Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Counseling on Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Weight: A Secondary Analysis of the BP-CATCH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pediatric obesity and hypertension are highly correlated. To mitigate both conditions, provision of counseling on nutrition, lifestyle, and weight to children with high blood pressure (BP) measurements is recommended.

Objective: To examine racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of nutrition, lifestyle, and weight counseling among patients with high BP at pediatric primary care visits stratified by patients' weight status.

Health Care Resource Use and Costs After Hospitalization With Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Children.

Importance: Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a leading cause of in-hospital child mortality. For survivors, posthospitalization health care resource use and costs are unknown.

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal health care resource use and costs after hospitalization with MOD in infants (aged <1 year) and children (aged 1-18 years).

Cervical Cancer Screening in Women With Physical Disabilities.

Importance: Cervical cancer screening is a crucial public health intervention, but screening disparities exist for women with physical disabilities (WWPD).

Objective: To explore the experiences of WWPD with both traditional speculum examination-based screening and at-home self-sampling for cervical cancer screening.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This qualitative study enrolled 56 WWPD to test self-sampling kits, provide feedback via a survey, and participate in a qualitative interview.

Multi-diagnostic chest-worn patch to detect obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac arrhythmias.

Study Objectives: Evaluate the performance of the SANSA device to simultaneously assess obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiac arrhythmias.

Methods: Participants suspected or known to have OSA underwent polysomnography (PSG) while wearing SANSA. SANSA's algorithm was trained using 86 records and tested on 67 to evaluate training bias.

Refractory Psychosis as a Red Flag for End of Life in Individuals With Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Case Series and Re-analysis of Prior Qualitative Data.

Objectives: Many individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) die of disease-related complications, but predicting the end of life can be challenging. We identified a phenotype associated with approaching end of life.

Methods: We present 4 exemplar cases where individuals with DLB experienced refractory psychosis before death.

PP2A Attenuates Thoracic Aneurysm and Dissection in Mouse Models of Marfan Syndrome.

Background: Recent studies show that hyperactivation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling plays a causal role in the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Modulation of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) activity has been shown to be of significant therapeutic value. In light of the effects that PP2A can exert on the mTOR pathway, we hypothesized that PP2A activation by small-molecule activators of PP2A could mitigate AA progression in Marfan syndrome (MFS).

Noncoding variants and sulcal patterns in congenital heart disease: Machine learning to predict functional impact.

Neurodevelopmental impairments associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) may arise from perturbations in brain developmental pathways, including the formation of sulcal patterns. While genetic factors contribute to sulcal features, the association of noncoding variants (ncDNVs) with sulcal patterns in people with CHD remains poorly understood. Leveraging deep learning models, we examined the predicted impact of ncDNVs on gene regulatory signals.

Treatment decision regret after precision prostatectomy: An analysis of patient-reported outcomes predicting decision regret.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess postoperative decision regret (DR) after precision prostatectomy (PP), a novel subtotal surgical technique for prostate cancer (PCa) that involves the preservation of the unilateral capsule and seminal vesicle, and to identify factors predictive of DR after PP.

Materials And Methods: After a shared decision-making process, 128 patients underwent PP for the treatment of localised PCa. Given the subtotal nature of the surgery, patients were informed about the possibility of a detectable prostate-specific antigen and secondary treatment.

Oxylipin dynamics in dairy cows during clinical ketosis and after treatment with niacin and flunixin meglumine.

Dairy cows with clinical ketosis (CK) exhibit metabolic changes, including intense adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis and systemic insulin resistance, that increase plasma BHB and free fatty acids (FFA). Cows with CK also have systemic inflammation, predisposing them to inflammatory and infectious diseases. This inflammatory process is modulated in part by oxidized fatty acids (oxylipins) that regulate all aspects of inflammation.

Second-line treatment patterns and outcomes in advanced HCC after progression on atezolizumab/bevacizumab.

Background & Aims: Atezolizumab/bevacizumab (A/B) is now a standard first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the optimal second-line regimen is not known. We evaluated real-world treatment patterns and outcomes to investigate factors associated with post-progression survival (PPS).

Methods: In this multicenter, international, retrospective study, we examined clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced HCC who progressed on first-line A/B.

Management of hip fracture patients on direct oral anticoagulants: a survey of orthopaedic trauma surgeons, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review examined the literature regarding management of fracture patients who take direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) medications, with a focus on delay in surgical treatment, and need for transfusions. In addition, a survey of orthopaedic trauma surgeons was conducted to gain insight on current practices.

Data Sources: A review of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases was performed from inception through March 2024, including English language publications.

A rare case of double pituitary prolactinomas: the diagnostic application of intraoperative ultrasonography and DNA methylation markers.

The aim of this study is to describe the management and evolution of a patient with the rare condition of double lactotroph tumors and assess the role of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) for their detection and methylation-based liquid biopsy for their diagnosis and monitoring. A 29-year-old woman diagnosed with double lactotroph tumors through hormonal and MRI workup underwent surgical resection due to cabergoline intolerance. To detect a tumor missing through visual inspection, IOUS was performed.

Lack of effect of renal function on uptake of 99mTc-sestamibi in renal masses.

Objective: The appropriate clinical management of indeterminate small renal masses can be improved based on accurate risk stratification. This study aimed to investigate the impact of renal function on the uptake of technetium-99m (99mTc)-sestamibi, a widely available imaging agent that can be utilized to identify oncocytomas and other benign/indolent renal masses.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 100 consecutive patients who underwent 99mTc-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography.

Practical management of adverse events in patients receiving tarlatamab, a delta-like ligand 3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy, for previously treated small cell lung cancer.

Tarlatamab is a bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) molecule. In the phase 2 DeLLphi-301 trial of tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer, tarlatamab 10 mg every 2 weeks achieved durable responses and encouraging survival outcomes. Analyses of updated safety data from the DeLLphi-301 trial demonstrated that the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were cytokine release syndrome (53%), pyrexia (38%), decreased appetite (36%), dysgeusia (32%), and an emia (30%).

Use of Antihyperglycemic Medications Among US People with Limited English Proficiency.

Background: Language barriers can impact pharmaceutical disease management leading to potential health disparities among limited English proficiency (LEP) people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the United States (US).

Objective: To assess the use of antihyperglycemic medications and estimate their impact on glycemic control by LEP status.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Assessment of Opuntia ficus-indica supplementation on enhancing antioxidant levels.

Opuntia ficus-indica (OFi) is a major fruit source prevalent in semiarid and arid regions across various countries worldwide. It is widely recognised for its potential health benefits; however, most studies investigating its effects have been limited to pre-clinical models, highlighting the need for further validation through clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of OFi supplementation in enhancing antioxidant levels.

Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015-2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN).

Influenza causes 100,000-710,000 hospitalizations annually in the U.S. Patients with liver disease are at higher risk of severe outcomes following influenza infection.

Pinpointing the timing of prenatal stress associated with infant biobehavioral reactivity.

Prenatal stress has a well-established link to negative biobehavioral outcomes in young children, particularly for girls, but the specific timing during gestation of these associations remains unknown. In the current study, we examined differential effects of timing of prenatal stress on two infant biobehavioral outcomes [i.e.

Racial disparities in extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after hysterectomy.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant preventable cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality after major abdominopelvic surgery that calls for extended VTE prophylaxis (eVTEp). Literature suggests that significant racial disparities may exist in post-operative care.

Objective: The study sought to examine if racial disparities exist in the administration of eVTEp after hysterectomy in a statewide collaborative.

The prevalence of postpartum depression among women with physical disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Pregnant and postpartum mothers with physical disabilities face discrimination in healthcare settings and high rates of maternal and obstetric complications, as well as having higher rates of lifetime depression prior to pregnancy, potentially increasing their likelihood of experiencing postpartum depression (PPD). Some studies have found higher rates of PPD in mothers with physical disabilities than in mothers without physical disabilities, with more disabling symptoms associated with worse PPD systems; however, the literature is sparse and heterogenous. This systematic review and meta-analysis advanced this area of study by evaluating the strength of the association between PPD and physical disability.

Restoring ceftolozane susceptibility: a role for diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitors?

Paired baseline and post-exposure isolates from 34 patients who developed ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL-TAZ) resistance following treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections were analyzed to determine if ceftolozane with an alternative β-lactamase inhibitor could restore susceptibility. The median baseline TOL-TAZ MIC was 2 mg/L; 88% of post-exposure isolates harbored new mutations. Median MIC fold-increase from baseline was 32-, 24-, 16-, and 6-fold for ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftolozane-avibactam (AVI), ceftolozane-relebactam (REL), and ceftolozane-durlobactam (DUR), respectively.