A case of Osmotic demyelination syndrome despite normal rate of Sodium correction with good recovery.

The Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) primarily occurs with rapid correction of severe hyponatraemia that has been present for more than two or three days. Some patients are, however at risk and can develop ODS at higher sodium concentration and lower rates of correction. A case of Osmotic demyelination Syndrome which developed despite an 'optimal' rate of correction of serum Sodium with good clinical outcome is described.

Modelling oviduct fluid formation in vitro.

Oviduct fluid is the microenvironment that supports early reproductive processes including fertilisation, embryo cleavage, and genome activation. However, the composition and regulation of this critical environment remains rather poorly defined. This study uses an in vitro preparation of the bovine oviduct epithelium, to investigate the formation and composition of in vitro derived oviduct fluid (ivDOF) within a controlled environment.

Insulin degludec and insulin aspart: novel insulins for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus require insulin as disease progresses to attain or maintain glycaemic targets. Basal insulin is commonly prescribed initially, alone or with one or more rapid-acting prandial insulin doses, to limit mealtime glucose excursions (a basal-bolus regimen). Both patients and physicians must balance the advantages of improved glycaemic control with the risk of hypoglycaemia and increasing regimen complexity.

The effect of extensive flooding in Hull on the glycaemic control of patients with diabetes.

Aims: To examine the impact of extensive flooding in a UK city in 2007 on the glycaemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a longitudinal study in patients with diabetes mellitus 12 months before and after the floods in Hull and East Yorkshire, UK. All patients registered with diabetes mellitus were sent questionnaires about their experiences during and after the floods.

Sulphonyurea as a cause of severe hypoglycaemia in the community.

Introduction: Hypoglycaemia is a well recognised side effect of insulin and sulphonyurea therapy in the treatment of, patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who developed severe hypoglycaemia in Hull and, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom over a 4-month period to assess the different therapies that contribute the most to the problem and the patient groups who are at greatest risk.

Results: Of the 75 patients with diabetes mellitus who developed severe hypoglycaemia, 61 (80%) were taking, insulin, 5 in combination with metformin.

Orlistat is as beneficial as metformin in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of treatment with orlistat vs. metformin on the hormonal and biochemical features of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Twenty-one Caucasian women with PCOS [mean (+/-SEM) age 27 +/- 0.

Insulin-delivery devices.

People with diabetes requiring insulin now have a range of insulin-delivery devices, the use of which can help to ensure concordance with treatment.

A comparison of insulin pen use in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Insulin pens offer the advantages of simplicity, convenience, and more accurate dosing to insulin-using patients with diabetes. The usefulness of insulin pens is not limited to certain subsets of individuals but extends to all patients who might choose this delivery system. By facilitating acceptance and consistent implementation of multiple-dose insulin regimens, pens hold the potential to promote improved blood glucose control and thus reduce the risk of the chronic complications of diabetes.

Recent developments in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a common, chronic disease, with a high risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications that lead to premature death and disability. The disease is managed largely in primary care and its rising prevalence will increase the workload of community nurses. The forthcoming Diabetes National Service Framework will aim to improve the standards of diabetic care, while scientific and technological developments offer new treatments that may also improve the outlook for patients.