PediAppRREST: effectiveness of an interactive cognitive support tablet app in reducing deviations from guidelines in the management of paediatric cardiac arrest: protocol for a simulation-based randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Paediatric cardiac arrest (PCA), despite its low incidence, has a high mortality. Its management is complex and deviations from guideline recommendations occur frequently. We developed a new interactive tablet app, named PediAppRREST, to support the management of PCA.

Comprehensive Risk Management in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Associated With Autosomal Dominant Carvajal Syndrome: Protecting Families.

In a 37-year-old cardiac arrest survivor with autosomal dominant Carvajal syndrome and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, a desmoplakin mutation was identified. Cascade screening identified 2 affected family members and 2 healthy children carrying the mutation. Strategies for primary and secondary risk prevention emphasize the role of genetic testing in rare cardiomyopathies.

The Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument for Italian Subjects, NLit-IT: Exploring Validity and Reliability.

The aim of this study was to test validity and reliability of the adapted version of the Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLit) for Italian people (NLit-IT). An observational cross-sectional study was conducted, involving a convenience sample of adults ( = 74). To explore the validity of the tool, we considered both diet quality as an outcome of NL, and health literacy (HL) as a construct that presents similarities and differences with NL.

The management of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury: Italian Guidelines.

Introduction: The aim of the work was to update the "Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury" published in 2012, to reflect the new available evidence, and develop the Italian national guideline for the management of severe pediatric head injuries to reduce variation in practice and ensure optimal care to patients.

Evidence Acquisition: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2009 to October 2017. Inclusion criteria were English language, pediatric populations (0-18 years) or mixed populations (pediatric/adult) with available age subgroup analyses.

TREC and KREC in very preterm infants: reference values and effects of maternal and neonatal factors.

Objective: T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) assays have been used for severe combined immunodeficiencies newborn screening (NBS). We assessed TREC and KREC NBS values in preterm infants and investigated if perinatal characteristics affect their values.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study collecting data from TREC and KREC NBS database and from mothers' and infants' medical charts.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Adaptive Functions: A Study of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the two most common neurodevelopmental disorders observed in childhood. The DSM-5 accepts a combined diagnosis of ADHD and ASD, while the DSM-IV did not. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the adaptive profile of children and adolescents with a diagnosis of comorbid ADHD and ASD, in comparison with adaptive functioning in subjects with a diagnosis of only ASD or ADHD.

A minimally invasive endoscope assisted retrosigmoid approach for removal of arachnoid cysts in the internal auditory canal: a step by step description.

Introduction: Arachnoid cyst in the internal auditory canal is a quite rare pathology but due to its compressive action on the nerves in this district should be surgically removed. Several surgical techniques have been proposed but no surgeons have used the minimally assisted endoscope retrosigmoid approach for its removal.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using a minimally invasive endoscope assisted retro-sigmoid approach for surgical removal of arachnoid cysts in the internal auditory canal.

E-ABR in Patients with Cochlear Implant: A Comparison between Patients with Malformed Cochlea and Normal Cochlea.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the electrical auditory brainstem response (EABR) following cochlear implant (CI) surgery in pediatric subjects with cochlear malformation and a normal cochlea, in order to assess the sensitivity of EABR and to evaluate the surgery outcome.

Materials And Methods: A total of 26 pediatric subjects who were deaf and scheduled for CI surgery were enrolled into this case control study. Group A (n=20) included subjects with a normo-conformed cochlea.

Paediatric HIV-1 infection: updated strategies of prevention mother-to-child transmission.

Introduction: HIV-1 epidemiology is changing and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) strategies have been continuously optimized over time. However, the correct management of infected women during pregnancy is crucial for PMTCT and cases of vertical transmission continue to occur.

Objective: To review the most recent evidence regarding the prevention of MTCT in resource-rich and resource-limited settings, focalizing on new possible approaches.

Italian multicentre study found infectious and vaccine-preventable diseases in children adopted from Africa and recommends prompt medical screening.

Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence of infectious diseases and immunisation status of children adopted from Africa.

Methods: We studied 762 African children referred to 11 Italian paediatric centres in 2009-2015. Clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected and analysed.

Infection control, genetic assessment of drug resistance and drug susceptibility testing in the current management of multidrug/extensively-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) in Europe: A tuberculosis network European Trialsgroup (TBNET) study.

Aim: Europe has the highest documented caseload and greatest increase in multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) of all World Health Organization (WHO) regions. This survey examines how recommendations for M/XDR-TB management are being implemented.

Methods: TBNET is a pan-European clinical research collaboration for tuberculosis.

Proximal hypospadias repair with bladder mucosal graft: Our 10 years experience.

Introduction And Objective: A great variety of different surgical techniques has been described for proximal hypospadias repair and an ideal tissue has not been determined yet. We present our 10 years of surgical experience using a bladder mucosal graft for urethroplasty.

Study Design: Bladder mucosal graft urethroplasty was performed between 2005 and 2015 in 50 patients with severe proximal hypospadias.

Preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and protecting contacts of infectious cases.

Prevention of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) is a top priority for global TB control, given the need to limit epidemic spread and considering the high cost, toxicity and poor treatment outcomes with available therapies. We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the evidence for strategies to reduce MDR/XDR-TB transmission and disease progression. Rapid detection and timely initiation of effective treatment is critical to rendering MDR/XDR-TB cases non-infectious.

Emended description of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and Mycobacteriumabscessus subsp. bolletii and designation of Mycobacteriumabscessus subsp. massiliense comb. nov.

The taxonomic position of members of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex has been the subject of intensive investigation and, in some aspects confusion, in recent years as a result of varying approaches to genetic data interpretation. Currently, the former species Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium bolletii are grouped together as Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii.

A Case of Acute Osteomyelitis: An Update on Diagnosis and Treatment.

Osteomyelitis in children is a serious disease in children requiring early diagnosis and treatment to minimize the risk of sequelae. Therefore, it is of primary importance to recognize the signs and symptoms at the onset and to properly use the available diagnostic tools. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion and be aware of the evolving epidemiology and of the emergence of antibiotic resistant and aggressive strains requiring careful monitoring and targeted therapy.

Development of an algorithm for the management of cervical lymphadenopathy in children: consensus of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the Italian Society of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology.

Unlabelled: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common disorder in children due to a wide spectrum of disorders. On the basis of a complete history and physical examination, paediatricians have to select, among the vast majority of children with a benign self-limiting condition, those at risk for other, more complex, diseases requiring laboratory tests, imaging and, finally, tissue sampling. At the same time, they should avoid expensive and invasive examinations when unnecessary.