Photobiomodulation as part of multimodal analgesia to improve pain relief and wound healing after elective caesarean section: A protocol for randomized controlled trial.

Background: Caesarean section (CS) is the most common inpatient surgical procedure performed in Canada. CS is known to cause moderate-to-severe pain, which is suggested to be associated with postpartum depression and persistent pain. Existing limitations in multimodal analgesia and conscious attempts to avoid opioids highlight the need for non-pharmacological strategies.

Patterns of Extraocular Muscle Enlargement in Graves' Orbitopathy and Acromegaly.

Extraocular muscle (EOM) enlargement occurs in both acromegaly and Graves' disease, but the degree and pattern of enlargement have not been directly compared in these patient groups. This study investigated whether acromegaly and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) are associated with different patterns of EOM enlargement at the time of diagnosis. Retrospective cohort.

Leveraging local public health to advance antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) implementation and mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR): a scoping review.

Objective: To explore the role of local public health organisations in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted. Peer-reviewed and grey literature from countries within the organisation for economic co-operation and development was searched between 1999 and 2023 using the concepts of local public health, AMR and AMS.

Should Femoral Nerve Blocks and Adductor Canal Blocks Be Used in Pediatric or Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?: A Systematic Review.

Background: Achieving adequate pain control is vital for proper rehabilitation, satisfaction, and earlier discharge after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Opioids have traditionally been used for this purpose, however, can be associated with various negative outcomes. As such, multimodal analgesia was introduced to reduce postoperative opioid use.

Weapon use during the index offense: a study among forensic psychiatry patients in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Understanding the nature and circumstances around the use of weapons to perpetrate an offense among individuals with mental illness is crucial for evidence-informed policies and actions. However, little is known about the prevalence and factors associated with weapon use during index offenses among patients in the forensic system. Therefore, the present study was designed to address this gap and determine the prevalence and the patient and victim characteristics associated with weapon use during the index offense in a Canadian province.

Outcomes and Complications of Failed Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty Revised with Reverse Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Background: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is an increasingly utilized option to address complications following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). This systematic review aims to identify the patient outcomes, complication rates, and re-revision rates following revision to a reverse shoulder replacement from a failed anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from inception until November 21, 2023 to identify studies reporting outcomes and/or complications for patients with a failed TSA revised to an RSA.

Evidence Versus Frenzy in Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review Comparing News Media Claims to Randomized Controlled Trial Evidence.

Background: Robotic total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) has garnered increasing attention in recent years, both clinically and in the media. The purpose of this study was to compare the volume of and messaging in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) versus media reports on the topic of rTKA.

Methods: This was a systematic review of RCTs and media articles on rTKA.

Disparities in Vision-Related Functional Impairments Among Adults in the United States.

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between vision-related functional impairment (VFI) with sociodemographic and healthcare access factors in a representative sample of the United States population.

Methods: Data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used. The NHIS involves responses from the U.

Real-World Effectiveness of Tildrakizumab for Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis in Canada.

Background: Tildrakizumab is an interleukin-23 inhibitor approved in Canada in 2021 for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Objectives: To evaluate real-world effectiveness of tildrakizumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Canada.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in Canada in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis for ≥1 year treated with tildrakizumab for ≥12 weeks.

Methodological review to develop a list of bias items for adaptive clinical trials: Protocol and rationale.

Background: Randomized-clinical trials (RCTs) are the gold-standard for comparing health care interventions, but can be limited by early termination, feasibility issues, and prolonged time to trial reporting. Adaptive clinical trials (ACTs), which are defined by pre-planned modifications and analyses that occur after starting patient recruitment, are gaining popularity as they can streamline trial design and time to reporting. As adaptive methodologies continue to be adopted by researchers, it will be critical to develop a risk of bias tool that evaluates the unique methodological features of ACTs so that their quality can be improved and standardized for the future.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with six and eight-strand hamstring tendon autografts produces adequate graft dimensions and functional outcomes: A systematic review.

Purpose: This study aims to summarize the graft dimensions, failure rates, return-to-sport rates and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with six or eight-strand hamstring tendon autografts (6SHG or 8SHG).

Methods: Three databases were searched from inception to 12 February 2024. The authors adhered to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

Modified Frailty Index for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample From 2015 to 2019.

Background: Frailty is increasingly recognized as a perioperative risk for numerous surgical diseases. We applied the modified frailty index (mFI-11) to the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the NIS (2015-2019) including CRC patients undergoing surgery.

Outcome reporting in studies on critically ill obstetric patients: A systematic review.

Introduction: This systematic review is the first step in the process of standardizing outcome reporting through the development of a core outcome set for research on critically ill obstetric patients (COSCO).

Methods: A five-database search was performed to identify randomized and non-randomized studies published before November 2017, on patients admitted to intensive care or high-dependency units during or immediately after pregnancy. Reported outcomes were categorized into domains and definitions were documented.

Adverse events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing procedural sedation in ambulatory settings: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be at increased risk for adverse events during procedural sedation, however, there remains a gap in the literature quantifying these risks. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the risk of peri-procedural adverse events in OSA patients undergoing procedural sedation in ambulatory settings, compared to those without OSA.

Methods: Four databases were systematically searched for studies published from January 1, 2011 to January 4, 2024.

Progression of Pilot Trials to Completed Randomized Controlled Trials in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Well-designed pilot trials are essential in determining feasibility prior to initiating definitive randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and their implementation into clinical practice. The primary outcome of this study was to identify the number of pilot or feasibility studies in Plastic Surgery that progressed to a definitive RCT. Secondary outcomes included a) number of pilot studies expressing feasibility statements and outcomes and b) reporting quality.

Social Determinants of Health in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Nationally Representative Survey Study.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between social determinants of health (SDoH) and the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: This analysis included adult respondents (>50 years old) from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The primary outcomes were self-reported diagnosis of AMD and self-reported vision loss due to AMD.

Distal biceps tendon injuries treatment: A survey of orthopaedic surgeons' current practice and preferences.

Purpose: Distal biceps tendon (DBT) injuries are relatively uncommon. Controversies exist regarding the best approach, leading to variations in treatment. This study aims to understand the preferences and practices of orthopedic surgeons regarding management of DBT injuries, as well as assess the feasibility of a future pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the impact of various surgical factors on patient outcomes.