failure. Hence, it is important to develop methods to monitor physiological APAP levels to avoid APAP. Here, we report an efficient, selective electrochemical APAP sensor made from depositing silicon nanowires (SiNWs) onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs).

The Affordable Care Act's Day(s) in Court.

This article reviews the primary avenues of judicial challenge to the ACA, focusing on those that have reached, or have the potential to reach, the Supreme Court. The review demonstrates how deep-seated public policy opposition can be expressed through litigation.

Assessing the accuracy of self-reported self-talk.

As with most kinds of inner experience, it is difficult to assess actual self-talk frequency beyond self-reports, given the often hidden and subjective nature of the phenomenon. The Self-Talk Scale (STS; Brinthaupt et al., 2009) is a self-report measure of self-talk frequency that has been shown to possess acceptable reliability and validity.

Characterization of the rainbow trout spleen transcriptome and identification of immune-related genes.

Resistance against diseases affects profitability of rainbow trout. Limited information is available about functions and mechanisms of teleost immune pathways. Immunogenomics provides powerful tools to determine disease resistance genes/gene pathways and develop genetic markers for genomic selection.

Effect of sexual maturation on muscle gene expression of rainbow trout: RNA-Seq approach.

Muscle degradation occurs as a response to various physiological states that are regulated by specific molecular mechanisms. Previously, we characterized the metabolic changes of muscle deterioration of the female rainbow trout at full sexual maturity and spawning (Salem et al., Physiol.

Outstanding memories: the positive and negative effects of nudes on memory.

A picture of a nude isolated in a series of pictures of clothed models was quite memorable, but when compared with a clothed picture, the nude impaired memory for background picture derails as well as pictures immediately following the nude (anterograde amnesia). Recall of details given picture-gist recall, as well as recognition of person details, were equivalent in the clothed and nude conditions. A clothed picture isolated in a series of nudes did not hurt memory for background information, nor did it produce anterograde amnesia.