Hemolysis During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Associations With Circuitry, Complications, and Mortality.

Objectives: To describe factors associated with hemolysis during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the relationships between hemolysis, complications, and mortality.

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected prospectively by the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network between December 2012 and September 2014.

Setting: Three Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network-affiliated hospitals.

Prospective feasibility and safety assessment of surgical biopsy for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

Background: Diagnosis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) has relied on imaging studies, since the appearance is pathognomonic, and surgical risk was felt to be high and unlikely to affect therapy. The DIPG Biology and Treatment Study (DIPG-BATS) reported here incorporated a surgical biopsy at presentation and stratified subjects to receive FDA-approved agents chosen on the basis of specific biologic targets.

Methods: Subjects were eligible for the trial if the clinical features and imaging appearance of a newly diagnosed tumor were consistent with a DIPG.

Acquired infection during neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Introduction: Our objectives are to (1) describe the pathogens, site, timing and risk factors for acquired infection during neonatal and pediatric ECMO and (2) explore the association between acquired infection and mortality.

Methods: Secondary analysis of prospective data collected by the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network between December 2012 and September 2014. Clinical factors associated with acquired infection were assessed with multivariable Cox regression.

RBC Transfusion Practice in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support.

Objectives: To determine RBC transfusion practice and relationships between RBC transfusion volume and mortality in infants and children treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design: Secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study.

Setting: Eight pediatric institutions within the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.

Hyperoxia and Hypocapnia During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Associations With Complications, Mortality, and Functional Status Among Survivors.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of hyperoxia and hypocapnia during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and their relationships to complications, mortality, and functional status among survivors.

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected prospectively by the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.

Setting: Eight Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network-affiliated hospitals.

Is therapeutic hypothermia during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation associated with intracranial hemorrhage?

Introduction: The use of therapeutic hypothermia during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a neurologic protective strategy has gained interest among clinicians despite limited data. Our objective is to describe the relationship between the use of therapeutic hypothermia during neonatal ECMO and complications, mortality and functional status among survivors.

Methods: Secondary analysis of data collected by the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network between December 2012 and September 2014.

Excess mortality among 10-year survivors of classical Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and young adults.

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) surviving classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) risk long term fatal treatment-related toxicities. We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program to compare excess mortality rate (EMR-observed minus expected mortality) for 10-year survivors of AYA cHL diagnosed in 1973-1992 and 1993-2003 eras. The 15-year EMR reduced from 4.

Randomised controlled trial of (LGG) versus placebo in children presenting to the emergency department with acute gastroenteritis: the PECARN probiotic study protocol.

Introduction: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common and burdensome condition that affects millions of children worldwide each year. Currently available strategies are limited to symptomatic management, treatment and prevention of dehydration and infection control; no disease-modifying interventions exist. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms beneficial to the host, have shown promise in improving AGE outcomes, but existing studies have sufficient limitations such that the use of probiotics cannot currently be recommended with confidence.

Functional Status of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objectives: To describe functional status at hospital discharge for neonatal and pediatric patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and identify factors associated with functional status and mortality.

Design: Secondary analysis of observational data collected by the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network between December 2012 and September 2014.

Setting: Eight hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Introduction: Pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) may develop refractory respiratory or cardiac failure that warrants consideration for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The purposes of this study were to describe the use and outcomes of ECMO in pediatric HLH patients, to identify risk factors for hospital mortality and to compare their ECMO use and outcomes to the ECMO population as a whole.

Methods: Pediatric patients (⩽ 18 years) with a diagnosis of HLH in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry were included.

Pharmacologic Treatment of Pediatric Hypertension.

Prevalence of hypertension is increasing in children and adolescents. Uncontrolled hypertension in children not only causes end organ damage but also increases the risk of adult hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trials have proven efficacy of antihypertensive medications in children.

FAT1 mutations cause a glomerulotubular nephropathy.

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) causes 15% of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we show that recessive mutations in FAT1 cause a distinct renal disease entity in four families with a combination of SRNS, tubular ectasia, haematuria and facultative neurological involvement. Loss of FAT1 results in decreased cell adhesion and migration in fibroblasts and podocytes and the decreased migration is partially reversed by a RAC1/CDC42 activator.

Ictal motor sequences: Lateralization and localization values.

Objective: To determine the lateralization and localization values of ictal motor sequences in the setting of focal epilepsy ending with a secondarily generalized motor seizure.

Methods: Retrospectively, the ictal motor sequences were analyzed in patients with focal epilepsy ending with a secondarily generalized motor seizure by three readers blinded to all clinical and electrographic data. One representative seizure per patient was selected.

Correlates of resilience in the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury.

Purpose/objective: To examine resilience in the context of adjustment to traumatic brain injury (TBI), including the relative roles of demographic and theoretically related constructs such as coping, social support, and positive affectivity on resilience within the first 5 years postinjury.

Research Method/design: This was a cross-sectional, observational study of 67 persons with medically documented mild complicated to severe TBI. Participants completed a battery of measures including cognitive tests; questionnaires assessing self-report of emotional symptoms, perceived social support, and coping style; and a measure of resilience.

Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of the Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor Veliparib (ABT-888) in Combination with Irinotecan in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: PARP is essential for recognition and repair of DNA damage. In preclinical models, PARP inhibitors modulate topoisomerase I inhibitor-mediated DNA damage. This phase I study determined the MTD, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of veliparib, an orally bioavailable PARP1/2 inhibitor, in combination with irinotecan.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella infection in children: relation to bacteremia, age, and infecting serotype.

Background: Salmonella gastroenteritis, usually self- limited, can result in bacteremia and focal disease. This study was undertaken to determine the role of age and infecting Salmonella serotype on the risk of bacteremia in children.

Methods: This was a review of medical records of children with positive nontyphoidal Salmonella cultures seen in an urban setting at the Children's Hospital of Michigan in Detroit between July 1993 and December 2007.

SNAPPE II Score As a Predictor of Survival in Neonates with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Single Center Experience.

Introduction Prediction of mortality and morbidity in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is too complex for practical use and may not be accurate. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the CDH Study Group equation and Score of Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE) II score to predict short-term outcomes of newborns with CDH. Materials and Methods Fifty-two neonates were admitted with CDH at Children's Hospital of Michigan from November 2001 to July 2009.

Burden of HIV-Related Neuropathic Pain in the United States.

Background: HIV-related neuropathic pain (HIV-NeP) is common; however, the burden of HIV-NeP is not well-understood.

Methods: The cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the HIV-NeP burden. A total of 103 patients with HIV-NeP recruited during routine office visits completed a questionnaire to assess patient-reported outcomes, including pain severity, health status, sleep, mood, and lost productivity.

Prevalence and risk factors for upper airway obstruction after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for extrathoracic upper-airway obstruction after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed on 213 patients younger than 18 years of age who recovered from cardiac surgery in our multidisciplinary intensive care unit in 2012. Clinically significant upper-airway obstruction was defined as postextubation stridor with at least one of the following: receiving more than 2 corticosteroid doses, receiving helium-oxygen therapy, or reintubation.