Drug Development.

Background: Availability of amyloid modifying therapies will dramatically increase the need for disclosure of Alzheimer's disease (AD) related genetic and/or biomarker test results. The 21st Century Cares Act requires the immediate return of most medical test results, including AD biomarkers. A shortage of genetic counselors and dementia specialists already exists, thus driving the need for scalable methods to responsibly communicate test results.

Drug Development.

Background: Prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials of candidate treatments enroll individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and biomarker evidence of AD. These trials require co-enrollment with a study partner and complex decision-making, weighing potential risks and benefits of participation. Some patients with MCI lack capacity to provide trial informed consent.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Approaches to caregiving interventions are often "one-size-fits-all", yet family caregivers for individuals with dementia have unique caregiving styles with which they enact daily care. Mixed-methods work by this team identified 5 distinct caregiving style profiles that vary in: orientation toward oneself or the care partner, adaptability, understanding of dementia, emotional expression, and behavioral management. This study seeks to develop a person-centered assessment of caregiving style such that interventions and services can be targeted to caregivers' unique styles of care.

Outcomes of Immunotherapy Treatment in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma.

Background: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma has poor survival despite multimodality treatment. While the impact of immunotherapy (IT) on metastatic cutaneous melanoma is well-defined, there are relatively little data on sinonasal mucosal melanoma.

Objective: We sought to define immunotherapy outcomes in patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Studies link nature exposure to better cognitive health outcomes. However, little is known about which types or 'how much' of nature is needed for health benefits. Studies often lack diverse aging populations and have small sample sizes.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: In Zambia, dementia prevalence is unknown due to limited community awareness and a lack of providers skilled in recognizing and diagnosing this disease. Community healthcare workers (CHWs) are widely utilized across sub-Saharan Africa to improve health care access, particularly HIV services. CHWs may be an untapped resource to raise awareness, screen for dementia, and support dementia care in the community.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Despite an increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among Black older adults, large disparities remain in early diagnosis, treatment, and support service referral. Further, services intended to support family caregivers are typically designed around older adult spousal caregivers with little consideration to the wide diversity of families affected by dementia. This qualitative descriptive study examined the caregiving experiences of Black relatives of persons with dementia with the aim of informing the development of more culturally responsive support programming.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Examination of family caregiving and the stress process has focused on a "primary" caregiver (e.g., spouse, adult child) at the exclusion of other members of the caregiving network.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT-4 in clinical settings offers potential enhancements in medical practice, particularly in neurology and dementia care. There is rising public usage of ChatGPT-4 for preliminary information gathering. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4 in responding to neurology-focused queries, with an emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Caregiving, both cross-sectional and longitudinal, is often considered a stressful experience. Less is known about the effect of the caregiving experience or the associated stress on cognitive functioning of the care provider.

Method: Data are drawn from the Social Relations Study (SRS) and the Detroit Area Wellness Network (DAWN) Studies.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Marital status is an important but often overlooked sociodemographic factor that could shape cognitive health in late adulthood. Being married is shown to be linked to lower risk of dementia, but less is understood about underlying mechanisms contributing to this relationship, such as brain reserve (BR) and cognitive reserve (CR). Further, less is known about how living arrangement, independent of marital status, is associated with late-life cognition.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Video interfacing is increasingly being used in research and health care. The 'VCog' Study seeks to determine whether remote research cognitive assessments are reliable and valid by directly comparing results from in-person administration of a standardized cognitive battery to the same battery administered remotely by video. The study also assesses technology use and comfort amongst participants of varying levels of cognitive impairment.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Care partners (CPs) of people with dementia suffer from chronic stress impacting their mental and physical health. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms in CPs. Mindfulness-Based Dementia Care (MBDC) is an adaptation of MBSR tailored to CPs.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Confabulation, the fabrication of details with short lucid intervals, hinders the diagnosis of Alzheimer's and other dementias. This case report explores the complexities of diagnosing and managing Alzheimer's dementia in a culturally diverse patient exhibiting fluctuating memory and confabulation, emphasizing challenges heightened by cultural and linguistic factors.

Case: An 84-year-old African descent man resided with his family in the United States, independent in his basic daily activities but struggling with instrumental tasks due to memory impairment.

Dementia Care Practice.

Introduction: Evaluation of functional dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) is necessary for dementia diagnosis. ADL and iADL questionnaires are typically employed, but with progressive cognitive impairment, a care partner must step in to assist with these tests, causing logistical burdens. Pre-screening tools that triage patients in need of formal functional assessment would optimize clinical workflows.

Dementia Care Practice.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and its associated care pose unique challenges, particularly within minority groups such as Muslim women. This population may face higher rates of ADRD alongside barriers to accessing culturally sensitive care. This abstract emphasizes the crucial role of understanding and integrating Islamic cultural and religious practices into ADRD care.

Assessment of Atrial Size, Shape, and Contractility in Growth-Restricted and Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetuses.

Objectives: The size, shape, and contractility of the heart's atrial chambers have not been evaluated in fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) or who are small-for-gestational-age (SGA) as defined by the Delphi consensus protocol. This study aimed to examine the atrial chambers using speckle tracking analysis to identify any changes that may be specific for either growth disturbance.

Methods: Sixty-three fetuses were evaluated with an estimated fetal weight <10th percentile who were classified as FGR or SGA based on the Delphi consensus protocol.

Simultaneous Concentration and T Mapping of Brain Metabolites by Fast Multi-Echo Spectroscopic Imaging.

The purpose of this study was to produce metabolite-specific T and concentration maps in a clinically compatible time frame. A multi-TE 2D MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) experiment (multi-echo single-shot MRSI [MESS-MRSI]) deployed truncated and partially sampled multi-echo trains from single scans and was combined with simultaneous multiparametric model fitting. It was tested in vivo for the brain in five healthy subjects.

Dementia Care Practice.

This qualitative study highlights the challenges faced by Black family caregivers who provide personal care to dementia patients without remuneration or training. Caring for a person with dementia can be stressful and negatively impact the caregiver's health. Black family caregivers are particularly vulnerable to stress-related mental health issues.

Dementia Care Practice.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common and costly neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Early studies of helmet-based 40 Hz light therapy have demonstrated safety and early efficacy in targeting the pathophysiologic characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. This intervention has shown slowing and even reversal of disease progression.

Dementia Care Practice.

Introduction: Compelling evidence from longitudinal trials demonstrates that adopting certain lifestyles, especially in midlife to early late life, can reduce the risk of dementia, reduce the severity of the associated disability, and decrease progression to dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment by as much as 40%. The Life and Health Questionnaire (LHQ) is a 32-item questionnaire - written at a 6th-grade reading level - that captures information related to potentially modifiable lifestyle and psychosocial risk factors, and protective factors for cognitive decline and dementia. The objective of this study was to gain insights into the feasibility of the LHQ in primary care settings by evaluating the influence of cognition, age, and education on the LHQ completion times.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Early identification and accurate assessment of MCI are critical for clinical trial enrichment as well as the early intervention of AD. Digital makers offered a unique opportunity for ecologically valid and affordable early detection approaches.

Research Agenda for Entrustable Professional Activities Among US Surgical Specialties.

The magnitude of advances in surgical care inspires awe consistent with the impact of these developments on patients' lives. With this comes greater knowledge, new practices, and novel technologies for integration into residency training, making the skillset required of today's residents quite different from those in the past. Competency-based medical education and learner-centered approaches offer innovative and studied methodologies for teaching, learning, and assessment to meet the demands of today's educational environment.

Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Dangerous Liaison.

The field of cardio-oncology has traditionally focused on the impact of cancer and its therapies on cardiovascular health. Mounting clinical and preclinical evidence, however, indicates that the reverse may also be true: cardiovascular disease can itself influence tumor growth and metastasis. Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease have an increased incidence of cancer.

"Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty Using Robotic Peritoneal Flap Method: Long Term Outcomes of 500 Cases".

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of robotic peritoneal flap vaginoplasty.

Background: There is a lack of long-term outcomes data for gender-affirming vaginoplasty to inform patient decision-making.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 500 consecutive patients undergoing robotic peritoneal flap vaginoplasty from 2017-2023 were reviewed.