Immigrant status and citizenship relationships with epigenetic aging in a representative sample of United States adults.

Background: Immigrant status and citizenship influence health and well-being, yet their associations with DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers of aging - key predictors of healthspan and lifespan, also known as epigenetic aging - remain underexplored.

Methods: Using a representative sample of 2,336 United States (U.S.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is associated with fatigue during the menopause transition.

Objective: During the menopause transition (MT), abnormal uterine bleeding, characterized by prolonged (PMB) or heavy (HMB) menstrual bleeding, occurs often. We assessed whether PMB or HMB was associated with fatigue.

Methods: We used longitudinal daily menstrual calendar data from 2,329 participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation to identify episodes of HMB and PMB.

Pridopidine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The HEALEY ALS Platform Trial.

Importance: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease. The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor emerged as a target for intervention.

Objective: To determine the effects of pridopidine, a σ1-receptor agonist, in ALS.

Verdiperstat in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Results From the Randomized HEALEY ALS Platform Trial.

Importance: Myeloperoxidase is one of the most abundant peroxidase enzymes in activated myeloid cells. Myeloperoxidase inhibitors may have a clinical benefit in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by slowing neurodegeneration via reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Objective: To determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of verdiperstat, a selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor, in ALS.

High Hole Mobility van der Waals Junction Field-Effect Transistors Based on Te/GaAs for Multimode Photodetection and Logic Applications.

Recently, interface scattering and low mobility have significantly impeded the performance of two-dimensional (2D) P-type transistors. 2D semiconductor tellurium (Te) has garnered significant interest owing to its unique atomic chain crystal structure, which confers ultrahigh hole mobility. van der Waals heterojunction enhances transistor performance by reducing scattering at the gate-channel interface, attributed to its high-quality interface.

Evaluating Hospital Resource Utilization for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Through Linkage of a Clinical Registry and an Administrative Database.

Resource utilization estimates for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) in early childhood are lacking. We linked the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement (NPC-QIC) clinical registry to the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database to estimate hospital resource utilization for a contemporary HLHS cohort. All hospitals with both PHIS and NPC-QIC data available were eligible for inclusion.

Engineering a Ru(ii) Nanostructure for Oxygen-Free Photocatalytic Degradation of Environmental Pollutants.

The development of high-performing photocatalysts with visible-light-absorbing and oxidative properties for the degradation of organic contaminants in anaerobic microenvironments remains a challenge. Herein, a Ru-complex decorated with coumarin ([Ru(phen)Cur]Cl) molecules was created to achieve high absorption capacities and photocatalytic activity. Taking advantage of the nanoparticulate structure, the transformation of [Ru(phen)Cur]Cl molecules into Ru(II) nanostructures (RuCur NPs) not only exhibited an extensive broad visible-light absorption spectrum but also possessed enhanced intersystem crossing efficiency and improved electron transfer.

Differential Impact of Hospitalization on Cystatin C- and Creatinine-Based Estimated GFR.

Background: Cystatin C has entered mainstream clinical care as a measure of kidney function, joining serum creatinine which has been used for almost a century. But many physicians notice that eGFRCr and eGFRCys values can differ considerably. Hospitalization with critical illness is known to acutely decrease eGFRdiff (eGFRCys - eGFRCr).

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF FREQUENT, LOW-DOSE COPPER OXIDE WIRE PARTICLE TREATMENTS, FED AS A TOP DRESSING, ON GASTROINTESTINAL TRICHOSTRONGYLOID NEMATODE FECAL EGG COUNTS IN SABLE () AND GEMSBOK ().

Nematodes of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea, particularly abomasal species, have severe clinical implications associated with high morbidity and potential mortality of exotic ruminants housed in zoological institutions. The life cycle and ecology of Trichostrongyloid gastrointestinal nematodes (TGN) present challenges in their control including development of anthelmintic resistance and reinfection in high-density managed herds. Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) are used to help control TGN infections in ruminants, administered as a bolus or a feed additive.

Selective Enhancer Dependencies in MYC-Intact and MYC-Rearranged Germinal Center B-cell Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

High expression of MYC and its target genes identify germinal center B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (GCB-DLBCL) associated with poor outcomes. We used CRISPR-interference profiling of human lymphoma cell lines to define essential enhancers in the MYC locus and non-immunoglobulin rearrangement partner loci, including a recurrent rearrangement between MYC and the BCL6 locus control region. GCB-DLBCL cell lines without MYC rearrangement are dependent on an evolutionarily-conserved enhancer we name "germinal center MYC enhancer 1" (GME-1), which is activated by the transcription factor complex of OCT2, OCA-B, and MEF2B, shows an active chromatin state in normal human and mouse germinal center B cells, and demonstrates selective acetylation and MYC promoter topological interactions in MYC-intact GCB-DLBCL biopsies.

Optogenetically-induced sustained hypothalamic hyperexcitability impairs memory via thalamic spread.

Objective: Clinical investigators have hypothesized that interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) generated by hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) lead to cognitive dysfunction in patients with drug-resistant gelastic seizures. Herein we provide causal evidence supporting this hypothesis by demonstrating that excitatory neural bursts, when propagating from the HH to the mediodorsal thalamus during the encoding period, impair working memory.

Methods: By employing channelrhodopsin-2 photostimulation, we induced excessive neural excitation in Long-Evans rats, resembling IEDs, at the axon terminals of the lateral hypothalamus projecting toward the mediodorsal thalamus and prelimbic cortex.

Clonal Hematopoiesis Landscape in Frequent Blood Donors.

Donor blood saves lives, yet the potential impact of recurrent large-volume phlebotomy on donor health and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains largely unexplored. In our study, we conducted a comprehensive screening of 217 older male volunteer donors with a history of extensive blood donation (>100 life-time donations) to investigate the phenomenon of clonal hematopoiesis (CH). No significant difference in the overall incidence of CH was found in frequent donors (FD) compared to sporadic donors (<10 life-time donations, 212 donors).

Dissecting genetic regulation of metabolic coordination.

Understanding genetic regulation of metabolism is critical for gaining insights into the causes of metabolic diseases. Traditional metabolome-based genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) focus on static associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and metabolite levels, overlooking the changing relationships caused by genotypes within the metabolic network. Notably, some metabolites exhibit changes in correlation patterns with other metabolites under certain physiological conditions while maintaining their overall abundance level.

US Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2017: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background The US Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) includes an assessment category (US-1, negative; US-2, subthreshold; and US-3, positive) and a visualization score reflecting image quality (VIS-A, no or minimal limitations; VIS-B, moderate limitations; and VIS-C, severe limitations). The US-3 and VIS-C impact patient treatment. Purpose To establish the distributions of categories and visualization scores, estimate the proportions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and overall malignancy in the US-3 category, and identify variables associated with the VIS-C score by conducting a meta-analysis.

Strengthening Discovery and Application of Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology: A Report from the Anesthesia Research Council.

Interest in the potential applications of artificial intelligence in medicine, anesthesiology, and the world at large has never been higher. The Anesthesia Research Council steering committee formed an anesthesiologist artificial intelligence expert workgroup charged with evaluating the current state of artificial intelligence in anesthesiology, providing examples of future artificial intelligence applications and identifying barriers to artificial intelligence progress. The workgroup's findings are summarized here, starting with a brief introduction to artificial intelligence for clinicians, followed by overviews of current and anticipated artificial intelligence-focused research and applications in anesthesiology.

The influence of postural threat-induced anxiety on locomotor learning and updating: a mini-review.

Anxiety, as a multifaced construct encompassing physiological, cognitive, and behavioral responses to perceived stress, is associated with locomotion. This mini-review focuses on a study employing the "broken-escalator phenomenon" to explore how postural threat-induced anxiety affects locomotor adaptation (learning) and deadaptation (updating). The study sheds light on the significance of perceived safety and appropriate structure of environment for effective learning.

The Role of Nanobubbles in Protein Unfolding during Electrothermal Supercharging.

Nanobubbles (NBs) are tiny gas cavities with diameters around 200 nm that remain stable in solution due to their unique properties, including low buoyancy and negative surface charges. Ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) is an alternative buffer to commonly used ammonium acetate during protein analysis by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. The addition of ABC under high voltage and temperature conditions can lead to protein unfolding, a phenomenon termed electrothermal supercharging (ETS).

Effect of 12-week dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.

Menopause is associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, a key contributor to increased arterial stiffness and, consequently, greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in postmenopausal females. Even though dietary nitrate has been shown to increase NO bioavailability in postmenopausal females acutely, previous studies showed no impact of dietary nitrate supplementation on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females. Their findings were likely limited by the acute and/or short-term design.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Prostate Cancer Treatment: The Impact of Area Deprivation Index on Initial Treatment Type for Localized PCa in a North-American Cohort.

Background: Socioeconomic status and geographical location contribute to disparities in localized prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. We examined the impact of area of deprivation index (ADI) on initial treatment type for localized PCa in a North-American cohort.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with localized PCa, treated within Henry Ford Health (HFH), between 1995 and 2022, with available ADI-data.

Sensing Dog Brain Reactions to Smell by AI Speckle Pattern Analysis.

Investigation of a dog's brain activity related to their outstanding olfactory capabilities has been a topic of interest among researchers. For this specific study, we identified three areas of the brain that have been shown in previous studies to be relevant during the process of smell discrimination in dogs: the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and amygdala. We set up a detection structure system based on laser and a camera to capture speckle patterns on the three regions in four dog breeds for smell stimuli: garlic, menthol, alcohol, and marijuana.

Medical Cannabis in the United States: Comparing 2017 and 2024 State Qualifying Conditions to the 2017 National Academies of Sciences Report.

Objective: To compare the 2017 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine cannabis report to state medical cannabis (MC) laws defining approved qualifying conditions (QC) from 2017 and 2024 and to determine the evidence level of the QCs approved in each state.

Patients And Methods: The 2017 National Academies of Sciences (NAS) report assessed therapeutic evidence for over 20 medical conditions treated with MC. We identified the QCs of 38 states (including Washington DC) where MC was legal in 2024 and compared them to the QCs listed by these states in 2017.

The assembly and annotation of two teinturier grapevine varieties, Dakapo and Rubired.

Teinturier grapevines, known for their pigmented flesh berries due to anthocyanin production, are valuable for enhancing the pigmentation of wine, for potential health benefits, and for investigating anthocyanin production in plants. Here, we assembled and annotated the Dakapo and Rubired genomes, two teinturier varieties. For Dakapo, we combined Nanopore sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and scaffolding to the existing grapevine assembly to generate a final assembly of 508.

Comparison of Tecar Therapy and Low-Level Laser Therapy Separately and Simultaneously on Clinical Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A 3-Month Follow-up Study.

Background: Distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent issue among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the widespread use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and limited use of Tecar therapy in physiotherapy for diabetics, the synergistic effect of these two interventions in a long-term follow-up has not yet been determined.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of Tecar therapy and LLLT separately and simultaneously over a 3-month follow-up period on clinical symptoms and health-related quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes and DPN.

Clinical Outcomes of Immediate Versus Staged Revascularization of Nonculprit Arteries in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Recent guidelines for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) recommend revascularization of non-culprit lesions following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the optimal timing for this procedure-whether immediate or staged-remains uncertain.

Methods: A comprehensive search using PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify studies comparing clinical outcomes between immediate and staged revascularization approaches in patients with MVD undergoing PCI.