Nonlinear Optical Properties of Bis(dehydrobenzoannuleno)benzenes: An Experimental and Computational Approach.

Given their molecular properties and electronic structure, graphyne and graphdiyne are promising materials with numerous applications in different fields of material science. Dehydrobenzoannules (DBAs) are candidates that can serve as building blocks for synthesizing and designing new 2D carbon allotropes; however, only a few graphynes have been produced on a practical scale. Herein, we present our investigation of three DBAs, which serve as a model to understand the relationship between the structure and property, contributing to 2D carbon allotropes' rational design and synthetic effort.

Vaccine Hesitancy and Acceptance: The Present and the Future.

In the following Special Issue of , entitled "Acceptance and Hesitancy in Vaccine Uptake," seventeen diverse papers examine the critical role of vaccination in health promotion and disease prevention [...

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Native American Population.

Native Americans are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease in comparison with other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Previous research has analyzed risk factors, quantified prevalence rates, and examined outcomes of cardiovascular disease in Native Americans, yet few studies have considered the role of societal and psychological factors on the increased burden of cardiovascular disease in Native Americans. Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including poor nutrition, reduced physical activity, obesity, and increased substance use, are exacerbated in Native American communities due to cultural and historical factors.

IDH Mutant Cholangiocarcinoma: Pathogenesis, Management, and Future Therapies.

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes are among the most frequently encountered molecular alterations in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). These neomorphic point mutations endow mutant IDH (mIDH) with the ability to generate an R-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate (R2HG), a metabolite that drives malignant transformation through aberrant epigenetic signaling. As a result, pharmacologic inhibition of mIDH has become an attractive therapeutic strategy in CCAs harboring this mutation.

Trauma, Justice, and Equity: Using Critical Theories and Concepts to Address Systemic Harm Among Youth Punishment System-Involved Black Girls.

This review critically evaluates the existing literature on youth punishment system (YPS)-involved Black girls and their intersections of with trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It synthesizes findings from previous studies, identifying key research trends, gaps, and controversies, while also highlighting areas in need of further investigation. Black girls, particularly those involved in systems such as juvenile justice, child welfare, and education, often face disproportionate exposure to violence, abuse and neglect, trauma, and systemic racism.

Key Role of Phosphorylation in Small Heat Shock Protein Regulation via Oligomeric Disaggregation and Functional Activation.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential molecular chaperones that protect cells by aiding in protein folding and preventing aggregation under stress conditions. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), which include members from HSPB1 to HSPB10, are particularly important for cellular stress responses. These proteins share a conserved α-crystallin domain (ACD) critical for their chaperone function, with flexible N- and C-terminal extensions that facilitate oligomer formation.

Inflammation-Induced Th17 Cells Synergize with the Inflammation-Trained Microbiota to Mediate Host Resiliency Against Intestinal Injury.

Background And Aims: Inflammation can generate pathogenic Th17 cells and cause an inflammatory dysbiosis. In the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), these inflammatory Th17 cells and dysbiotic microbiota may perpetuate injury to intestinal epithelial cells. However, many models of IBD like T-cell transfer colitis and IL-10-/- mice rely on the absence of regulatory pathways, so it is difficult to tell if inflammation can also induce protective Th17 cells.

Finding My Way: Black Doulas' Communication with Other Birthing Care Providers in an Interprofessional Work Environment.

Black women suffer more complications and birthing harms compared to other race-ethnic groups. Even when birthing equity initiatives are implemented, many Black families choose to work with a Black doula to reduce harms linked to obstetric racism. Most Black doulas described their role as helping women have the kind of birth they want; however, problems doulas experience in communicating with other birthing team members are not well understood.

Socioeconomic and Health-Related Characteristics Associated with Initiation and Completion of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Males in the United States: An In-Depth Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among males is poorly understood. We systematically reviewed individual socioeconomic/health-related characteristics associated with HPV vaccine initiation and vaccination series completion among males in the United States. We searched for literature up to August 1, 2023, and pooled appropriate multivariable-adjusted results using an inverse variance random effects model, with results expressed as odds ratios.

Deep learning-based design and experimental validation of a medicine-like human antibody library.

Antibody generation requires the use of one or more time-consuming methods, namely animal immunization, and in vitro display technologies. However, the recent availability of large amounts of antibody sequence and structural data in the public domain along with the advent of generative deep learning algorithms raises the possibility of computationally generating novel antibody sequences with desirable developability attributes. Here, we describe a deep learning model for computationally generating libraries of highly human antibody variable regions whose intrinsic physicochemical properties resemble those of the variable regions of the marketed antibody-based biotherapeutics (medicine-likeness).

Sex-Specific Clinical and Genetic Factors Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Females with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy present at a more advanced stage of the disease and have a higher risk of heart failure and death. The factors behind these differences are unclear. We aimed to investigate sex-related differences in clinical and genetic factors affecting adverse outcomes in the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Pegcetacoplan in Patients with Geographic Atrophy or Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Objective: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to characterize serum pegcetacoplan concentration-time data after intravitreal administration in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) or neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: Pharmacokinetic modeling.

Participants: Two hundred sixty-one patients with GA or nAMD enrolled in 4 clinical studies of pegcetacoplan.

Reverse Fragility Index in Plastic Surgery Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: The reverse fragility index (RFI) is a measure used to evaluate the neutrality of statistically nonsignificant findings in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The RFI represents the minimum number of events needed to reverse a statistically nonsignificant result into a significant one. This study applied the RFI to examine the robustness of statistically nonsignificant RCTs in plastic surgery.

Lifetime stressors relate to invisible symptoms of multiple sclerosis.

Aim: Childhood stressors can increase adult stress perception and may accumulate over the lifespan to impact symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence links childhood stressors (e.g.

Incidental Diagnosis of Occult Maternal Malignancy With Routine Noninvasive Prenatal Testing During Pregnancy.

The noninvasive prenatal test (NIPT) for genetic screening has been adopted globally as an alternative to first-trimester and quad screening due to its high sensitivity and specificity. NIPT involves detecting and processing foreign fetal DNA in maternal circulation to screen for fetal aneuploidy. An incidental consequence of this process is the detection of foreign tumor cell DNA in maternal circulation in otherwise asymptomatic patients.

Exploring the alleviating effects of metabolite lactic acid on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through the gut-liver axis.

Objective: This study investigates the protective effects of lactic acid, a metabolite of , on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-sugar, high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, in the context of the gut-liver axis.

Methods: A NAFLD mouse model was established using a HFD, and different intervention groups were set up to study the protective effects of and its metabolite lactic acid. The groups included a control group, NAFLD group, treatment group, Glyceraldehyde-3-P (G-3P) co-treatment group, and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) overexpression group.

Computed tomography-based investigation of degenerative neural cervicothoracic foraminal stenosis as a potential mechanism for Horner syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the presence and/or severity of cervicothoracic foraminal stenosis between the C7 and T3 segments could account for Horner syndrome, otherwise deemed to be idiopathic in nature.

Methods: This study was an IRB-approved, retrospective study that included 28 patients [mean ± standard deviation (age: 54.5 ± 18.

Injectable thermosensitive antibiotic-laden chitosan hydrogel for regenerative endodontics.

Injectable biomaterials, such as thermosensitive chitosan (CH)-based hydrogels, present a highly translational potential in dentistry due to their minimally invasive application, adaptability to irregular defects/shapes, and ability to carry therapeutic drugs. This work explores the incorporation of azithromycin (AZI) into thermosensitive CH hydrogels for use as an intracanal medication in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). The morphological and chemical characteristics of the hydrogel were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Self-Enhancement in Latin America: Is It Linked to Interdependence?

Although individuals of Latin American heritage ( in short) are considered interdependent, they also value traits like uniqueness and positivity, like individuals of European American cultural heritage, who are considered independent. It remains unclear whether this inclination toward positivity extends to a bias in self-perception known as self-enhancement. Moreover, if Latin Americans are indeed self-enhancing, it is uncertain how these tendencies align with their interdependent cultural orientation.

Socioeconomic Inequity in Access to Medical and Long-Term Care Among Older People.

Background: Ensuring equitable access to medical and long-term care (LTC) is critical to enable older people to maintain their health and well-being even after they undergo a decline in their intrinsic capacity.

Methods: We used data from five waves of the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly, conducted between 2002 and 2021, to assess gradients in access to medical care and LTC by income and education among Japanese individuals aged 60 years and above. Specifically, we assessed self-reported unmet needs for medical care and LTC, and public LTC use, and estimated the concentration indices (CI) to evaluate the degree of inequality and inequity.

The outcomes of the obesity paradox in pulmonary embolism: a study of the national inpatient sample database from 2016 to 2020.

The "obesity paradox" suggests that, despite a higher baseline risk for adverse health outcomes, obese patients can experience a lower complication and mortality rate in conditions such as pulmonary embolisms (PE). This study aims to examine the association between obesity and inpatient outcomes of PE patients, utilizing the data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. We conducted a retrospective study analysis of obese adult PE patients (aged ≥ 18) using the NIS database from 2016 to 2020.

Parental Weight Stigma Associated with Self-Directed Weight Talk and Use of Health-Related Restrictive Feeding Practices.

Background: Parents are important conduits of weight- and health-related messaging. Weight-related communication and approaches to child feeding used by parents may reflect their past experiences with weight stigma and are understudied pathways through which intergenerational weight stigma may be transmitted.

Objective: To examine how experienced and internalized weight stigma among parents of children with higher weights are associated with weight-related communication and the feeding practices they use.

Malperfusion in Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: This study describes in detail the clinical burden of malperfusion associated with acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) in a large, national cohort and the effect of treatment strategy on outcomes.

Methods: All patients undergoing repair of ATAAD between 2017 and 2020 in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were studied. Malperfusion was defined using STS definitions based on imaging or surgeon's evaluation.