Socioeconomic Disparities in Prostate Cancer Treatment: The Impact of Area Deprivation Index on Initial Treatment Type for Localized PCa in a North-American Cohort.

Background: Socioeconomic status and geographical location contribute to disparities in localized prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. We examined the impact of area of deprivation index (ADI) on initial treatment type for localized PCa in a North-American cohort.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with localized PCa, treated within Henry Ford Health (HFH), between 1995 and 2022, with available ADI-data.

Sensing Dog Brain Reactions to Smell by AI Speckle Pattern Analysis.

Investigation of a dog's brain activity related to their outstanding olfactory capabilities has been a topic of interest among researchers. For this specific study, we identified three areas of the brain that have been shown in previous studies to be relevant during the process of smell discrimination in dogs: the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and amygdala. We set up a detection structure system based on laser and a camera to capture speckle patterns on the three regions in four dog breeds for smell stimuli: garlic, menthol, alcohol, and marijuana.

Medical Cannabis in the United States: Comparing 2017 and 2024 State Qualifying Conditions to the 2017 National Academies of Sciences Report.

Objective: To compare the 2017 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine cannabis report to state medical cannabis (MC) laws defining approved qualifying conditions (QC) from 2017 and 2024 and to determine the evidence level of the QCs approved in each state.

Patients And Methods: The 2017 National Academies of Sciences (NAS) report assessed therapeutic evidence for over 20 medical conditions treated with MC. We identified the QCs of 38 states (including Washington DC) where MC was legal in 2024 and compared them to the QCs listed by these states in 2017.

The assembly and annotation of two teinturier grapevine varieties, Dakapo and Rubired.

Teinturier grapevines, known for their pigmented flesh berries due to anthocyanin production, are valuable for enhancing the pigmentation of wine, for potential health benefits, and for investigating anthocyanin production in plants. Here, we assembled and annotated the Dakapo and Rubired genomes, two teinturier varieties. For Dakapo, we combined Nanopore sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and scaffolding to the existing grapevine assembly to generate a final assembly of 508.

Comparison of Tecar Therapy and Low-Level Laser Therapy Separately and Simultaneously on Clinical Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A 3-Month Follow-up Study.

Background: Distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent issue among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the widespread use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and limited use of Tecar therapy in physiotherapy for diabetics, the synergistic effect of these two interventions in a long-term follow-up has not yet been determined.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of Tecar therapy and LLLT separately and simultaneously over a 3-month follow-up period on clinical symptoms and health-related quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes and DPN.

Clinical Outcomes of Immediate Versus Staged Revascularization of Nonculprit Arteries in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Recent guidelines for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) recommend revascularization of non-culprit lesions following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the optimal timing for this procedure-whether immediate or staged-remains uncertain.

Methods: A comprehensive search using PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify studies comparing clinical outcomes between immediate and staged revascularization approaches in patients with MVD undergoing PCI.

Ignition of non-equilibrium methane dielectric barrier discharges in a multiphase plasma-liquid microfluidic device.

Atmospheric pressure plasma conversion of methane is usually addressed in gas-only systems, such as dry reforming of methane. Introducing a liquid in such a system enables direct utilization of plasma-produced radicals, such as methyl (CH), as a reactant in the liquid. Methylation of organic liquids by this technique can lead to the sustainable production of high-value products.

Threshold for Implant Removal in Peri-implantitis defect. Is there any?

Objectives: This article aims to comprehensively address and discuss the thresholds for implant removal in cases of severe peri-implantitis. Material and Methods: Electronic databases were searched comprehensively, electronically, and manually. Studies focusing on criteria for explantation of dental implants were included and reviewed comprehensively.

Plant-soil feedbacks contribute to coexistence when considering multispecies assemblages over a soil depth gradient.

Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) may determine plant-species coexistence. They may stabilize coexistence, but frequently destabilize it by increasing fitness differences between species. Most studies focus on pairwise models in greenhouses.

Traditional Versus Dual Lumen Microcatheter-Assisted Parallel Wiring in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the PROGRESS-CTO Registry.

Background: The effectiveness and safety of traditional versus dual lumen microcatheter (DLMC)-assisted parallel wiring in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received limited study.

Aims: To compare traditional versus dual lumen microcatheter (DLMC)-assisted parallel wiring.

Methods: We compared the clinical and angiographic characteristics and outcomes of traditional versus DLMC-assisted parallel wiring after failed antegrade wiring (AW) in a large, multicenter CTO PCI registry.

Comparative Efficacy of Immunosuppressive Therapies in the Treatment of Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis.

Objectives: The RESOLVE-1 trial of lenabasum in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) allowed background immunosuppressive therapy (IST) at the discretion of individual investigators, and no significant differences were observed between treatment arms. This provides a powerful opportunity to compare the relative efficacy of different ISTs in a well-defined large cohort of patients with dcSSc.

Methods: Prespecified IST categories, efficacy end points, baseline disease characteristics likely to influence efficacy outcomes, the definition of interstitial lung disease, definitions of IST use, and categories of IST use by which efficacy outcomes were evaluated were.

Bidirectional Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis of million-scale data reveal causal relationships between thyroid-related phenotypes, smoking, and lung cancer.

Emerging evidence highlights the role of thyroid hormones in cancer, though findings are controversial. Research on thyroid-related traits in lung carcinogenesis is limited. Using UK Biobank data, we conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causal links between lung cancer risk and thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism) or function traits (free thyroxine [FT4], normal-range TSH).

Soil pH-dependent nitrogen stimulation of plant biomass: magnesium and calcium as key constraints.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition can alleviate N limitation and stimulate plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems. While theoretical models often emphasize phosphorus limitations as a constraint on this positive N effect, the impact of N-induced magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) deficits due to soil acidification has been largely overlooked. Here, we synthesized data from 243 experiments across diverse terrestrial ecosystems to investigate the role of Mg and Ca in plant biomass responses to N addition.

Minority health social vulnerability index and long COVID illness among a statewide, population-based study of adults with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected socially vulnerable communities. Some individuals experience persistent symptoms and conditions of COVID-19 illness known as long COVID. As little research has examined how social vulnerability is related to long COVID, we studied this topic using Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index (MHSVI), specifically created for the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.

Development of a community-based peer-support intervention to improve contraceptive agency and diffuse self-injectable contraception in Uganda: Application of the human-centered design approach.

Background: The low use of self-injectable contraception, coupled with the recognition that many individuals need support beyond training to use self-care technologies successfully, suggests the need for innovative programming. We describe the participatory human-centered design process we used in two districts of Uganda to develop a community-based peer support intervention to improve women's agency to make and act on contraceptive decisions and help diffuse self-injectable contraception.

Methods: The design team included multi-disciplinary researchers from Uganda and the United States, representatives of local community-based organizations and village health teams, and local women of reproductive age.

Pelabresib plus ruxolitinib for JAK inhibitor-naive myelofibrosis: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors provide limited depth and durability of response in myelofibrosis. We evaluated pelabresib-a bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor-plus ruxolitinib (a JAK inhibitor) compared with placebo plus ruxolitinib as first-line therapy. In this phase 3 study (MANIFEST-2), JAK inhibitor-naive patients with myelofibrosis were randomized 1:1 to pelabresib 125 mg once daily (QD; 50-175 mg QD permitted) for 14 days followed by a 7-day break (21-day cycle), or to placebo in combination with ruxolitinib 10 or 15 mg twice daily (BID; 5 mg QD-25 mg BID permitted).

Adrenocortical stem cells in health and disease.

The adrenal cortex is the major site of production of steroid hormones, which are essential for life. The normal development and homeostatic renewal of the adrenal cortex depend on capsular stem cells and cortical progenitor cells. These cell populations are highly plastic and support adaptation to physiological demands, injury and disease, linking steroid production and adrenal (organ) homeostasis with systemic endocrine cues and organismal homeostasis.

A functional single-cell metabolic survey identifies Elovl1 as a target to enhance CD8 T cell fitness in solid tumours.

Reprogramming T cell metabolism can improve intratumoural fitness. By performing a CRISPR/Cas9 metabolic survey in CD8 T cells, we identified 83 targets and we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to disclose transcriptome changes associated with each metabolic perturbation in the context of pancreatic cancer. This revealed elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 1 (Elovl1) as a metabolic target to sustain effector functions and memory phenotypes in CD8 T cells.

Backscattering-free edge states below all bands in two-dimensional auxetic media.

Unidirectional and backscattering-free propagation of sound waves is of fundamental interest in physics and highly sought-after in engineering. Current strategies utilize topologically protected chiral edge modes in bandgaps, or complex mechanisms involving active constituents or nonlinearity. Here we propose passive, linear, one-way edge states based on spin-momentum locking of Rayleigh waves in two-dimensional media in the limit of vanishing bulk to shear modulus ratio, which provides perfect unidirectional and backscattering-free edge propagation that is immune to any edge roughness and has no limitation on its frequency (instead of residing in gaps between bulk bands).

Racialized economic segregation and youth firearm carriage: community violence as a mediator.

Firearm carriage poses a significant public health challenge, especially for youth (ages 14-24) living in predominantly Black communities that endured racial and economic segregation. Structural racism is a determinant of fatal and nonfatal firearm assaults, but the influence of structural racism on youth firearm carriage has received limited attention. Our study examines whether community violence exposure mediates the association between racialized economic segregation and youth firearm carriage.

Adding New Components to a Composite Quality Metric: How Good Is Good Enough?

Objectives: This study illustrates how the statistical reliability of an individual measure relates to the overall reliability of a composite metric, as understanding this relationship provides additional information when evaluating measures for endorsement.

Background: National quality measure endorsement processes typically evaluate individual metrics on criteria such as importance and scientific acceptability (eg, reliability). In practice, quality measures may be used in composite rating systems, which aid in the interpretation of overall quality differences.