First pass effect in patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: subgroup analysis of the prospective international ASSIST registry.

Background: Studies have described a first pass effect (FPE) where patients with successful recanalization after one pass experience better outcomes. Few studies have evaluated this in patients with large core infarctions.

Objective: To determine whether patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in which first pass reperfusion is achieved experience improved outcomes compared with those who undergo more than one pass.

Cross-feeding of amino acid pathway intermediates is common in co-cultures of auxotrophic Escherichia coli.

Amino acid auxotrophy refers to an organism's inability to synthesize one or more amino acids that are required for cell growth. In microbiome research, co-cultures of amino acid auxotrophs are often used to investigate metabolite cross-feeding interactions and model community dynamics. Thus far, it has been implicitly assumed that amino acids are mainly cross-fed between these auxotrophs.

Inferring metabolic objectives and trade-offs in single cells during embryogenesis.

While proliferating cells optimize their metabolism to produce biomass, the metabolic objectives of cells that perform non-proliferative tasks are unclear. The opposing requirements for optimizing each objective result in a trade-off that forces single cells to prioritize their metabolic needs and optimally allocate limited resources. Here, we present single-cell optimization objective and trade-off inference (SCOOTI), which infers metabolic objectives and trade-offs in biological systems by integrating bulk and single-cell omics data, using metabolic modeling and machine learning.

Food insecurity and ultra-processed food consumption in the Health and Retirement Study: Cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Higher ultra-processed foods (UPF), attributed to more than half of daily intake in the US, have been associated with impaired health outcomes. Documented evidence highlights disparities in UPF consumption due to food insecurity, which is a public health challenge among older adults in the US.

Objectives: The study examined the link between food insecurity and UPF consumption.

Interactions between leaf phenological type and functional traits drive variation in isoprene emissions in central Amazon forest trees.

The Amazon forest is the largest source of isoprene emissions, and the seasonal pattern of leaf-out phenology in this forest has been indicated as an important driver of seasonal variation in emissions. Still, it is unclear how emissions vary between different leaf phenological types in this forest. To evaluate the influence of leaf phenological type over isoprene emissions, we measured leaf-level isoprene emission capacity and leaf functional traits for 175 trees from 124 species of angiosperms distributed among brevideciduous and evergreen trees in a central Amazon forest.

Poly[di-aqua-[μ-1,4-bis-(pyridin-3-ylmeth-yl)piperazine][μ-4-(2-carboxyl-atoeth-yl)benzoato]cobalt(II)].

A layered cobalt coordination polymer containing both 4-(2-carboxyl-atoeth-yl)benzoate (ceb) and 1,4-bis-(3-pyridyl-meth-yl)piperazine (3-bpmp) ligands, [Co(CHO)(CHN)(HO)] or [Co(ceb)(3-bpmp)(HO)] , was isolated and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Chain-like [Co(ceb)(HO)] units are oriented parallel to [101]. These are connected into (4,4)-grid coordination polymer layers by tethering 3-bpmp ligands.

A process for conducting mixed methods data analysis.

The process of mixed methods data analysis has long been understudied and needs clear guidance for researchers. This review article honors Michael D. Fetters' pioneering work on mixed methods data analysis, building on his concepts of integration, joint displays, and metainferences.

Integrating psychiatry and family medicine in the management of somatic symptom disorders: Diagnosis, collaboration, and communication strategies.

Somatic symptom disorders (SSDs) present a complex interplay of physical and psychological factors, necessitating an integrative approach to diagnosis and management. This article explores the collaborative efforts between family medicine and psychiatry in addressing SSDs, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary strategy for comprehensive patient care. Effective diagnosis involves recognizing the significance of both somatic symptoms and the patient's psychological response, with tools like structured clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires playing crucial roles.

High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis and 5-Oxoprolinuria in a Hospital Setting Induced by Acetaminophen, Sepsis, and Malnutrition: A Case Report.

High anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) is a common biochemical abnormality in hospitalized patients, often linked to conditions such as lactic acidosis, renal failure, or drug toxicity. A rare etiology, 5-oxoprolinuria, resulting from acetaminophen use, malnutrition, and sepsis, is increasingly recognized in critically ill patients. We report a 29-year-old male with a history of intellectual disability and normal baseline kidney function who was admitted with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and developed severe metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Continuous Catheter Versus Single-Shot Interscalene Block in Shoulder Surgery: A Review and Recommendations for Postoperative Pain Management.

Shoulder arthroscopic and arthroplastic surgeries are associated with significant postoperative pain, which can delay recovery and increase opioid consumption. Interscalene blocks (ISBs) are a commonly used method to manage this pain, either as single-shot injections or continuous catheter infusions (CISBs). This review synthesizes findings from studies conducted in the past five years, comparing the efficacy, complications, and outcomes of single-shot ISBs versus CISBs for postoperative pain management in shoulder surgeries.

Symptom management in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma.

According to the 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors, gliomas harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) are considered a distinct disease entity, typically presenting in adult patients before the age of 50 years. Given their multiyear survival, patients with mIDH glioma are affected by tumor and treatment-related symptoms that can have a large impact on the daily life of both patients and their caregivers for an extended period of time. Selective oral inhibitors of mIDH enzymes have recently joined existing anticancer treatments, including resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, as an additional targeted treatment modality.

How do I prescribe and manage mIDH inhibitors in patients with IDH-mutant glioma?

Recent interest has been in using mIDH inhibitors in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas. This review paper summarizes the indications, side effects, recommended dosing, and management for patients on ivosidenib and vorasidenib.

Social jetlag and diet quality among US young adults: interactions with race/ethnicity.

The objective was to examine associations between social jetlag and diet quality among young adults in the US using nationally representative data from the 2017-2018 NHANES survey, and evaluate effect modification by gender and race/ethnicity. Social jetlag was considered ≥2-hour difference in sleep midpoint (median of bedtime and wake time) between weekends and weekdays. Diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and its 13 dietary components.

Patients With Shoulder Labral Tears Search the Internet to Understand Their Diagnoses and Treatment Options.

Purpose: To analyze the most frequently searched questions associated with shoulder labral pathology and to evaluate the source-type availability and quality.

Methods: Common shoulder labral pathology-related search terms were entered into Google, and the suggested frequently asked questions were compiled and categorized. In addition, suggested sources were recorded, categorized, and scored for quality of information using JAMA benchmark criteria.

Prevalence of Depression in Older Adults and the Potential Protective Role of Volunteering: Findings From the LongROAD Study.

Background: As the US population continues to age, depression and other mental health issues have become a significant challenge for healthy aging. Few studies, however, have examined the prevalence of depression in community-dwelling older adults in the United States.

Methods: Baseline data from the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers study were analyzed to examine the prevalence and correlates of depression in a multisite sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65-79 years who were enrolled and assessed between July 2015 and March 2017.

Infant mental health integration into OB care leads to increased connection to services during the perinatal period.

We compared referrals and connection to care between perinatal patients: 90 receiving OB/GYN care in clinics with integrated behavioral health consultants with infant mental health specialization (IMH-BHC), and 68 receiving traditional care, in the United States. Participants identified as: Native American/Alaskan native, 1.90%; Asian, .

No Vaccine, No Organ? Ethics of Vaccine Mandates for Pediatric Transplant.

Many transplant programs worldwide are likely to impose vaccine mandates for pediatric solid organ transplant candidates; some already do. Three potential benefits that advocates invoke to justify mandates are improved patient outcomes, efficient organ allocation, and contributions to community protection. We show that none of these benefits can justify mandates.

AI as an intervention: improving clinical outcomes relies on a causal approach to AI development and validation.

The primary practice of healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) starts with model development, often using state-of-the-art AI, retrospectively evaluated using metrics lifted from the AI literature like AUROC and DICE score. However, good performance on these metrics may not translate to improved clinical outcomes. Instead, we argue for a better development pipeline constructed by working backward from the end goal of positively impacting clinically relevant outcomes using AI, leading to considerations of causality in model development and validation, and subsequently a better development pipeline.

Physician Payment Incentives and Active Surveillance in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Active surveillance in men with less aggressive prostate cancer is inconsistently used despite clinical guidelines. Renumeration generally favors treatment over conservative management and may contribute to the variable adoption of active surveillance, which suggests that value-based payment incentives may promote guideline-concordant care.

Objective: To describe the adoption of active surveillance in low-risk prostate cancer, following the initiation of a novel payment incentive sponsored by a commercial payer to support its use.

Academic Detailing Interventions and Evidence-Based Prescribing: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Academic detailing (interactive educational outreach) is a widely used strategy to encourage evidence-based prescribing by clinicians.

Objective: To evaluate academic detailing programs targeted at improving prescribing behavior and describe program aspects associated with positive outcomes.

Evidence Review: A systematic search of MEDLINE from April 1, 2007, through December 31, 2022, was performed for randomized trials and nonrandomized studies of academic detailing interventions to improve prescribing.

Heterogeneity in American and European Peripheral Artery Disease Guidelines on Non-statin Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Rivaroxaban.

No abstract for this Commentary/Viewpoint. Glad to add if the Editorial Office sees necessary.