Comorbid conditions and survival among Black women with ovarian cancer.

Background: Black women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have worse survival and a higher burden of comorbid conditions compared with other racial groups. This study examines the association of comorbid conditions and medication use for these conditions with survival among Black women with EOC.

Methods: In a prospective study of 592 Black women with EOC, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) based on self-reported data, three cardiometabolic comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia), and medication use for each cardiometabolic comorbidity were evaluated.

Gender equity in oncology: Progress, challenges, and the path forward in urologic oncology and oncologic specialties.

Women now comprise over 50% of medical school graduates and over one-third of practicing physicians in the United States. Despite this progress, significant barriers to career advancement and leadership persist, particularly in male-dominated fields like urology and oncology. Women physicians are linked to improved patient outcomes and are critical to addressing the projected physician shortage, which is expected to be exaggerated in oncology specialties.

Development of an implementation intervention to promote adoption of the COMFORT clinical practice guideline for peripartum pain management: a qualitative study.

Background: Pain management after childbirth is widely variable, increasing risk of untreated pain, opioid harms, and inequitable experiences of care. The Creating Optimal Pain Management FOR Tailoring Care (COMFORT) clinical practice guideline (CPG) seeks to promote evidence-based, equitable acute peripartum pain management in the United States. We aimed to identify contextual conditions (i.

Electro-chemo-mechanics of anode-free solid-state batteries.

Anode-free solid-state batteries contain no active material at the negative electrode in the as-manufactured state, yielding high energy densities for use in long-range electric vehicles. The mechanisms governing charge-discharge cycling of anode-free batteries are largely controlled by electro-chemo-mechanical phenomena at solid-solid interfaces, and there are important mechanistic differences when compared with conventional lithium-excess batteries. This Perspective provides an overview of the factors governing lithium nucleation, growth, stripping and cycling in anode-free solid-state batteries, including mechanical deformation of lithium, the chemical and mechanical properties of the current collector, microstructural effects, and stripping dynamics.

A pre-clinical MRI-guided all-in-one focused ultrasound system for murine brain studies.

This paper describes the design and initial proof-of-concept of a single pre-clinical transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) system capable of performing histotripsy (mechanical ablation), hyperthermia, blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO), sonodynamic therapy, or neuromodulation in a murine brain. We have termed it the All-in-One FUS system for murine brain studies, which is the first FUS system of its kind. The 1.

Interplay between disorder and topology in Thouless pumping on a superconducting quantum processor.

Topological phases are robust against weak perturbations, but break down when disorder becomes sufficiently strong. However, moderate disorder can also induce topologically nontrivial phases. Thouless pumping, as a (1+1)D counterpart of the integer quantum Hall effect, is one of the simplest manifestations of topology.

Bevacizumab exerts dose-dependent risk for intracranial hemorrhage in patients with malignant gliomas.

Purpose: Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, has become a mainstay therapeutic in the management of malignant glioma. It is unknown if the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), a major complication associated with bevacizumab use, is dose-dependent.

Methods: This was a single institution retrospective analysis of patients treated with bevacizumab for the management of gliomas between 2009 and 2022.

Long COVID in transgender and gender nonbinary people in the United States.

Despite recommendations in the US National Research Action Plan on Long COVID, gender identity is rarely reported in research and surveillance used to guide public health programming and clinical care. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 in a nationwide sample of transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people (N = 2,134). Participants were surveyed between June 14, 2021 and May 1, 2022.

Adipose tissue eQTL meta-analysis highlights the contribution of allelic heterogeneity to gene expression regulation and cardiometabolic traits.

Complete characterization of the genetic effects on gene expression is needed to elucidate tissue biology and the etiology of complex traits. In the present study, we analyzed 2,344 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and identified 34,774 conditionally distinct expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) signals at 18,476 genes. Over half of eQTL genes exhibited at least two eQTL signals.

Empathy is associated with older adults' social behaviors and verbal emotional expressions throughout the day.

Empathy plays a crucial role in promoting older adults' interpersonal experiences, but it remains unclear how these benefits of empathy occur. To address this gap, we examined associations between empathy and how older adults behave and express emotions during their daily interpersonal encounters. Participants included 268 adults aged 65+ (46% men, n = 124) from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study.

Structural basis for catalysis and selectivity of phospholipid synthesis by eukaryotic choline-phosphotransferase.

Phospholipids are the most abundant component in lipid membranes and are essential for the structural and functional integrity of the cell. In eukaryotic cells, phospholipids are primarily synthesized de novo through the Kennedy pathway that involves multiple enzymatic processes. The terminal reaction is mediated by a group of cytidine-5'-diphosphate (CDP)-choline /CDP-ethanolamine-phosphotransferases (CPT/EPT) that use 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and CDP-choline or CDP-ethanolamine to produce phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) that are the main phospholipids in eukaryotic cells.

ImageDoubler: image-based doublet identification in single-cell sequencing.

Single-cell sequencing provides detailed insights into individual cell behaviors within complex systems based on the assumption that each cell is uniquely isolated. However, doublets-where two or more cells are sequenced together-disrupt this assumption and can lead to potential data misinterpretations. Traditional doublet detection methods primarily rely on simulated genomic data, which may be less effective in homogeneous cell populations and can introduce biases from experimental processes.

G-quadruplex stabilization provokes DNA breaks in human PKD1, revealing a second hit mechanism for ADPKD.

The "secondhit" pathway is responsible for biallelic inactivation of many tumor suppressors, where a pathogenic germline allele is joined by somatic mutation of the remaining functional allele. The mechanisms are unresolved, but the human PKD1 tumor suppressor is a good experimental model for identifying the molecular determinants. Inactivation of PKD1 results in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a very common disorder characterized by the accumulation of fluid-filled cysts and end-stage renal disease.

diaTracer enables spectrum-centric analysis of diaPASEF proteomics data.

Data-independent acquisition has become a widely used strategy for peptide and protein quantification in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies. The integration of ion mobility separation into data-independent acquisition analysis, such as the diaPASEF technology available on Bruker's timsTOF platform, further improves the quantification accuracy and protein depth achievable using data-independent acquisition. We introduce diaTracer, a spectrum-centric computational tool optimized for diaPASEF data.

Magnetochiral charge pumping due to charge trapping and skin effect in chirality-induced spin selectivity.

Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) generates giant spin polarization in transport through chiral molecules, paving the way for novel spintronic devices and enantiomer separation. Unlike conventional transport, CISS magnetoresistance (MR) violates Onsager's reciprocal relation, exhibiting significant resistance changes when reversing electrode magnetization at zero bias. However, its underlying mechanism remains unresolved.

Discoidin domain receptor 2 is an important modulator of BMP signaling during heterotopic bone formation.

Bone morphogenetic proteins are essential for bone regeneration/fracture healing but can also induce heterotopic ossification (HO). Understanding accessory factors modulating BMP signaling would provide both a means of enhancing BMP-dependent regeneration while preventing HO. This study focuses on the ability of the collagen receptor, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), to regulate BMP activity.

Development of PRC1 Inhibitors Employing Fragment-Based Approach and NMR-Guided Optimization.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) is associated with transcriptional silencing, and its dysregulation plays an important role in various cancers. Well-characterized PRC1 inhibitors can facilitate the exploration of PRC1 inhibition as therapeutic agents. By employing an NMR-based fragment screening approach, we have previously identified a very weak millimolar ligand , which directly binds to RING1B-BMI1.

Melanin concentrating hormone projections to the nucleus accumbens enhance the reward value of food consumption and do not induce feeding or REM sleep.

Regulation of food intake and energy balance is critical to survival. Hunger develops as a response to energy deficit and drives food-seeking and consumption. However, motivations to eat are varied in nature, and promoted by factors other than energy deficit.

Acquired torticollis due to an ocular surface foreign body.

Ocular torticollis is traditionally attributed to eye misalignment, nystagmus, ptosis, or refractive error. We present 3 pediatric cases of acquired torticollis caused by a foreign body beneath the upper eyelid. The head posturing presumably developed to minimize contact of the foreign body with the corneal surface and mitigate ocular discomfort.

Improvement of cellular pattern organization and clarity through centrifugal force.

Rapid and strategic cell placement is necessary for high throughput tissue fabrication. Current adhesive cell patterning systems rely on fluidic shear flow to remove cells outside of the patterned regions, but limitations in washing complexity and uniformity prevent adhesive patterns from being widely applied. Centrifugation is commonly used to study the adhesive strength of cells to various substrates; however, the approach has not been applied to selective cell adhesion systems to create highly organized cell patterns.

A scoping review and consensus recommendations for emergency medical services buprenorphine (EMS-Bupe) programs.

Objectives: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies are beginning to provide low-barrier access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) through the development of EMS buprenorphine (EMS-Bupe) programs. However, evidence-based practices for these programs are lacking. Our aim was to review the current literature on EMS and emergency department (ED) based buprenorphine treatment programs to provide consensus recommendations on the EMS-Bupe program development.

Finite mixtures of functional graphical models: Uncovering heterogeneous dependencies in high-dimensional data.

Graphical models have been widely used to explicitly capture the statistical relationships among the variables of interest in the form of a graph. The central question in these models is to infer significant conditional dependencies or independencies from high-dimensional data. In the current literature, it is common to assume that the high-dimensional data come from a homogeneous source and follow a parametric graphical model.